Diuretic agents work by increasing urine output and sodium excretion. There are several classes of diuretics including carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, loop diuretics, osmotic diuretics, potassium-sparing diuretics, and thiazide diuretics. Nursing care involves monitoring for therapeutic and adverse effects such as hypokalemia, hypotension, and fluid imbalance.
Diuretics
Pharmacology
Katzung
Abnormalities in fluid volume and electrolyte composition are common and important clinical disorders. Drugs that block specific transport functions of the renal tubules are valuable clinical tools in the treatment of these disorders. Although various agents that increase urine volume (diuretics) have been described since antiquity, it was not until 1937 that carbonic anhydrase inhibitors were first described and not until 1957 that a much more useful and powerful diuretic agent (chlorothiazide) became available. Technically, a “diuretic” is an agent that increases urine volume, whereas a “natriuretic” causes an increase in renal sodium excretion and an “aquaretic” increases excretion of solute-free water. Because natriuretics almost always also increase water excretion, they are usually called diuretics. Osmotic diuretics and antidiuretic hormone antagonists (see Agents That Alter Water Excretion) are aquaretics that are not directly natriuretic.
Mechanism of urine formation
Definition and classification of diuretics
MOA and SAR of each class
Their dose and adverse effects
Pharmacologicaol uses
all about diuretics
Diuretics | Definition | Mechanism of Action | Classes of DrugsChetan Prakash
This presentation provides knowledge about Diuretics,Role of sodium, types of urine output, General mechanism of action, Normal Physiolofy of urine formation, GFR Formation, Classes of Diuretics, diuretics abuse and recent discovery. An assignment for the subject, Advanced Pharmacology-I, 1st year M.Pharm, 1st semester.
Diuretics
Pharmacology
Katzung
Abnormalities in fluid volume and electrolyte composition are common and important clinical disorders. Drugs that block specific transport functions of the renal tubules are valuable clinical tools in the treatment of these disorders. Although various agents that increase urine volume (diuretics) have been described since antiquity, it was not until 1937 that carbonic anhydrase inhibitors were first described and not until 1957 that a much more useful and powerful diuretic agent (chlorothiazide) became available. Technically, a “diuretic” is an agent that increases urine volume, whereas a “natriuretic” causes an increase in renal sodium excretion and an “aquaretic” increases excretion of solute-free water. Because natriuretics almost always also increase water excretion, they are usually called diuretics. Osmotic diuretics and antidiuretic hormone antagonists (see Agents That Alter Water Excretion) are aquaretics that are not directly natriuretic.
Mechanism of urine formation
Definition and classification of diuretics
MOA and SAR of each class
Their dose and adverse effects
Pharmacologicaol uses
all about diuretics
Diuretics | Definition | Mechanism of Action | Classes of DrugsChetan Prakash
This presentation provides knowledge about Diuretics,Role of sodium, types of urine output, General mechanism of action, Normal Physiolofy of urine formation, GFR Formation, Classes of Diuretics, diuretics abuse and recent discovery. An assignment for the subject, Advanced Pharmacology-I, 1st year M.Pharm, 1st semester.
A PowerPoint presentation on Anti Muscarinic drugs it has a broad information on different drugs like Anti-Muscarinic drugs Anti-Nicotinic drugs and some information on Ganglionic blocking drugs with their general information including different brands, different generics, their pictures, dosage, side effort and treatment measures etc.
May this information may be helpful to you.
Regards.
SYED MASOOD AHMED QUADRI
A. Adrenergic neurotransmitters and their biosynthesis and metabolism, adrenergic receptors their distribution and actions mediated by them
B. Sympathomimetics
1. Direct acting: SAR, Endogenous catecholamines,
a) Alpha adrenergic agonists: Phenylephrines, Methoxamine, Naphazoline, Xylometazolines, Oxymetazoline, Clonidines, Guanabenz, Methyldopa
b) Dual agonist/antagonist: Dobutamine
c) Beta adrenergic agonists: Isoproterenols, Metaproterenol, Terbutalins, Albuterol, Salbuterol, Bitolterol, Ritodrine
2. Indirect acting: Hydroxyamphetamine, Propylhexedrine
3. Mixed acting: Ephedrine, Metaraminol
C. Adrenolytics:
1. Alpha blockers:
a) Non selective: Tolazoline
b) Irreversible blockers: Phenoxybenzamines
c) Alpha1 blockers: Prazosins, Doxazosin, Tamsulosin
d) Alpha2 blockers: Yohimbine, Coryanthine
2. Beta blockers: SAR
a) Non selective blockers: Propranolols, Nadolol, Pindolol, Timolol, Sotalol
b) Beta1 blockers: Acebutolol, Atenelol, Esmolol, Metaprolols
c) Betablockers with alpha1 antagonistic activity: Labetalol, Carvedilol
A PowerPoint presentation on Anti Muscarinic drugs it has a broad information on different drugs like Anti-Muscarinic drugs Anti-Nicotinic drugs and some information on Ganglionic blocking drugs with their general information including different brands, different generics, their pictures, dosage, side effort and treatment measures etc.
May this information may be helpful to you.
Regards.
SYED MASOOD AHMED QUADRI
A. Adrenergic neurotransmitters and their biosynthesis and metabolism, adrenergic receptors their distribution and actions mediated by them
B. Sympathomimetics
1. Direct acting: SAR, Endogenous catecholamines,
a) Alpha adrenergic agonists: Phenylephrines, Methoxamine, Naphazoline, Xylometazolines, Oxymetazoline, Clonidines, Guanabenz, Methyldopa
b) Dual agonist/antagonist: Dobutamine
c) Beta adrenergic agonists: Isoproterenols, Metaproterenol, Terbutalins, Albuterol, Salbuterol, Bitolterol, Ritodrine
2. Indirect acting: Hydroxyamphetamine, Propylhexedrine
3. Mixed acting: Ephedrine, Metaraminol
C. Adrenolytics:
1. Alpha blockers:
a) Non selective: Tolazoline
b) Irreversible blockers: Phenoxybenzamines
c) Alpha1 blockers: Prazosins, Doxazosin, Tamsulosin
d) Alpha2 blockers: Yohimbine, Coryanthine
2. Beta blockers: SAR
a) Non selective blockers: Propranolols, Nadolol, Pindolol, Timolol, Sotalol
b) Beta1 blockers: Acebutolol, Atenelol, Esmolol, Metaprolols
c) Betablockers with alpha1 antagonistic activity: Labetalol, Carvedilol
Diuretics are medicines that help reduce fluid buildup in the body. They are sometimes called water pills. Most diuretics help the kidneys remove salt and water through the urine. This lowers the amount of fluid flowing through the veins and arteries. As a result, blood pressure goes down.
Diuretics are drugs that increase the flow of urine. They are commonly used to treat edema, hypertension, and heart failure. Typically, the pharmacological group consists of five classes: thiazide diuretics, loop diuretics, potassium-sparing diuretics, osmotic diuretics, and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.
There are three main types of diuretic: loop diuretics, thiazide diuretics and potassium-sparing diuretics.
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