The document discusses the different phyla that make up the animal kingdom. It notes that there are approximately 35 subdivisions called phyla, with the 9 main phyla being porifera (sponges), cnidaria (jellyfish), platyhelminthes (flatworms), nematodes, mollusca (snails, clams, etc.), annelida (segmented worms), arthropoda (insects), echinodermata (starfish), and chordata (which includes vertebrates like humans). It then provides more details on the characteristics of sponges from the porifera phylum, including their structure, reproduction, and how they obtain food and oxygen from water.

1. Animal Kingdom
How do animal populations differ?

2. Kingdom Animalia
 Within the Animal Kingdom there are
approximately 35 sub-divisions called
“Phyla”; each phylum sub-division shares
particular structural and functional properties
which together separate it from other phyla.
 There are 9 main phyla in the Animal
kingdom:

3. Kingdom Animalia
 Porifera – These are the salt-water
sponges; there are approximately 8,000
separate species existing today.

4. Kingdom Animalia
 Porifera – These are the salt-water
sponges; there are approximately 8,000
separate species existing today.
 Cnidaria- This group is composed of
jellyfish, and other lower aquatic animals;
approx 15,000 species exist today

5. Kingdom Animalia
 Porifera – These are the salt-water
sponges; there are approximately 8,000
separate species existing today.
 Cnidaria- This group is composed of
jellyfish, and other lower aquatic animals;
approx 15,000 species exist today
 Platyhelminthes – These are the flatworms
which inhabit both marine and freshwater
habitats; over 15,000 species exist today.

6. Kingdom Animalia
 Porifera – These are the salt-water
sponges; there are approximately 8,000
separate species existing today.
 Cnidaria- This group is composed of
jellyfish, and other lower aquatic animals;
approx 15,000 species exist today
 Platyhelminthes – These are the flatworms
which inhabit both marine and freshwater
habitats; over 15,000 species exist today.
 Nematodes – This phylum consists mainly
of about 80,000 known parasitic worms.

7.  Mollusca – This major group consists of
snails, clams, squid, and octopus; there are
over 110,000 known species.

8.  Mollusca – This major group consists of
snails, clams, squid, and octopus; there are
over 110,000 known species.
 Annelida – About 15,000 individual
segmented worms comprise this phylum;
the common earthworm is an example.

9.  Mollusca – This major group consists of snails,
clams, squid, and octopus; there are over 110,000
known species.
 Annelida – About 15,000 individual segmented
worms comprise this phylum; the common
earthworm is an example.
 Arthropoda – This very large group consists of
insects; it is estimated that there are over 1 million
species of insects existing today.

10.  Echinodermata – These are the marine
starfish; about 6,000 species exist today.

11.  Echinodermata – These are the marine starfish;
about 6,000 species exist today.
 Chordata – This is a group of animals which are
classified on the basis of possessing 3 common
embryological features – dorsal nerve cord,
supportive structure called the notocord, and
pharyngeal gill pouches. Within this phylum is a
highly-advanced group called the `vertebrates'
which include fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and
mammals; it is this phylum to which the human
organism belongs.

13. Phylum Porifera - Sponges
 Structure

14. Phylum Porifera - Sponges
 Structure
–Bodies of sponges are supported by
a network of spikes.

15. Phylum Porifera - Sponges
 Structure
–Bodies of sponges are supported by
a network of spikes.
–Has pores

16. Phylum Porifera - Sponges
 Reproduction

17. Phylum Porifera - Sponges
 Reproduction
–Asexually by budding

18. Phylum Porifera - Sponges
 Reproduction
–Asexually by budding
–Sexually

19. Phylum Porifera - Sponges
 Reproduction
–Asexually by budding
–Sexually
Sponges do not have separate sexes
but a single sponge produces eggs at
one time of the year and sperm at a
different time.

21. Phylum Porifera - Sponges
 Getting Food and Oxygen from Water

22. Phylum Porifera - Sponges
 Getting Food and Oxygen from Water
– Feed by straining food particles from water

23. Phylum Porifera - Sponges
 Getting Food and Oxygen from Water
– Feed by straining food particles from water
– Oxygen from the water moves into the sponges
cells

24. Phylum Porifera - Sponges
 Getting Food and Oxygen from Water
– Feed by straining food particles from water
– Oxygen from the water moves into the sponges
cells
– Move reproductive cells