- The document analyzes the market indices of fish products sold in Makurdi, Nigeria to understand the variables that drive fish marketing.
- It finds that most fish retailers have little formal education and use family labor. Rural and village markets have the highest sales, using wholesale bargaining as the primary unit of sale.
- The major challenges are fish spoilage from inadequate preservation practices. Improving preservation methods through providing government facilities is suggested to address this key issue.
This research was conducted to find out the market demand of prawnandmilkfish in West Timor and East Timor/Timor-Leste. The West Timor market demand survey was organized by involving 28 fish merchants/seafood restaurant managers which were spread across 6 cities in West Timor. Furthermore, the demand in East Timor was based on fish trade flows data at the Indonesia
The Influence Of Socio-Economic Characteristics on Consumers’ Preference on F...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— The study examined the influence of socio-economic characteristics on consumer’s preference on fish purchase in Yola North local government area of Adamawa state. Data from the study were obtained using a well-structured questionnaire administered randomly to 100 consumers out of which 99 were retrieved. Multiple Regressions was used as a tool to examine the influence of socio-economic characteristics on consumer preference on fish purchase. The result of the study revealed that majority of the consumers who prefer fish were between the ages of 41-50; 48.48% were males, 51.52%were females. Majority (78.79%) of consumers were married. The results further revealed that the consumers had attended one form of formal education or the other. 21.2%had secondary education, 77.8% had tertiary education, while 1.0% had other form education. Analysis of the consumers’ household size revealed that 44.4% were found to be between 4-6 persons. An analysis of consumers’ preference for fish was found in the study. Results revealed that 16.2% purchased their fish from wholesalers, 76.8% from retailers and 5% from importers. 2% purchase from other source. Most of the fish purchased were both fresh and smoked fish (47.5%). Results also showed that the average monthly income of the consumers were 58.6% (51,000>) and 67.7% of the consumers like at least very much to eat fish. The regression analysis gave an R2 of 88.01% and the independent variable X1 (Age), X3 (educational level), X4 (income) and X5 (household size) were positively significant and affect the amount spent on fish. The study also revealed that income, availability of fish and good storage facility were factors limiting consumers’ preference for fish in the study area. Recommendations on the study was that infrastructural facilities should be made available, and fish farmers should be supported by providing them with some incentives to encourage them to produce more to meet the increasing demand of the teeming population.
This research was conducted to find out the market demand of prawnandmilkfish in West Timor and East Timor/Timor-Leste. The West Timor market demand survey was organized by involving 28 fish merchants/seafood restaurant managers which were spread across 6 cities in West Timor. Furthermore, the demand in East Timor was based on fish trade flows data at the Indonesia
The Influence Of Socio-Economic Characteristics on Consumers’ Preference on F...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— The study examined the influence of socio-economic characteristics on consumer’s preference on fish purchase in Yola North local government area of Adamawa state. Data from the study were obtained using a well-structured questionnaire administered randomly to 100 consumers out of which 99 were retrieved. Multiple Regressions was used as a tool to examine the influence of socio-economic characteristics on consumer preference on fish purchase. The result of the study revealed that majority of the consumers who prefer fish were between the ages of 41-50; 48.48% were males, 51.52%were females. Majority (78.79%) of consumers were married. The results further revealed that the consumers had attended one form of formal education or the other. 21.2%had secondary education, 77.8% had tertiary education, while 1.0% had other form education. Analysis of the consumers’ household size revealed that 44.4% were found to be between 4-6 persons. An analysis of consumers’ preference for fish was found in the study. Results revealed that 16.2% purchased their fish from wholesalers, 76.8% from retailers and 5% from importers. 2% purchase from other source. Most of the fish purchased were both fresh and smoked fish (47.5%). Results also showed that the average monthly income of the consumers were 58.6% (51,000>) and 67.7% of the consumers like at least very much to eat fish. The regression analysis gave an R2 of 88.01% and the independent variable X1 (Age), X3 (educational level), X4 (income) and X5 (household size) were positively significant and affect the amount spent on fish. The study also revealed that income, availability of fish and good storage facility were factors limiting consumers’ preference for fish in the study area. Recommendations on the study was that infrastructural facilities should be made available, and fish farmers should be supported by providing them with some incentives to encourage them to produce more to meet the increasing demand of the teeming population.
Analysis and Information Needs for Fisheries Production with Freshwater Aquac...SubmissionResearchpa
The big water bodies covering about 4.3 metres hectare of inland water and 480 km of coastline give very high potential for fisheries and aquaculture production, the subtropical climate and adequate soil and aquatic conditions. diversification took place by the introduction of medium and minor carps, catfish and murrels Prabhat Ranjan. (2020). Analysis and Information Needs for Fisheries Production with Freshwater Aquaculture. International Journal on Orange Technologies, 2(10), 117-123. https://doi.org/10.31149/ijot.v2i10.755 Pdf Url: https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJOT/article/view/755/727 Paper Url: https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJOT/article/view/755
Shrimp is one of the most important, healthy food. With obesity and diabetes on rise, consumers are getting more and more aware about healthy food. Shrimp is vital component of healthy food plan. GCC the net importer of shrimp, the opportunity remains very good. The export potential of the product is very high. The frozen shrimps are key growth and export component of the GCC, diversification Plan.
This is brief Project Report for shrimp Farm. Shrimp Farm, Prawns and Crabs , will remain key components of Aquaculture Projects and growth.
Marketing of Poultry and Poultry Products in Itu Local Government Area of Akw...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— A survey was carried out to discover the marketing of poultry and poultry products in Itu Local government area of Akwa -Ibom State, Nigeria. The materials used were text books, personal observations, oral interview and questionnaires. Results obtained show that farmers in NtiatItam town consume more eggs per household than other towns in Itu Local Government Area surveyed Farmers in MbakAtai 1 produced more poultry droppings than farmers in other towns while more poultry droppings were distributed by traders in NtiatItam town.
REGIONAL WORKSHOP ON FISHERIES AND MARINE GENETIC RESOURCES AND THEIR AMELIOR...apaari
REGIONAL WORKSHOP ON FISHERIES AND MARINE GENETIC RESOURCES AND THEIR AMELIORATION COUNTRY STATUS REPORT: BHUTAN by Gopal Prasad Khanal Presented during the Regional Workshop on Underutilized Fish and Marine Genetic Resources and their Amelioration, 10-12 July 2019, Location: Colombo, Sri Lanka
Regional overview of fisheries and aquaculture in Asia and the Pacific (2012)Simon Funge-Smith
Funge-Smith, S., Briggs, M. & Miao, W. 2012. Regional overview of fisheries and aquaculture in Asia and the Pacific 2012. Asia-Pacific Fishery Commission, FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific. RAP Publication 2012/26. 139 pp.
This presentation was presented by Meryl Williams, based on the full written report: HLPE, 2014. Sustainable fisheries and aquaculture for food security and nutrition. A report by the High Level Panel of Experts on Food Security and Nutrition of the Committee on World Food Security, Rome 2014.(http://www.fao.org/cfs/cfs-hlpe/reports/en/).
This report addresses a frequently overlooked but extremely important part of world food and nutrition security: the role and importance of fish in seeking food and nutrition security for all. Fisheries and aquaculture have often been arbitrarily separated from other parts of the food and agricultural systems in food security studies, debates and policy-making.
The report presents a synthesis of existing evidence regarding the complex pathways between fisheries and aquaculture and food and nutrition security, including the environmental, economic and social dimensions, as well as issues related to governance. It provides insights on what needs to be done to achieve sustainable fisheries and aquaculture in order to strengthen their positive impact on food and nutrition security.
The ambition of this compact yet comprehensive report is to help the international community to share and understand the wide spectrum of issues that make fisheries and aquaculture such an important part of efforts to assure food security for all.
Bangladesh fishery industry has essential contribution the agricultural GDP and total export value,and its modern fish processing industry needs new fish processing equipment and technologies.
Availability of fish species in fish markets and fish marketing in Noakhali d...AbdullaAlAsif1
The present study was conducted to know the fish markets and marketing practices in Noakhali district for a period of 5 months; November 2014 to March, 2015. Five types of marketing channels were found in this study and most were similar in nature as marketing places were in same town and not far apart. The average cost by a retailer to trade fish was estimated at Tk. 171.6 /day. This cost included rent of trading spot, ice and local transportation. The average income of retailers in three markets was estimated at Tk. 640/day/retailer. It was found that 21% of fish supplied in the markets were carps (Indian and Exotic), 17.3% marine fish, 15.7% hilsa, 12.7% catfish, 11.3% small fish, 11% Tilapia and pungus, 7% others mix species and 4% prawn. It was reported that availability fish species in three different markets round the year ranged from 55 to 72. However, during the study period, a total of 39 fish species under 24 families were found in three markets. It was found that marine fish comprises average 33% and freshwater fish comprises average 67% in the three markets. The price of fish depends on market structure, species quality, size, weight and season. The price of galda and bagda were varied from 580±10 to 560±8 Tk. /kg, and 370±10 to 350±5 Tk. /kg respectively. The price of catla, tilapia, ilish, Thai pangus and silver carp were varied from 390±10 to 360±8 Tk. /kg, 165±5 to 150±8 Tk. /kg, 900±10 to 860±5 Tk. /kg, 140±10 to 125±5 Tk. /kg, and 160±8 to 155±5 Tk./kg, respectively. In Noakhali, around 50-180 retailers were involved in each market. It was found that the daily supply of fish in Municipal market, Datter hat and Sonapur was about 12-13, 7-8 and 2.5-3ton, respectively. Inadequate infrastructure, transportation, shortage of ice in peak season, hygienic condition and packaging facilities were cited as main constraints. It was found that 80% of the fish retailers have improved their livelihood status through fish trading to a certain degree.
Analysis and Information Needs for Fisheries Production with Freshwater Aquac...SubmissionResearchpa
The big water bodies covering about 4.3 metres hectare of inland water and 480 km of coastline give very high potential for fisheries and aquaculture production, the subtropical climate and adequate soil and aquatic conditions. diversification took place by the introduction of medium and minor carps, catfish and murrels Prabhat Ranjan. (2020). Analysis and Information Needs for Fisheries Production with Freshwater Aquaculture. International Journal on Orange Technologies, 2(10), 117-123. https://doi.org/10.31149/ijot.v2i10.755 Pdf Url: https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJOT/article/view/755/727 Paper Url: https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJOT/article/view/755
Shrimp is one of the most important, healthy food. With obesity and diabetes on rise, consumers are getting more and more aware about healthy food. Shrimp is vital component of healthy food plan. GCC the net importer of shrimp, the opportunity remains very good. The export potential of the product is very high. The frozen shrimps are key growth and export component of the GCC, diversification Plan.
This is brief Project Report for shrimp Farm. Shrimp Farm, Prawns and Crabs , will remain key components of Aquaculture Projects and growth.
Marketing of Poultry and Poultry Products in Itu Local Government Area of Akw...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— A survey was carried out to discover the marketing of poultry and poultry products in Itu Local government area of Akwa -Ibom State, Nigeria. The materials used were text books, personal observations, oral interview and questionnaires. Results obtained show that farmers in NtiatItam town consume more eggs per household than other towns in Itu Local Government Area surveyed Farmers in MbakAtai 1 produced more poultry droppings than farmers in other towns while more poultry droppings were distributed by traders in NtiatItam town.
REGIONAL WORKSHOP ON FISHERIES AND MARINE GENETIC RESOURCES AND THEIR AMELIOR...apaari
REGIONAL WORKSHOP ON FISHERIES AND MARINE GENETIC RESOURCES AND THEIR AMELIORATION COUNTRY STATUS REPORT: BHUTAN by Gopal Prasad Khanal Presented during the Regional Workshop on Underutilized Fish and Marine Genetic Resources and their Amelioration, 10-12 July 2019, Location: Colombo, Sri Lanka
Regional overview of fisheries and aquaculture in Asia and the Pacific (2012)Simon Funge-Smith
Funge-Smith, S., Briggs, M. & Miao, W. 2012. Regional overview of fisheries and aquaculture in Asia and the Pacific 2012. Asia-Pacific Fishery Commission, FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific. RAP Publication 2012/26. 139 pp.
This presentation was presented by Meryl Williams, based on the full written report: HLPE, 2014. Sustainable fisheries and aquaculture for food security and nutrition. A report by the High Level Panel of Experts on Food Security and Nutrition of the Committee on World Food Security, Rome 2014.(http://www.fao.org/cfs/cfs-hlpe/reports/en/).
This report addresses a frequently overlooked but extremely important part of world food and nutrition security: the role and importance of fish in seeking food and nutrition security for all. Fisheries and aquaculture have often been arbitrarily separated from other parts of the food and agricultural systems in food security studies, debates and policy-making.
The report presents a synthesis of existing evidence regarding the complex pathways between fisheries and aquaculture and food and nutrition security, including the environmental, economic and social dimensions, as well as issues related to governance. It provides insights on what needs to be done to achieve sustainable fisheries and aquaculture in order to strengthen their positive impact on food and nutrition security.
The ambition of this compact yet comprehensive report is to help the international community to share and understand the wide spectrum of issues that make fisheries and aquaculture such an important part of efforts to assure food security for all.
Bangladesh fishery industry has essential contribution the agricultural GDP and total export value,and its modern fish processing industry needs new fish processing equipment and technologies.
Availability of fish species in fish markets and fish marketing in Noakhali d...AbdullaAlAsif1
The present study was conducted to know the fish markets and marketing practices in Noakhali district for a period of 5 months; November 2014 to March, 2015. Five types of marketing channels were found in this study and most were similar in nature as marketing places were in same town and not far apart. The average cost by a retailer to trade fish was estimated at Tk. 171.6 /day. This cost included rent of trading spot, ice and local transportation. The average income of retailers in three markets was estimated at Tk. 640/day/retailer. It was found that 21% of fish supplied in the markets were carps (Indian and Exotic), 17.3% marine fish, 15.7% hilsa, 12.7% catfish, 11.3% small fish, 11% Tilapia and pungus, 7% others mix species and 4% prawn. It was reported that availability fish species in three different markets round the year ranged from 55 to 72. However, during the study period, a total of 39 fish species under 24 families were found in three markets. It was found that marine fish comprises average 33% and freshwater fish comprises average 67% in the three markets. The price of fish depends on market structure, species quality, size, weight and season. The price of galda and bagda were varied from 580±10 to 560±8 Tk. /kg, and 370±10 to 350±5 Tk. /kg respectively. The price of catla, tilapia, ilish, Thai pangus and silver carp were varied from 390±10 to 360±8 Tk. /kg, 165±5 to 150±8 Tk. /kg, 900±10 to 860±5 Tk. /kg, 140±10 to 125±5 Tk. /kg, and 160±8 to 155±5 Tk./kg, respectively. In Noakhali, around 50-180 retailers were involved in each market. It was found that the daily supply of fish in Municipal market, Datter hat and Sonapur was about 12-13, 7-8 and 2.5-3ton, respectively. Inadequate infrastructure, transportation, shortage of ice in peak season, hygienic condition and packaging facilities were cited as main constraints. It was found that 80% of the fish retailers have improved their livelihood status through fish trading to a certain degree.
Adoption of Aquaculture Technologies among Fish Farmers in Oluyole Local Gove...AI Publications
This study examined the level of adoption of aquaculture technology among fish farmers in Oluyole Local Government area of Oyo State, Nigeria. To improve aquaculture practice in Nigeria, a technology package was developed and disseminated to fish farmers in the Local Government. This package included twelve practices that the fish farmers were supposed to adopt. One hundred and ten respondents were randomly selected from the registered fish farmers in the Local Government. Data were collected through use of well structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics such as percentage and frequency distribution were used while Chi-square and PPMC were used to analysis the hypotheses. The results showed that level of adoption of the technology was low. Less than half of the respondents adopted the technology. After the liming of pond, which was fully adopted by 55.9%, pond outlet and inlet fully adopted by 50.0% and Feed technology fully adopted by 50.0% which were usually not to specification. The farmers found it difficult to adopt the other recommendations, (e.g., Use the chilled holding for preservation fully adopted by 16.6%, hatchery technique fully adopted by 40.4% Water quality test before fully adopted by 40.1%). It was discovered that the farmers did not have adequate funds to maintain their small ponds and to purchase the necessary feed and other necessities for aquaculture technology adoption. To increase the level of adoption of aquaculture technologies in the study area, it is necessary to change farmers’ perception from subsistence to commercial and sustainable farming practice; to assist the farmers with credit facilities and to intensify activities of the extension agents.
Socio-economic condition of fish fry and fingerling traders in greater Jessor...AbdullaAlAsif1
The present study was conducted to assess the livelihood status of fish fry and fingerling traders and socioeconomic condition in the greater Jessore, Bangladesh from April 2013 to September 2013. Data were collected through the use of well-structured questionnaire from the selected area. 73% of traders have single family but only 27% have joint family. 45% fish fry and fingerling traders family has four members. 20% family has five members, 14% family has six members, 12% family has three members 9%family has seven to eight members respectively. 92% traders has own bank account but only 7% traders uses their bank account when they trade fry and fingerling. 87% traders have secondary business like rickshaw business, fruit business, cloth business, fish trading etc. Among 300 fish fry and fingerling traders the sanitation facilities are present 100%. It was found that 69% and 31% of fish farmers used semi-pucca and pucca toilet respectively. Among 300 fish fry and fingerling traders 78% of traders have own house but only 22% of trader live in rental house or place. 46% of traders have institutional education that range from primary to higher education and other 54% of traders have no experience in education. In case of illness 58% of traders and trader's family goes to government hospital, 24% uses private clinic, 15% traders are uses local village doctor and another 3% does not get any treatment or not require no treatment. 93% traders have television, 5% house consist radio and another 2% house no instrument for entertainment. Only 10% trader wants their son and grandson engages with this fish fry and fingerling trading profession. The average monthly income of traders in the peak season is 18000 taka and off-peak season the income is less than 7000 taka per month.
Regional Workshop on Underutilized Fish and Marine Genetic Resources (FMGR) a...apaari
Regional Workshop on Underutilized Fish and Marine Genetic Resources (FMGR) and their Amelioration, Country Status Report: The Philippines by Rachel Ravago-Gotanco, Presented during the Regional Workshop on Underutilized Fish and Marine Genetic Resources and their Amelioration, 10-12 July 2019, Colombo, Sri Lanka
Post-harvest handling and quality loss of Indian major carps in the distribut...AbdullaAlAsif1
Post-harvest loss of mrigal (Cirrhinus cirrhosus), catla (Catla catla), rohu (Labeo rohita) and kalibaush (Labeo calbasu) in different distribution channel of Noakhali district, Bangladesh were observed during the month of January 2015 to April 2015. Sensory evaluation method was adopted in order to gather information about quality loss of fish and existing handling condition at different stakeholder level. The observed fish were fresh at fisherman level but as the day progress along with temperature variation fish started losing quality and most of their quality found lost at retailer level. Fisherman supplied fish to beparies at 5% quality loss, further 10%, 20% and 22% loss was observed through aratder, retailer and consumer respectively. DPs varied with the month basis, compared to January-February the DPs were higher in March-April which indicates that temperature rise cause more quality loss of fish. Most of the fishes crossed DP 3.0 at retailer level because of long term exposure to open air coupled with unhygienic condition of markets. Different sizes baskets were used for transportation of fish with or without icing. Live fishes were transported with water in gallon or drum and they could retain their shelf lifelong time than that of dead fish or fish with no icing condition. The unsold fishes were preserved in refrigerator and re-icing was adopted by 70% retailer. The ice ratio of fish: ice was 1:1 in March-April and 2:1 in January February. The more quality loss of fish the more ice was used. Bad handling practices due to transportation and in markets also caused quality deterioration of some fishes. Usually post-harvest loss of fish is not taken under the consideration which eventually because economic loss coupled with food insecurity but proper steps to reduce loss can compensate the post-harvest fish loss.
Regional Workshop on Underutilized Fish and Marine Genetic Resources (FMGR) a...apaari
Regional Workshop on Underutilized Fish and Marine Genetic Resources (FMGR) and their Amelioration, Country Status Report: Lao PDR by Latsamy Phounvisouk, Presented during the Regional Workshop on Underutilized Fish and Marine Genetic Resources and their Amelioration, 10-12 July 2019, Location: Colombo, Sri Lanka
Marketing plays animportant role in a market economy. The role of marketing as an incentive to
fish production and productivity cannot be over emphasized. According to Chikwenwu (2005), the marketing of
agricultural commodities in Nigeria involves various markets or exchange points
Ensuring Food Security by Reduction of Post-Harvest Fish Losses in Small-Scal...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
— This paper focus on types, causes and how post-harvest fish losses can be reduced in the artisanal fisheries sector to ensure food security and provision of adequate protein for the increasing population. Post-harvest fish loss is a serious threat to the artisanal fisheries sector which occurs from the capture to the final stage of marketing the product to the consumers. When fish undergoes microbiological decay, it leads to quality loss which results to depreciation in the market value. Consumption of such fish has adverse effect on human health; as a result of these, method of assessing post-harvest fish loss and ways of reducing it should be discovered in order to have good quality fish in abundance for the ever growing population and also improved livelihood of fisher folks.
Socio-economic status of fish retailers in Jashore sadar, BangladeshAbdullaAlAsif1
The study was conducted to determine the fish retailer's livelihood and socioeconomic status in three markets of Jashore for a period of six months from February to August, 2016. The average net profit of fish retailers was found higher in Boro bazaar (Tk.350) followed by Palbari bazaar (Tk.325), Chuadanga Bus Stand bazaar (TK.275). The average age groups of 20-65 years were found among the markets. The study shows that 53% fish retailers had nuclear family and 47% had joint family. Most of the housing conditions were kacha (69%) and Muslim fish retailers were predominant in all markets. Among the total 45 traders interviewed, 42% were illiterate, 31% have primary level education, 24% have secondary level education and none of them had bachelor level of education. It was found that fish retailers of Boro bazaar and Palbari bazaar sold an average of 35 kg fish daily, compared with Chuadanga Bus Stand bazaar 15 kg per day. The daily supply of fish in Boro bazaar can be estimated at 1.6 MT (25 retailers' × 65 kg) while 0.3 MT (15 retailers × 20 kg) and 0.45 MT (15 retailers × 30 kg) in C.B Bazar and Palbari bazaar respectively. Improvement in basic infrastructure such as, clean water supply, sanitation facilities, adequate drainage and ice facilities are recommended by the present study.
Analysis of Occupational Hazard of Fish Smoking Among Fisher-Folks in Coastal...AI Publications
The study analyzed the occupational health hazards of fish smoking among fisher-folks in the coastal areas of Ondo State, Nigeria and further proffered strategies for their management and control. Fish smoking combines the effects of drying, heating, and smoking coupled with salting. The pre-treatment involves gutting, splitting and smoking using firewood. Smoking is the oldest, convectional and most common methods used where the heat from the fire dries the fish while chemicals from the smoke impregnate the flesh. Simple random sampling technique was used in the selection of 120 fisher-folks as sample size. Descriptive statistics were used for the objectives while Pearson Product Moment Correlation was used to test the hypotheses. Fish processing, the activities associated with fish and fish products between the time fish were caught or harvested, and the time the final product is delivered to the customer is fraught with potential hazards and risks which are categorized into occupational, environmental, food safety and public health. In the study area, it was observed that female dominated the processing sector (70%) and majority are married and educated up to secondary level. They have spent 5-10 years in the fish smoking business. Results of correlation showed that positive and significant relationship existed between occupational health hazards and income loss. Major occupational hazards recorded in the study areas are; redness and swelling of the eyes which is the commonest, chronic obstructive respiratory diseases, stress related health problems sting from fish spines, knife cuts, snake bites while fetching firewood (physical), parasitic and pathogenic infection (biological), hazards from disinfectant used (chemical), broken bones and dislocation, back strain (ergonomic), prolong work hour and high mental demand (psychosocial). Fish smoking also has some challenges. Fish industry stakeholders should therefore ensure that guidelines and policies which promote an environmentally friendly and sustainable industry are instituted and enforced.
Bush meat sold on the markets in Kisangani: analysis addressed to the right o...IJEAB
In order to identify the game species sold on the central market of Kisangani and to check up the respectability of the regulation of hunting by the Congolese population, we collected data from January to August 2009 and from December 2014 to May 2015. The results indicate that 29,525 game carcasses marketed, belong to 8 orders, 13 families and at least 27 species. On the central market of Kisangani, Artiodactyla (40.06%) are the most sold followed by Primates (37.79%). The family Bovidae (37.98%) is the most represented followed by Cercopithecidae (37.61%). Based on counting carcasses, Cercopithecus sp (35.35%), followed by Cephalophus monticola (22.96%) are the most sold. The Low n° 82-002 which regulates hunting is not observed in Kisangani, as well as the ministerial decree n° 14/003 of 11 February 2014 relating to the conservation of nature. In fact, the regular hunting period is not observed. In addition, Loxodonta africana, Manis gigantea, Okapia johnstoni, and Pan troglodytes which are totally protected, Cephalophus sylvicultor, Potamochoerus porcus, and Syncerus caffer nanus which are partially protected are exploited. Therefore, it is essential to implement mechanisms for integrated management of wild fauna which respect the Congolese legislation and international conventions.
Similar to Market Indices of Fish Products Sold in Makurdi Metropolis, Nigeria (20)
The Statutory Interpretation of Renewable Energy Based on Syllogism of Britis...AI Publications
The current production for energy consumption generates harmful impacts of carbon dioxide to the environment causing instability to sustainable development goals. The constitutional reforms of British Government serve to be an important means of resolving any encountered incompatibilities to political environment. This study aims to evaluate green economy using developed equation for renewable energy towards political polarization of corporate governance. The Kano Model Assessment is used to measure the equivalency of 1970 Patents Act to UK Intellectual Property tabulating the criteria for the fulfillment of sustainable development goals in respect to the environment, artificial intelligence, and dynamic dichotomy of administrative agencies and presidential restriction, as statutory interpretation development to renewable energy. The constitutional forms of British government satisfy the sustainable development goals needed to fight climate change, advocate healthy ecosystem, promote leadership of magnates, and delegate responsibilities towards green economy. The presidential partisanship must be observed to delineate parties of concerns and execute the government prescriptions in equivalence to the dichotomous relationship of technology and the environment in fulfilling the rights and privileges of all citizens. Hence, the political elites can execute corporate governance towards sustainable development of renewable energy promoting environmental parks and zero emission target of carbon dioxide discharges. The economic theory developed in statutory interpretation for renewable energy serves as a tool to reduce detrimental impacts of carbon dioxide to the environment, mitigate climate change, and produce artefacts of bioenergy and artificial intelligence promoting sustainable development. It is suggested to explore other vulnerabilities of artificial intelligence to prosper economic success.
Enhancement of Aqueous Solubility of Piroxicam Using Solvent Deposition SystemAI Publications
Piroxicam is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is characterized by low solubility-high permeability. The present study was designed to improve the dissolution rate of piroxicam at the physiological pH's through its increased solubility by using solvent deposition system.
Analysis of Value Chain of Cow Milk: The Case of Itang Special Woreda, Gambel...AI Publications
Ethiopia has a long and rich history of dairy farming, which was mostly carried out by small and marginal farmers who raised cattle, camels, goats, and sheep, among other species, for milk. Finding the Itang Special Woreda cow milk value chain is the study's main goal. In order to gather primary data, 204 smallholder dairy farmer households were randomly selected, and the market concentration ratio was calculated using 20 traders. Descriptive statistics, econometric models, and rank analysis were used to achieve the above specified goals. Out of all the participants in the milk value chain, producers, cafés, hotels, and dairy cooperatives had the largest gross marketing margins, accounting for 100% of the consumer price in channels I and II, 55% in channels III and V, and 25.5% in channels V. The number of children under five, the number of milking cows owned, the amount of money from non-dairy sources, the frequency of extension service contacts, the amount of milk produced each day, and the availability of market information were found to have an impact on smallholders' involvement in the milk market. Numerous obstacles also limited the amount of milk produced and marketed. The poll claims that general health issues, sickness, predators, and a lack of veterinary care are plaguing farmers. In order to address the issue of milk perishability, the researchers recommended the host community and organization to construct an agro milk processor, renovate the dairy cooperative in the study region, and restructure the current conventional marketing to lower the transaction and cost of milk marketing.
Minds and Machines: Impact of Emotional Intelligence on Investment Decisions ...AI Publications
In the evolving landscape of financial decision-making, this study delves into the intricate relationships among Emotional Intelligence (EI), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Investment Decisions (ID). By scrutinizing the direct influence of human emotional intelligence on investment choices and elucidating the mediating role of AI in this process, our research seeks to unravel the complex interplay between minds and machines. Through empirical analysis, we reveal that EI not only directly impacts ID but also exerts its influence indirectly through AI-mediated pathways. The findings underscore the pivotal role of emotional awareness in investor decision-making, augmented by the technological capabilities of AI. It suggests that most investors are influenced by the identified emotional intelligence when making investment decisions. Furthermore, AI substantially impacts investors' decision-making process when it comes to investing; nevertheless, AI partially mediates the relationship between emotional intelligence and investment decisions. This nuanced understanding provides valuable insights for financial practitioners, policymakers, and researchers, emphasizing the need for holistic strategies that integrate emotional and technological dimensions in navigating the intricacies of modern investment landscapes. As the synergy between human intuition and artificial intelligence becomes increasingly integral to financial decision-making, this study contributes to the ongoing discourse on the symbiotic relationship between minds and machines in investments.0
Bronchopulmonary cancers are common cancers with a poor prognosis. It is the leading cause of death by cancer in Algeria and in the world. Behind this unfavorable prognosis hides numerous disparities according to age, sex, and exposure to risk factors, ranking 4th among incident cancers and developing countries including Algeria, all sexes combined. It ranks 2nd cancers in men and 3rd among women. Whatever the age observed, the incidence of this cancer is higher in men than in women, however the gap is narrowing to the detriment of the latter. The results of scientific research agree to relate trends in incidence and mortality rates to tobacco consumption, including passive smoking. Furthermore, other risk factors are mentioned such as exposure to asbestos in the workplace or to radon for the general population, or even genetic predisposition. However, the weight of these etiological and/or predisposing factors is in no way comparable to that of tobacco in the genesis of lung cancer and the resulting mortality. We provide a literature review in our article on the descriptive and analytical epidemiology of lung cancer.
Further analysis on Organic agriculture and organic farming in case of Thaila...AI Publications
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Market Indices of Fish Products Sold in Makurdi Metropolis, Nigeria
1. International journal of Horticulture, Agriculture and Food science(IJHAF) [Vol-2, Issue-4, Jul-Aug, 2018]
https://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijhaf.2.4.4 ISSN: 2456-8635
www.aipublications.com Page | 137
Market Indices of Fish Products Sold in
Makurdi Metropolis, Nigeria
Ashiko, Felix Terfa Gaase1, Akange, Edward Terhemen2, Ucherwuhe, Samuel
Iorver3
1Department of Agribusiness, University of Agriculture, PMB 2373, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria, ashikoter@yahoo.com,
+2347035842599
2Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, University of Agriculture, PMB 2373, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria.
akangeter@gmail.com, +2347037157305
3Department of Business Administration, University of Agriculture, PMB 2373, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria.
sigbabee@gmail.com. +2348077181402
Corresponding Author: Akange E.T., +2347037157305, akangeter@gmail.com
Abstract— The market indices of fish products sold in
Makurdi Metropoliswasstudied to ascertain the possible
market variables that drive fish marketing in Makurdi. A
total of 100 Structured and Semi-structured
questionnaires were administered to fish retailers during
the research period that lasted for three months
(November 2016 - January 2017). 34 (49.30%)
Respondentshad been into fish marketing or <10 years of
whom 54 (78.30%) had non-formal education and used
family members (58%) in the business. It was observed
that the rural/village markets (22, 31.90%) had the
highest sale using wholesale bargain (40, 58.00%) as the
unit of sale. The fish sold were mostly from fishermen
(54%) and could earn for the retailers a mean net profit
of N11,492.03. Spoilage was noted to be the major
marketing challenge. It was concluded that adequate
measures should be put in place to improve the
preservation practice of the catch.
Keywords— Market indices, fish products, Retailers,
Makurdi Metropolis, River Benue.
I. INTRODUCTION
The demand for fish products like any other need of man
has been on the rise especially due to the increasing
population and the increasing awareness of the health
values of fish and fish products. Fish products are known
to have polyunsaturated fatty acids PUFAs ( EPA,
eicosapentaenoic acid and DHA, docosahexaenoic acid
and omega 3 fatty acids) which are not associated with
cardiovascular diseases. In this way, people prone to high
blood pressure and other ageing diseases have placed
demand on fish products much more than other protein
sources increasing the demand gap. In Nigeria, demand
for fish has been reported to be doubling as other sources
of animal protein become expensive due to the ever-
increasing human population and high production cost of
other protein sources (Akolisa and Okonji, 2005).
To make fish available to consumers at the right time and
in the right place requires an effective marketing system.
The operation of such marketing system is premised on
the market indices of fish products necessary for guiding
productive practices in the distribution and sale of fish
products. These market indices include collection of fish,
transportation to landing sites, processing and
preservation, packing (packaging the fish), transportation
to market centers, pricing, buying and
consumption/utilization.
Artisanal fish production in Benue State between 1994
and 1998 was at the average of 1207 metric tonnes per
annum which was 0.8% of total fish production from the
inland states and 0.4% of the total fish production by all
the states of the Federation (FDF, 2008). Although
production from capture fisheries has been on the decline,
the number of people going into fishing showed a
pronounced annualincrease in both the Marine and Inland
states (Agishi, 1996). The Benue River, about 1000km
upstream joins the Niger, seasonal floods inundate the
flood plains (Hughes and Hughes, 1992). As the flood
recedes, a multitude of ponds and swamps are left behind
in which fish are abundant. Retention of water in these
ponds lasts for a long period because the flood plains are
rich in salt and alluvial clays and a small percentage of
sand which do not allow high rates of seepage.
It is also imperative to study the market indices and
dynamics so as to cope with product peculiarity of fish
products which makes it rather difficult to market due to
rapid spoilage. Gupta and Gupta (2006) reported that fish
is a highly perishable commodity that undergo spoilage as
soon as it is harvested, the spoilage process (Rigor mortis)
starts within 12 hours of their catch in the high ambient
temperatures of the tropics and once spoilage sets in the
2. International journal of Horticulture, Agriculture and Food science(IJHAF) [Vol-2, Issue-4, Jul-Aug, 2018]
https://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijhaf.2.4.4 ISSN: 2456-8635
www.aipublications.com Page | 138
odour/flavour, texture, colour and sometimes the
chemical composition changes. As such good knowledge
of its marketing is essential as regards its product safety
and profitability in its sales.
There is a widening gap between production and demand
due to inadequate demand information which is capable
of hindering optimization of production and marketing in
the fish production sub-sector (Ajana, 1999). Therefore a
study of this nature is imperative to examine strategies to
effective marketing and with a view to examine the
constraints associated with the effective marketing. In
order to balance the shortfall between fish production and
high increase in fish demand, there is need for obtaining
marketing information on fish retailers in Makurdi
metropolis this would provide useful criteria judgment on
the source of fish supply and markets with most sales of
fish in Makurdi as well as the economic analysis of
variables.
The research work characterized the demography of
respondents and provided information regarding fish by
retailers to make amendments or control a number of
lapses that may be affecting marketing of fish in terms of
fish spoilage, low patronage, cost of transportation,
government tax and theft and highlighted the benefits of
in Makurdi metropolis. Knowledge of the market indices
would afford stakeholders the opportunity to formulate
policies that would aid robust marketing dynamics in a
manner that would create better marketing options for fish
and fish products.
II. MATERIALS AND METHODS
The Benue River, about 1000km upstream joins the
Niger, seasonal floods inundate the flood plains (Hughes
and Hughes, 1992). As the flood recedes, a multitude of
ponds and swamps are left behind in which fish are
abundant. Retention of water in these ponds lasts for a
long period because the flood plains are rich in salt and
alluvial clays and a small percentage of sand which do not
allow high rates of seepage.
Makurdi is located in Benue valley with the river Benue
which is a major tributary of the River Niger which rises
in the mountains of central Cameroon and flow South –
West for 1500km before joining the River Niger in
Central Nigeria flowing through it (Sarch et al., 1997).
A total of 100 questionnaires were administered to fish
retailers during the research period that lasted for three
months (November 2016 - January 2017). Stratified
random sampling techniques was used to identify
households within the community to provide information
on retailers, grouped depending on the nearest major
markets and fishing communities within each division
then randomly sampled for questioning. Structured and
Semi-structured were used to obtain information from
respondents. The information collected included the
marketing of fish.
III. RESULTS
Table 1 shows the demographic characteristics of fish
retailers in Makurdi Metropolis. It was observed that
49.30% of the respondents spent 1-10 years in fish
marketing. This was followed by respondent’s years in
fish trading above 30 years (20.30%) and years ranging
from 21-30 years (17.40%) and 11-20 years (13.00%).
Respondents with non-formal education had the highest
percentage (78.30%) followed by respondents with
secondary education (8.70%) and respondents with
tertiary education representing 7.20%. the lowest
percentage of 5.80% was recorded for respondents with
primary education. The type of labour engaged, had
58.00% representing family members and hired labour
recorded 42.00%.
Table.1: Demographic Characteristics of Fish Retailers
in Makurdi Metropolis
Variables Frequency Percentage
Years in Fish
Trading
1-10 34 49.30
11-20 09 13.00
21-30 12 17.40
>30 14 20.30
Educational
Status
Non-formal
Education
54 78.30
Primary 04 5.80
Secondary 06 8.70
Tertiary 05 7.20
Type of Labour
Engaged
Hired 29 42.00
Family
members
40 58.00
Table 2 shows the marketing information. For the purpose
of distinct periods in seasons of most sales, the study
period was grouped into two, i.e. rainy season with
82.60% and dry season recorded 17.40%. Rural
market/villages (21.90%) had the highest sales followed
by the urban market (26.10%), other towns outside
Makurdi (23.20%) and by the river bank (18.80%). The
marketing groups were retailers (68.10%), rural
assemblers (18.80%), wholesalers (7.20%) consumers and
non-specific or others with the same percentages as
(2.90%). The unit of sales were wholesale bargain
(58.70%), basket (30.40%) and by weighing (11.60%).
The determinations of unit price were local market price
3. International journal of Horticulture, Agriculture and Food science(IJHAF) [Vol-2, Issue-4, Jul-Aug, 2018]
https://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijhaf.2.4.4 ISSN: 2456-8635
www.aipublications.com Page | 139
(50.70%), other fishermen’s prices (38.40%), price fixed
by trade associations (8.70%), and haggling (5.80%).
Sources of marketing information were radio (62.30%),
cell phone (15.90%), television (10.10%), interpersonal
interaction (8.70%) and newspaper (2.90%).
Table.2: Market Information of Fish Sold in Makurdi
Variables Frequency Percentage
Season of Most Sales
Dry 12 17.40
Rainy 57 82.60
Market with most
sales
By river bank 13 18.80
Urban markets 18 26.10
Rural
Markets/villages
22 31.90
Others towns
outside Makurdi
16 23.20
Marketing Groups
Wholesalers 05 7.20
Retailers 47 68.10
Rural Assembly 13 18.80
Consumers 02 2.90
Others 02 2.90
Unit of sales
Kilogramme 08 11.60
Basket 21 30.40
Others (wholesale
bargain)
40 58.00
Determination of Unit
Price
Haggling 04 5.80
Other fishermen’s
prices
24 34.80
Price Fixed by
Trader Association
06 8.70
Local Market Price 35 50.70
Customer Incentives
Accommodation 13 18.80
Discount 54 78.30
Others 02 2.90
Marketing
Information
Newspaper 02 2.90
Television 07 10.10
Radio 43 62.30
Cell phone 11 15.90
Interpersonal
Interaction
06 8.70
The various fish traders associations in the study area are
presented in figure 1. They include Awualu Cooperative
Society (45.00%), Agajuana Cooperative Society
(44.00%), Fish Women Traders (15.00%) and Fresh Fish
Women Association (4.00%).
Fig.1: Traders Associations of Fish in Makurdi
Figure 2 shows the markets with most sales of fish
products and are presented with their various percentages
Wadata (33.00%), Gboko/Wannune (17.00%),
Daudu/Utyondu (15.00%), Wurukum (7.00%),
Apir/Ikpayongu (5.00%), Agan (4.00%) and finally others
or non-specific(3.00%).
Fig.2: Markets with Most Sales of Fish Products
Respondents obtained their fish product from four
sources. Figure 3 shows the percentage distribution of
fish supply by respondents. Fishermen constituted the
major sources with (53.60%) followed by both fishermen
and aquaculture (36.20%) and others from non-specific
suppliers (8.70%).
0
10
20
30
40
50
Agajuanu
Coop. soc.
Fresh Fish
Women
Assoc.
Awualu
Coop. Soc
Fish
Women
Traders
PercentageResponse(%)
Traders Association
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
PercentageResponse(%)
Fish Markets
54%
1%
36%
9%
Fishermen
4. International journal of Horticulture, Agriculture and Food science(IJHAF) [Vol-2, Issue-4, Jul-Aug, 2018]
https://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijhaf.2.4.4 ISSN: 2456-8635
www.aipublications.com Page | 140
Fig.3: Sources of Fish Available for Sale in Makurdi
Metropolis
Marketing problems in the study area are presented in
figure 4 with their various percentages, fish spoilage
(50.00%), low patronage (30.00%), cost of transportation
(10.00%) and theft (5.00%).
Fig.4: Marketing Problems of Fish Products in Makurdi
Respondents suggested Solutions to marketing problems
observed are presented in figure 5. According to the
majority of respondents, providing preservation facilities
by the government should be given a number one priority
( 35.00%), other suggested solutions were Security of
fisher folks (15.00%), early arrival of fish (14.00%), loan
facility for fish vendors (11.00%), standardizing price and
awareness of nutritive value of fish (4.00%).
Table 3 shows the economic analysis of fish marketing in
Makurdi Metropolis. The mean sales was N 44,289.85
and the total expenditure was valued at N2,284.78. The
gross margin was estimated at N13,776.81 while the net
profit was valued at N11,492.03.
Fig.5: Solutions to Marketing Problems of Fish
Marketing in Makurdi Metropolis
IV. DISCUSSION
It was observed that the respondents with non-formal
education were the highest number of fish sellers.
Artisanal fisheries subsector is usually noted to be
predominated by uneducated members of the society.
This agreed with the earlier findings of Njoku (2004) and
Samson (2006). Due to their poor educational
backgrounds, they tend to elude standardized pricing and
sales. This explains why wholesale bargain was recorded
highest as the widely used unit of sales. This unit of sales
favour the second-tier middlemen who have the
propensity of taking advantage of the fast spoilage of fish
against the fishermen and the first-tier retailers. Sales
were also dominated by local/village markets for the
reason that, the actual fishermen who did the catch and
their families (who formed the first-tier retailers) had
difficulty keeping the fish over long period and instead
sold at point of catch.
Wadata market was observed to be the market with most
sales due to its location. Large quantity of fish is brought
to the market from Agatu settlement via water-transport
in addition to the catch from the river Benue. Second-tier
Retailers take advantage of the inabilities of the rural
fishermen to keep the caught fish beyond certain time
periods. Ali et al., (2008) also observed that fresh fish
products in Maiduguri were mostly transported to other
stations where they were not caught by retailers.
Table.3: Economic Analysis of Fish Marketing in Makurdi Metropolis
Income Expenditure
Variable Min Max Mean (N) Variable Min Max Mean (N)
Sales 3,000 85,000 44,289.85 Transportation 150 8,000 1,150.00
Market Charges 100 15,000 1,196.92
Others 100 5,000 2,550.00
Total - - 44,289.85 - - 2,284.78
Gross Margin 13,776.81
Net Profit 11,492.03
Spoilage was noted as the major challenge of marketing
fresh fish in Makurdi Metropolis.
This is essentially explained from the fact that, fish
deteriorates much faster than any food product followed
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
PercentageResponse(%)
Marketing Challenges
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
PercentageResponse(%)
Solutions to Marketing Challenges
5. International journal of Horticulture, Agriculture and Food science(IJHAF) [Vol-2, Issue-4, Jul-Aug, 2018]
https://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijhaf.2.4.4 ISSN: 2456-8635
www.aipublications.com Page | 141
by unpasteurized milk (Eyo, 2001). Tomek and Robinson
(1981) reported that fish supply and marketing suffer
from various set back ranging from shortage of supply,
price fluctuation due to drying up of source, poor
distribution and length of chain, spoilage in transit etc.
The minimum sales made estimated could likely be from
the first-tier retailers while the maximum sales were made
by retailers who could transport the fish to urban markets
for sale. The mean sales only represented the wide range
of sales of fish from the various retailers. It is therefore
established that although fish marketing could be a
profitable venture, the second-tier retailers are better-off
in terms of profit due to the inability of the fishermen and
first-tier retailer to prolonging the keeping-time of the
catch.
In improving the food security programme of the nation,
fish which is considered the most readily available protein
source should be given keen attention. The depleting
catch from the wild has been a worrisome national issue.
Adequate measures should be put in place to improve the
preservation practice of the catch. This would not only
improve the profit margin of the fishermen but also
guarantee product quality and safety.
V. CONCLUSION
It was concluded that a majority of the fish sellers get
their fish product from fishermen for trading. Their most
prominent challenge in the business was high spoilage
which opine government intervention in the provision of
storage facilities could solve the problem. They however
make appreciable profits in spite of these challenges.
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