This dissertation examines the fish availability and marketing system of a fish market in Deoghar, Jharkhand. It finds that the dominant fish species available are rohu and katla, comprising 70% of the market. Fish come from local ponds, rivers, and farms in Deoghar as well as imports from Bengal and Andhra Pradesh. The most common marketing channel involves fish farmers and fishermen selling directly to retailers and then to consumers. While the fish market plays an important role, it faces constraints like lack of cold storage and proper handling techniques. The study recommends modernizing facilities and training workers to improve the sustainability of the local fish market.

1. UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY
VINOBA BHAVE UNIVERSITY, HAZARIBAG
A DISSERTATION WORK
ON
FISH AVAILABILITY AND MARKETING SYSTEM
OF A FISH MARKET IN DEOGHAR, JHARKHAND
SUBMITTED BY – MADHURI KUMARI
CLASS – M.Sc. ZOOLOGY
SPECIAL PAPER - FISH & FISHERIES
SEMESTER – IV
ROLL NO. – 220103467107
SESSION - 2021-2023
UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF
DR. RAJENDRA MISTRI, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR

2. CERTIFICATE
I certify that dissertation entitled “FISH AVAILABILITY AND
MARKETING SYSTEM OF A FISH MARKET IN DEOGHAR, JHARKHAND”
is submitted for the final evaluation of M.Sc. degree by MADHURI
KUMARI of M.Sc. 4th semester, session 2021-23. The submitted
dissertation, is her on work done during the tenure of her M.Sc. 4th
semester – 2023 under my guidance & supervision. To the best my
knowledge the work innovative and has not been copied from
elsewhere except references.
Dr. K.K. Gupta Dr. Rajendra Mistri
Head University Department of Zoology Associate Professor
Vinoba Bhave University, University Department of Zoology
Hazaribag Vinoba Bhave University,
Hazaribag

3. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I express our gratitude to the local fishers, fish farmer (Deoghar, Jharkhand) for
giving the valuable information.
I am very thankful to Dr. K.K. Gupta, Head of department Zoology, Vinoba Bhave
University For giving support and cooperation to complete this dissertation.
I express my special concern and heartiest thanks to Dr. Rajendra Mistri
(Associate Professor) who guided me throughout this project.
I also pay my regards from the core of my heart to Dr. B.K. Gupta, Dr. Manoj
Kumar, Y. Jaggi and faculties member of department for all sort of cooperation
provided.
Eventually, I would like to convey my gratefulness to all teaching and non
teaching staff for proving all sorts of help whenever I needed.
MADHURI KUMARI
M.Sc. Zoology (Fish & Fisheries)
Vinoba Bhave University, Hazaribag

4. DECLARATION
I hereby declare that I have completed my dissertation
work with full devotion on topic FISH AVAILABILITY AND
MARKETING SYSTEM OF A FISH MARKET IN DEOGHAR,
JHARKHAND under the supervision of Dr. Rajendra
Mistri, Associate Professor Department of Zoology VBU
Hazaribag.
In my view, that work is entirely research and survey and
has not been either copied submitted to anywhere
publication.
MADHURI KUMARI
Roll No. - 220103467107

5. DEDICATION
I dedicate this humble piece of work
to my father & mother and my husband
and my family relatives, who all
strongly supports me to pursue my
target.
I also dedicate this work to all the
persons who directly or indirectly
supported me to compelet this work.
MADHURI KUMARI

6. CONTENT
S.NO. TOPIC
1. INTRODUCTION
2. MATERIALS & METHODS
2.1 STUDY AREA
2.2 DATA COLLECTION
2.3 DATA PROCESSING & ANALYSIS
3. RESULT & DISCUSSION
3.1 SOURCE OF FISHES IN THE MARKET
3.2 SPECIES AVAILABILITY & COMPOSITION OF
FISH
3.3 MARKETING CHANNEL
3.4 PRICE OF FISH
3.5 CONSTRAINTS ASSOCIATED WITH FISH
MARKET
4. CONCLUSION
5. REFERENCES

7. 1.
INTRODUCTION

8. INRODUCTION
Fisheries in Jharkhand is developing with good pace and is one of the sectors
which is attracting rural youth in a big way.
Fisheries resources in the state are limited but considerable efforts are being
made for their restoration, renovation and area expansion.
This sector contributes significantly to national income, nutritional security
export earning and in fulfilling the various social objectives.
At present per day fish supply is about 20-25 quintal in Deoghar city.
Three levels of marketing system are observed in the distribution channel of fish
species. These are primary, secondary and final consuming market.
The price usually fluctuated seasonally due to variation in supply and demand.
However, several studies have already being carried out to explore the marketing
system, but no information is documented on Deoghar city fish market system
and its species availability.
Therefore, the present study was under taken to assess the existing fish
marketing system on Deoghar city fish market.

9. 2.
MATERIALS AND METHODS

10. MATERIALS AND METHODS
STUDY AREA -
The study was carried out in Deoghar city .
The selected site was Meena Bazar, Rohini, fresh fish center Williams town, Pond
fish supplier Jasidih, Bina-su fish farm deoghar where varieties of fish species
are available.
Fig: Geographical location of study area

11. DATA COLLECTION –
The study was carried out for the period of 1st
June to 20TH
June 2023.
Data were collected by using Questionnaire interviews.
A total number of 10-15 fish retailers, 8-10 fish farmers and 10-15 other
individuals engaged in different types of work in the market area for
questionnaire interview.
DATA PROCESSING AND ANALYSIS-
Using Microsoft Excel 2010 softwere, data from different relevant sources were
coded and recorded into database system. Results from the data analyses, in
combination with qualitative information collected through questionnaire
interviews were compared with original data sheets.

12. 3.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION

13. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
SOURCE OF FISHES IN THE MARKET-
In the fish market, freshwater fish species available from pond, rivers and fish
farm where varieties of fish species available.
The average daily supply of fish in deoghar city fish market was approx. found to
20-25 quintals.
Present study revealed dominant portion of fishes comes from Bengal, Andhra
Pradesh, local ponds of Rohini and Sarath, bina-su fish farm and jalsar fish farm,
Deoghar.
Maximum fish species come from Bengal are Hilsa, Rohu & Katla.
Fish species also come from Andhra Pradesh are shilan, Rohu.
Other fishes were supplied from local ponds of Rohini, Sarath in deoghar.

14. SPECIES AVAILABILITY AND COMPOSITION OF FISH-
A total number of 13 fish species were most available recorded.
It was observed that 70% fish supplied in the market were Katla and Rohu
where 30% were other fish species.
During the study period it was observed that the species that had their
availability, demand, market price and customer’s choice were Rohu, katla,
Hilsa, Tilapia, Mangur, Chingri, Pangus, Garai etc.
Table: Available fish species in Deoghar district
S.NO. ORDER FAMILY SCIENTIFIC NAME LOCAL NAME
1. Clupeiformes Clupeidae Tenualosa ilisha Ilish
2. Cypreiniformes Cyprinoidae Catla catla katla
3. Labeo rohita Rohu/Ruee
4. Labeo calbasu Kalbasu
5. Lebeo bata Bata
6. Puntius stigma Puthi
7. Cichliformes Cichlidae Oreochromis mossambicus Tilapia
8. Perciformes Channidae Channa punctatus Girai
9. Cypreiniformes Cyprinoidae Cirrihinus mrigala Mrigal/Mirika
10. Siluriformes Bargridae Mystus tengra Tengara
11. Clariidae Clarias batrachus Desi Mangur
12. Pangasiidae Pangasius pangasius Pangas/Silan
13. Perciformes Bramidae Brama brama Pomfret/
Paplet fish

15. 46%
23%
15%
8%
8%
Pie chart showing order of fish species of
Deoghar, jharkhand
Cypreiniformes
Siluriformes
Perciformes
Clupeiformes
Cichliformes

16. Fig : Me interacting to the fish retailer at Rohini, Deoghar

17. Fig : Pangas Fig: Bata
Fig : Girai Fig : Puthi
Fig : Rohu Fig : Tilapia

18. Fig : Me interracting to the fish retailer at Meena Bazar, Deoghar

19. MARKETING CHANNEL-
The market chain from farmers to consumers passed through a number of
intermediaries such as fish retailers, local paikers, and wholesalers.
Three types of marketing channels were found in the market. Among them,
majority of fish were transporated through fisherman/fish farmer-fish retailer-
consumer channel where fish farmers directly sold their fish to retailers
especially Rohu, Katla, Tilapia, Puthi.
Fig : Marketing channel of fish species in Deoghar
FISH
FARMER/FISHERMEN
RETAILER
CONSUMER

20. PRICE OF FISHES-
The price of fish varied with season, availability, size and quality. It is also varied
with live or death condition especially Rohu, Katla, Pangas, Mangur, Tilapia,
chingri, Girai etc.
Captured carps were more expansive than cultured carps. On the basis of the
study, it was observed that among the cultured species, Rohu, Katla, Mrigal
were higher prices than the exotic carp.
The reason for the low prices of exotic carp (Tilapia) might be explained that
the demand and taste of exotic carp were low and consumers or local retailers
were not willing to pay high prices.
Among the Indian major carps Catla and Rohu was found to be the most
demanding and valuable fishes in the Deoghar town.

21. Table: The price of some important fish species in Deoghar town
Most Available Fishes Price(Per Kg)
Ilish 2200-2400
Live Rehu 200-220
Ice Rehu 155-160
Pangas 110-130
Desi Mangur 1000-1200
Katla 220-250
Girai 130-160
Mirika 180-200
Tilapia 70-100
Puthi 150-160

22. CONSTRAINTS ASSOCIATED WITH FISH MARKET-
The major constraints of fish marketing system in Deoghar city resemble the
exiating problem of overall fish marketing system in Jharkhand which could be
summarized as –
• Lack of cold storage facilies.
• Inadequate and unplanned infrastructural development of the fish
markets.
• Long exposure of fish to high temperature/direct sunlight.
• Improper and insufficient use of ice.
• Lack of modernized preservation system.
• Unhygienic method of Fish handling.

23. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION-
The most available fishes were total of 13 species. Mostly belonging to
freshwater fishes (90%) and 10% other were recorded.
Among them highest amount of fish was Rehu and Katla were supplied from
local ponds and fish farms.
On the basis of findings of the study the following recommendation have been
made for the improvement of existing marketing of fish-
• Establishment of Modern fish landing center.
• Cold storage and ice factories should be constructed.
• Water supply as well as drainage facilities should be ensured.
• Ensure training facilities to all personnel related to fish marketing
about fish handling, quality of fish, hygiene practices.
• Improvement of existing fish market structure.

24. REFERENCES-
• Internet
• http://jharkhandfisheries.org>Deoghar
• P Hembrom and P Bodra, 2021. Study of fish diversity in Dumka
block, Dumka, Jharkhand. Journal of Entomology and Zoology
Studies. JEZS 2021; 99(2) : 1285-1289
• R. Haldar, S. Hossen, Md. M. Hossen, M. M. Ali, P. ROY, N. Saha,
Md. B. Hossen, A.M., Md. K. S. Shadin, 2020. Fish Availability &
marketing system of a Fish market in Manikganj, Bangladesh.
World Journal of Fish And Marine Sciences 12 (1): 16-23, 2020