This document discusses the design, analysis, and optimization of racing car chassis for structural performance. It describes how a space frame chassis design was chosen and modeled in CATIA software. An analysis of the chassis design was performed using finite element analysis in ANSYS to evaluate stresses and deflections from front, rear, lateral and rollover impacts. SAE 1018 steel was selected as the material for its strength, availability, and weldability. The analysis found maximum von Mises stresses of 193.112 MPa and 272.391MPa from rear and front impacts respectively, which provide safety factors above 1.4. The design process and analysis aimed to achieve a rigid yet lightweight chassis for improved racing performance.
A review on stress analysis and weight reduction of automobile chassiseSAT Journals
Abstract
Chassis is the term used to define the basic structure of the vehicle. It is also referred to as carrying unit as all the units including
body are mounted on it. There are various loads acting on the chassis like inertia loads, static loads, over loads, etc. also it has to
withstand the forces induced due to sudden braking and acceleration. In this paper a review has been made on the stress analysis
of chassis by finite element analysis software packages like ANSYS, HyperWorks, etc. Weight reduction is gaining importance as
the designers are trying to reduce the excess weight form the existing vehicle design. A review of the various techniques for weight
reduction for the chassis is presented.
Keywords: chassis, finite element analysis, weight reduction, ANSYS
Topology optimization of a metal bracket using Inspire by Altair.
The project's main objective:
- Familiarization with topology optimization software (Inspire).
- Problem solving.
- FEA of optimized design.
SIZE OPTIMIZATION DESIGN OF THREEWHEELED MOTORCYCLE FRAME WITH CARGO BOXIAEME Publication
A size optimization design method for the frame of a three-wheeled motorcycle
with a cargo box is proposed considering high load and motion conditions that may
occur under straight-driving and curve-driving conditions. The existing frame of a
three-wheeled motorcycle with a cargo box was compared with the frame under high
load through finite-element analysis by applying longitudinal bending and torsion,
and the thicknesses of the members that exceeded allowable stress were optimized
using the design of experiments. The comparison and analysis of both the existing
model and the optimally designed model confirmed that the frame strength was
improved compared with the existing frame.
A review on stress analysis and weight reduction of automobile chassiseSAT Journals
Abstract
Chassis is the term used to define the basic structure of the vehicle. It is also referred to as carrying unit as all the units including
body are mounted on it. There are various loads acting on the chassis like inertia loads, static loads, over loads, etc. also it has to
withstand the forces induced due to sudden braking and acceleration. In this paper a review has been made on the stress analysis
of chassis by finite element analysis software packages like ANSYS, HyperWorks, etc. Weight reduction is gaining importance as
the designers are trying to reduce the excess weight form the existing vehicle design. A review of the various techniques for weight
reduction for the chassis is presented.
Keywords: chassis, finite element analysis, weight reduction, ANSYS
Topology optimization of a metal bracket using Inspire by Altair.
The project's main objective:
- Familiarization with topology optimization software (Inspire).
- Problem solving.
- FEA of optimized design.
SIZE OPTIMIZATION DESIGN OF THREEWHEELED MOTORCYCLE FRAME WITH CARGO BOXIAEME Publication
A size optimization design method for the frame of a three-wheeled motorcycle
with a cargo box is proposed considering high load and motion conditions that may
occur under straight-driving and curve-driving conditions. The existing frame of a
three-wheeled motorcycle with a cargo box was compared with the frame under high
load through finite-element analysis by applying longitudinal bending and torsion,
and the thicknesses of the members that exceeded allowable stress were optimized
using the design of experiments. The comparison and analysis of both the existing
model and the optimally designed model confirmed that the frame strength was
improved compared with the existing frame.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
CADmantra Technologies Pvt. Ltd. is one of the best Cad training company in northern zone in India . which are provided many types of courses in cad field i.e AUTOCAD,SOLIDWORK,CATIA,CRE-O,Uniraphics-NX, CNC, REVIT, STAAD.Pro. And many courses
Contact: www.cadmantra.com
www.cadmantra.blogspot.com
www.cadmantra.wix.com
FE Analysis of Hollow Propeller Shaft using Steel and Composite Material then...ijsrd.com
Conventional Drive shaft have less specific modulus and strength, increased weight. But the drive shaft made of composite material have advantages like they have high specific modulus and strength, reduced weight, lower fuel consumption. Different available composite material are like Boron epoxy, E-glass, Kevlar epoxy, etc. They have lighter in weight, longer life with higher critical speed and may be optimized the design. The drive shaft of TATA-407 was chosen, the modelling of the drive shaft assembly was done using Solid works and ANSYS used for predicting analysis results. To estimate stresses under subjected loads using FEA Further comparisons carried out for both steel and composite material.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Structural and Fatigue Analysis of Two Wheeler Lighter Weight Alloy WheelIOSR Journals
Importance of wheel in the automobile is obvious. The vehicle may be towed without the engine but
at the same time even that is also not possible without the wheels, the wheels along the tire has to carry the
vehicle load, provide cushioning effect and cope with the steering control. Generally wheel spokes are the
supports consisting of a radial member of a wheel joining the hub to the rim. The most commonly used materials
for making Wheel spokes are with features of excellent lightness, thermal conductivity, corrosion resistance,
characteristics of casting, low temperature, high damping property, machine processing and recycling, etc. This
metal main advantage is reduced weight, high accuracy and design choices of the wheel. This metal is useful for
energy conservation because it is possible to re-cycle. Spokes make vehicles look great but at the same time they
require attention in maintenance. To perform their functions best, the spokes must be kept under the right
amount of tension. The two main types of motorcycle rims are solid wheels, in which case the rim and spokes
are all cast as one unit and the other spoke wheels, where the motorcycle rims are laced with spokes. These
types of wheels require unusually high spoke tension, since the load is carried by fewer spokes. If a spoke does
break, the wheel generally becomes instantly unridable also the hub may break. Presently, for motor-cycles
Aluminium alloy wheels are used, currently now replacing by new magnesium alloy due its better properties
than Al-alloy. An important implication of this paper or the problem stated here is to “analyse the stress and the
displacement distribution comparing the results obtained”. In addition, this work extends Proper analysis of the
wheel plays an important role for the safety of the rider. This paper deals with the static &fatigue analysis of the
wheel. The present work attempts to analyse the safe load of the alloy wheel, which will indicate the safe drive is
possible. A typical alloy wheel configuration of Suzuki GS150R commercial vehicle is chosen for study. Finite
element analysis has been carried out to determine the safe stresses and pay loads
Finite Element Analysis and Design Optimization of Connecting RodIJERA Editor
The objective of this study is to improve the design of connecting rod of single cylinder four stroke Otto cycle
engine by shape optimization. The main objective of this study is weight reduction of connecting rod and
improving its performance without affecting its functionality. Finite element analysis is one of the most
important tools of CAD/CAM CAE. For this study ANSYS analysis software is used for modeling, analysis and
shape design optimization. Initially, according to design considerations maximum loads were calculated for
various maximum operating loading conditions. Calculated loads used as a loading condition in various load
steps of FEM analysis. Stresses generated across all the locations of connecting rod evaluated using ANSYS
Workbench. For optimization ANSYS Shape optimization module is used and extracted the required shape of
connecting rod. Final CAD model of optimized connecting rod is prepared in Design Modeler. Static structural
analysis of modified design is performed and the results compared with baseline design. After result are
validated with the help of Modified Goodman’s Diagram. From the shape optimization we could able to achieve
14.73% weight reduction in existing connecting rod. Since the optimized design is having sufficient life, the
design is much improved as compared to the existing design
Modeling, simulation and optimization analysis of steering knuckle component ...eSAT Journals
Abstract Light weight and low fuel consumption are the two main demands for a vehicle, particularly for a race car. Steering knuckle, as one of the critical components of a race car, is the main subject in the present study. A light weight and optimized design of steering knuckle is proposed to be used for an EIMARace race car; a small high-performance formula-style car, with suitable material selection as well as valid finite element analysis and optimization studies. First part of this study involves modeling of steering knuckles and analysis of the stresses and displacement under actual load conditions. A CAD and FEA software; SolidWorks, is applied for modeling as well as for static analysis studies. Shape optimization is the second part of this study, utilizing solid Thinking software from Altair Engineering packages. The improved design obtained had achieved 45.8% reduction of mass while meeting the strength requirement. Keywords: Steering knuckle, FEA, Optimization, Race car.
Finite Element Analysis of Fire Truck Chassis for Steel and Carbon Fiber Mate...IJERA Editor
Chassis is the foremost component of an automobile that acts as the frame to support the vehicle body. Hence the frame ought to be very rigid and robust enough to resist shocks vibrations and stresses acting on a moving vehicle. Steel in its numerous forms is commonly used material for producing chassis and overtime alumimium has acquired its use. However, in this study traditional materials are replaced with ultra light weight carbon fiber materials. High strength and low weight of carbon fibers makes it ideal for manufacturing automotive chassis. This paper depicts the modal and static structural analysis of TATA 407 fire truck chassis frame for steel as well as carbon fibers. From the analyzed results, stress, strain and total deformation values were compared for both the materials. Since it is easy to analyze structural systems by finite element method, the chassis is modified using PRO-E and the Finite Element Analysis is performed on ANSYS workbench.
Structural Analysis of Ladder Chassis Frame for Jeep Using Ansys IJMER
Automotive chassis frame is an important part of an automobile. The automotive chassis
frame is the structural backbone of any vehicle. The main function of chassis frame is to support the
body, different parts of an automobile and topayload placed upon it.The chassis frame has to withstand
the stresses developed as well as deformation occurs in it and to withstand the shock, twist vibration
and other stresses. Its principle function is to carry the maximum load for all designed operating
condition safelythat should be within a limit. On chassis, frame maximum shear stress and deflection
under maximum load are important criteria for design andanalysis. In these projects, we
havecalculated the von mises stress and shear stress for the chassis frame and the finite element
analysis has been donefor the validation on the chassis frame model of jeep. We have taken certain
material as Mild sheet steel, aluminium alloy and titanium alloy for the rectangular hollow box type to
design chassis frame of jeep.
Software used in this project, CATIA V5-[Product 1] for design purpose and ANSYS 14 is used for
analysis.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
CADmantra Technologies Pvt. Ltd. is one of the best Cad training company in northern zone in India . which are provided many types of courses in cad field i.e AUTOCAD,SOLIDWORK,CATIA,CRE-O,Uniraphics-NX, CNC, REVIT, STAAD.Pro. And many courses
Contact: www.cadmantra.com
www.cadmantra.blogspot.com
www.cadmantra.wix.com
FE Analysis of Hollow Propeller Shaft using Steel and Composite Material then...ijsrd.com
Conventional Drive shaft have less specific modulus and strength, increased weight. But the drive shaft made of composite material have advantages like they have high specific modulus and strength, reduced weight, lower fuel consumption. Different available composite material are like Boron epoxy, E-glass, Kevlar epoxy, etc. They have lighter in weight, longer life with higher critical speed and may be optimized the design. The drive shaft of TATA-407 was chosen, the modelling of the drive shaft assembly was done using Solid works and ANSYS used for predicting analysis results. To estimate stresses under subjected loads using FEA Further comparisons carried out for both steel and composite material.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Structural and Fatigue Analysis of Two Wheeler Lighter Weight Alloy WheelIOSR Journals
Importance of wheel in the automobile is obvious. The vehicle may be towed without the engine but
at the same time even that is also not possible without the wheels, the wheels along the tire has to carry the
vehicle load, provide cushioning effect and cope with the steering control. Generally wheel spokes are the
supports consisting of a radial member of a wheel joining the hub to the rim. The most commonly used materials
for making Wheel spokes are with features of excellent lightness, thermal conductivity, corrosion resistance,
characteristics of casting, low temperature, high damping property, machine processing and recycling, etc. This
metal main advantage is reduced weight, high accuracy and design choices of the wheel. This metal is useful for
energy conservation because it is possible to re-cycle. Spokes make vehicles look great but at the same time they
require attention in maintenance. To perform their functions best, the spokes must be kept under the right
amount of tension. The two main types of motorcycle rims are solid wheels, in which case the rim and spokes
are all cast as one unit and the other spoke wheels, where the motorcycle rims are laced with spokes. These
types of wheels require unusually high spoke tension, since the load is carried by fewer spokes. If a spoke does
break, the wheel generally becomes instantly unridable also the hub may break. Presently, for motor-cycles
Aluminium alloy wheels are used, currently now replacing by new magnesium alloy due its better properties
than Al-alloy. An important implication of this paper or the problem stated here is to “analyse the stress and the
displacement distribution comparing the results obtained”. In addition, this work extends Proper analysis of the
wheel plays an important role for the safety of the rider. This paper deals with the static &fatigue analysis of the
wheel. The present work attempts to analyse the safe load of the alloy wheel, which will indicate the safe drive is
possible. A typical alloy wheel configuration of Suzuki GS150R commercial vehicle is chosen for study. Finite
element analysis has been carried out to determine the safe stresses and pay loads
Finite Element Analysis and Design Optimization of Connecting RodIJERA Editor
The objective of this study is to improve the design of connecting rod of single cylinder four stroke Otto cycle
engine by shape optimization. The main objective of this study is weight reduction of connecting rod and
improving its performance without affecting its functionality. Finite element analysis is one of the most
important tools of CAD/CAM CAE. For this study ANSYS analysis software is used for modeling, analysis and
shape design optimization. Initially, according to design considerations maximum loads were calculated for
various maximum operating loading conditions. Calculated loads used as a loading condition in various load
steps of FEM analysis. Stresses generated across all the locations of connecting rod evaluated using ANSYS
Workbench. For optimization ANSYS Shape optimization module is used and extracted the required shape of
connecting rod. Final CAD model of optimized connecting rod is prepared in Design Modeler. Static structural
analysis of modified design is performed and the results compared with baseline design. After result are
validated with the help of Modified Goodman’s Diagram. From the shape optimization we could able to achieve
14.73% weight reduction in existing connecting rod. Since the optimized design is having sufficient life, the
design is much improved as compared to the existing design
Modeling, simulation and optimization analysis of steering knuckle component ...eSAT Journals
Abstract Light weight and low fuel consumption are the two main demands for a vehicle, particularly for a race car. Steering knuckle, as one of the critical components of a race car, is the main subject in the present study. A light weight and optimized design of steering knuckle is proposed to be used for an EIMARace race car; a small high-performance formula-style car, with suitable material selection as well as valid finite element analysis and optimization studies. First part of this study involves modeling of steering knuckles and analysis of the stresses and displacement under actual load conditions. A CAD and FEA software; SolidWorks, is applied for modeling as well as for static analysis studies. Shape optimization is the second part of this study, utilizing solid Thinking software from Altair Engineering packages. The improved design obtained had achieved 45.8% reduction of mass while meeting the strength requirement. Keywords: Steering knuckle, FEA, Optimization, Race car.
Finite Element Analysis of Fire Truck Chassis for Steel and Carbon Fiber Mate...IJERA Editor
Chassis is the foremost component of an automobile that acts as the frame to support the vehicle body. Hence the frame ought to be very rigid and robust enough to resist shocks vibrations and stresses acting on a moving vehicle. Steel in its numerous forms is commonly used material for producing chassis and overtime alumimium has acquired its use. However, in this study traditional materials are replaced with ultra light weight carbon fiber materials. High strength and low weight of carbon fibers makes it ideal for manufacturing automotive chassis. This paper depicts the modal and static structural analysis of TATA 407 fire truck chassis frame for steel as well as carbon fibers. From the analyzed results, stress, strain and total deformation values were compared for both the materials. Since it is easy to analyze structural systems by finite element method, the chassis is modified using PRO-E and the Finite Element Analysis is performed on ANSYS workbench.
Structural Analysis of Ladder Chassis Frame for Jeep Using Ansys IJMER
Automotive chassis frame is an important part of an automobile. The automotive chassis
frame is the structural backbone of any vehicle. The main function of chassis frame is to support the
body, different parts of an automobile and topayload placed upon it.The chassis frame has to withstand
the stresses developed as well as deformation occurs in it and to withstand the shock, twist vibration
and other stresses. Its principle function is to carry the maximum load for all designed operating
condition safelythat should be within a limit. On chassis, frame maximum shear stress and deflection
under maximum load are important criteria for design andanalysis. In these projects, we
havecalculated the von mises stress and shear stress for the chassis frame and the finite element
analysis has been donefor the validation on the chassis frame model of jeep. We have taken certain
material as Mild sheet steel, aluminium alloy and titanium alloy for the rectangular hollow box type to
design chassis frame of jeep.
Software used in this project, CATIA V5-[Product 1] for design purpose and ANSYS 14 is used for
analysis.
A Review Design of Effective Braking and Efficient Transmission Systemijtsrd
This paper focuses on the designing, simulation and fabrication of brake disc and a constant speed two stage reduction gearbox for an All Terrain Vehicle ATV . In our paper, we have presented an efficient gearbox and brake disc which is lightweight and long lasting. The drive train consists of Continuous Variable Transmission CVT and a constant mesh two stage reduction gearbox. The gearbox and disc brake were modeled on SOLIDWORKS version 2018 and analyzed on ANSYS mechanical workbench version 2016 and the result were found to be satisfactory. Shashwat Kulshreshtha | Shantanu Tiwari | Naman Varshney | Shikhar Verma | Mayank Kushwaha "A Review: Design of Effective Braking and Efficient Transmission System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30969.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/30969/a-review-design-of-effective-braking-and-efficient-transmission-system/shashwat-kulshreshtha
collision. There are number of wheel test are available in designing of rim to fulfill the safety requirements
and standards. The aim of this study was to analyze and study the structure for car wheel rim by using the
numerical method. The most of the test procedure has to comply with international standards, which establishes
minimum mechanical requirements and impact collision characteristics of wheels. Numerical implementation of
impact test is convenient for shorten the design time and lower development cost. In this study cast aluminium
alloy wheel rim are used for simulation of impact test by using 3–D explicit finite element methods. The design
of aluminium alloy wheel for automobile application which is carried out and paying special attention to
optimization of the shape and mass of the wheel rim according to aesthetical point of view, to overcome the
wheel cap. A finite element model of the wheel with its tire and striker were developed taking account of the
nonlinearity material properties. Simulation was conducted to study the stress and displacement distributions
during impact test. The analyses results are presented as a function of time. The study is carried under the above
constraints and the results are taken to carryout for further analysis i.e. shape and weight optimization of the
wheel.
Design and Analysis of Go Kart Chassis for Front, Side and Rear Impactijtsrd
This paper deals with Go kart chassis building with the help of modelling software CATIA V15 and analysis of the same for front, side and rear impact. The cassis has been designed for light weight profile and engine mounting of capacity 135cc. The go kart vehicle is meant for participation in various Go kart event organized all over the India. The preliminary test for these events is checking of 3 D model of the chassis frame and analysis of the same chassis frame under front, side and rear impact. During collision the chassis is under impact loading conditions so it has to be thoroughly analyzed for impact loads. The studies found below shades some light on how the chassis behaves under impact loading conditions. Chassis is made up of a tubular cross section pipe, fabricated assembly of EN8 grade and a few other grades. In this kart, we have used EN8 class tube with 1 inch diameter and 1.5 mm wall thickness. The results obtained for permissible stresses, Factor of safety and deformation are found to be well within range. This makes the chassis suitable for Go kart events. The main criteria that has been focused here is maximum deformation and stress. The stresses should be well within Von mises stress range and so as the Factor of safety. After analysis, both are found to be well within range. Chetan Mahatme | Pratik Lande | Surendra Nagpure | Abhishek Pawar | Nikhil Kharabe ""Design and Analysis of Go-Kart Chassis for Front, Side and Rear Impact"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd22973.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/22973/design-and-analysis-of-go-kart-chassis-for-front-side-and-rear-impact/chetan-mahatme
The essential of car wheel rim is to provide a firm base on which to fit the tyre. Its dimensions, shape should be
suitable to adequately accommodate the particular tyre required for the vehicle. In this project a tyre of car
wheel rim belonging to the disc wheel category is considered. Design is an important industrial activity which
influences the quality of the product. The wheel rim is modeled by using modeling software catiav5r17. By
using this software the time spent in producing the complex 3- D models and the risk involved in the design and
manufacturing process can be easily minimized. So the modeling of the wheel rim is made by using CATIA.
Later this CATIA modal is imported to ANSYS WORKBENCH 14.5 for analysis work. ANSYS
WORKBENCH 14.5 is the latest software used for simulating the different forces, pressure acting on the
component and also calculating and viewing the results. By using ANSYS WORKBENCH 14.5 software
reduces the time compared with the method of mathematical calculations by a human. ANSYS WORKBENCH
14.5 static structural analysis work is carried out by considered three different materials namely aluminum alloy
,magnesium alloy and structural steel and their relative performances have been observed respectively. In
addition to wheel rim is subjected to modal analysis, a part of dynamic analysis is carried out its performance is
observed. In this analysis by observing the results of both static and dynamic analysis obtained magnesium alloy
is suggested as best material.
DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF AN INDIAN ARMY VEHICLE (A CAR FOR THE CIVIL AREA WA...ijmech
The function of this car is to provide convenience to the soldiers in the civil area warzone. Unlike other
army vehicles, this car has broad tires which works well on the road. The car has four forward gears &
four reverse gears. So after firing on the target the driver has no need to waste the time in turning the
vehicle. As the differential is fixed in all other vehicles but in this project we placed a modified moving
differential. Which changes its position between the forward and the reverse gear drive shafts. Hence
provide convenience to the gear shifting. The car has chassis less construction. i.e., the body has directly
mounted on the frame of the car with the help of fasteners. The car body is made up of fiberglass, we used
the approach of clay modeling in the designing of the molds and the virtual design of the car body is
designed under Catia V5. The parts of the car has been taken from the junkyard, the flushed cleaned,
greased or oiled , fitted , modified if needed, tested and then painted and finally assembled in the vehicle.
Design And Manufacturing Of Motorsports VehicleIJERA Editor
The objective of this project was to design and manufacture a racing vehicle for participation in various GOKARTING
competition. The vehicle was designed by using mathematical modeling and computer-aided design,
CAD and simulation by using a ANSIS software.The kart is introduced to the various on road compititions like
International Series of Karting orhanised by Mean Metal Motors and Trinity Series Trophy. Kart was having a
unique feature of Quick streeing mechamism. Additionally we have made the innovations like after tilting the
vehicle accidently above 60 degree tilting angle the engine automatically shuts off and engine starts only by
putting thr seat belt.It made the vehicle light weight, stable, efficient with having high strength and durability as
well. Main goal of our kart making was compact design, maximum performance as well as safety.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Diseño, análisis y optimización de chasis de coches de carreras por su rendimiento estructural
1. Published by : International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) http://www.ijert.org ISSN:
2278-0181
Vol. 5 Issue 07, July-2016
IJERTV5IS070313 www.ijert.org 1
(This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.)
Diseño, Análisis y Optimización de Chasis de Coches
de Carreras por su Rendimiento Estructural
Chandan S N1
M.Tech., Student (Machine Design),
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Nitte Meenakshi Institute of Technology,
Bangalore-64, India.
Sandeep G M2
Assistant Professor,
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Nitte Meenakshi Institute of Technology,
Bangalore-64, India.
Vinayaka N3
Assistant Professor,
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Nitte Meenakshi Institute of
Technology, Bangalore-64,
India.
Resumen- Las competiciones de Formula Student
Racing se llevan a cabo en varios circuitos de Fórmula
SAE a nivel mundial. El chasis sirve como el
componente importante en el diseño del coche de
carreras. Por lo tanto, se espera un análisis solícito
fuera del coche de fórmula. También se observa que el
peso del automóvil es inversamente proporcional al
rendimiento del automóvil, por lo tanto, necesita
optimización. Un sistema de protección de alta
velocidad juega un papel importante en el diseño del
coche de carreras, como el impacto frontal, el impacto
trasero, el impacto lateral y el análisis de vuelco.
Además, existe un problema de rigidez torsional en
cuanto a la dinámica se considera. Este documento
tiene como objetivo los aspectos de diseño y las ideas
de análisis del coche de carreras. El automóvil está
modelado de acuerdo con el percentil 95 macho que
puede caber dentro de la cabina del chasis. A medida
que el automóvil viaja a alta velocidad, la protección
se ha diseñado para el automóvil de tal manera que las
tensiones son mínimas y el rendimiento es máximo.
Los métodos de elementos finitos se utilizan para el
análisis y el diseño de experiencias ...
Palabras clave: Diseño, análisis de elementos finitos,
rigidez torsional, chasis de bastidor espacial tubular y
optimización
1. INTRODUCTION
El chasis es el miembro de soporte para todos los
componentes del automóvil. Soporta la carrocería, el
motor y otras partes que componen el vehículo. El
chasis proporciona el soporte completo del vehículo y
la rigidez. La propuesta del chasis automotriz es cuidar
la forma del vehículo y apoyar los cientos variados
aplicados para que la protección del chasis pueda ser
una faceta importante dentro del estilo, y se pueda
pensar en todas las etapas. El chasis se tiene en cuenta
para ser una entre las muchas estructuras de
automóviles asociados. A veces se fabrica a partir de
un marco de acero que sostiene el motor asociado a la
carrocería de un vehículo automotriz. Para ser
precisos, el chasis automotriz o el chasis del automóvil
podría ser un bastidor que atornilla numerosos
elementos mecánicos como el motor, los neumáticos,
los frenos, la dirección y los conjuntos de ejes. En
general, la clasificación esencial del chasis contiene la
columna vertebral, la escalera, el marco espacial y el
monocasco, los diferentes tipos de estilo de chasis dan
como resultado los diversos rendimientos.
2. DESIGN METHODOLOGY
Se eligió un chasis de bastidor espacial sobre una
variedad alternativa de chasis. El principio
fundamental de un diseño de chasis establece que el
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chasis debe diseñarse para lograr la rigidez torsional y
el peso ligero con el fin de lograr un buen rendimiento
de manejo de un automóvil de carreras. Por definición,
la rigidez torsional se refiere a la capacidad del chasis
para resistir la fuerza de torsión o el par. En otras
palabras, la rigidez torsional es la cantidad de par
requerida para torcer el cuadro en un grado. Durante
la entrada en la esquina, si la rigidez torsional es
demasiado pequeña, el chasis se desprenderá. Si la
rigidez torsional es demasiado grande, entonces la
entrada en la curva es difícil y conduce a la tendencia
de la dirección inferior. Estos parámetros se aplican
conjuntamente al chasis del bastidor espacial.
Generalmente, el resultado de la rigidez torsional en el
marco espacial es totalmente diferente al monocasco,
gracias a su formato de construcción. El chasis del
bastidor espacial es liviano, ya que su fabricación es
rentable, requiere ...
2.1 Basic Design
Durante las etapas iniciales del estilo de chasis se
montaron cuatro secciones transversales principales
del chasis específicamente, el aro de balanceo
delantero, el aro de balanceo principal, el cabezal de
bulto delantero y, por lo tanto, el cabezal de granel
trasero. La posición del aro más rodado se montó
teniendo en cuenta los puntos de montaje del motor
y las posiciones del eje de transmisión que se
montaron anteriormente, se utilizó un área mínima en
blanco para el motor y, por lo tanto, los elementos del
tren de transmisión y proporcionó la mayor parte del
espacio dentro del espacio de la cabina del conductor
para una mayor comodidad.
El tamaño de la cabina se tomó del libro de reglas de
SAE con gran tolerancia para incorporar el conductor
masculino del percentil 95 y un espacio de cabina más
grande para mantener las baterías e instalar el tanque
de combustible. El primer y principal paso para el
aspecto del chasis es buscar las condiciones de
contorno y, por lo tanto, la colocación de los
elementos. Teniendo esto en cuenta, hemos
comenzado a dibujar diagramas de líneas, por lo que
los transferimos a un modelo CATIA. Aunque el
análisis estaba en el otro lado de nuestro horizonte en
este punto una vez varias iteraciones y discusión,
hemos vuelto con lo último estilo de chasis que tiene
la capacidad de poseer una tensión reducida (el
análisis una parte del informe puede concentrarse
mucho en la reducción de la tensión)
El diseño está modelado en el software Catia. El
chasis final obtenido es:
Figure 1: Final Chassis Tubing
3. MATERIAL SELECTION
La clave para el buen chasis es seleccionar buenos
materiales, de hecho, los mejores. Esto nos hizo
pensarlo dos veces antes de seleccionar el
material. Para este propósito hicimos una extensa
investigación sobre los materiales. Los principales
factores para nuestra comparación se basaron
completamente en la resistencia, el peso, el costo,
la disponibilidad, la resistencia a la corrosión y la
soldabilidad. Los dos materiales muy utilizados
para hacer el chasis del bastidor espacial son el
acero al cromo molibdeno (Chromoly) y SAE-AISI
1018. Ambos materiales fueron analizados para
diferentes parámetros. Basado en la resistencia y
disponibilidad de la soldadura. Por lo tanto, el
acero siempre es adecuado. Al recubrir el material
apropiado, se puede resistir la corrosión.
Descubrimos que AISI SAE 1018 es adecuado para
nuestra aplicación.
Las propiedades de los materiales elegidos son
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Table 1: Material properties
Material SAE 1018
Tensile strength 630 MPa
Yield strength 385MPa
Poisson’s ratio 0.29
Modulus of elasticity 210 GPa
% elongation 27
Carbon 0.182%
Manganese 0.645%
Sulphur 0.64%
Phosphor 0.03
Geometry Circular Hallow tube
Weld ability Good
4. ANALYSIS
Los cálculos teóricos manuales de todo el chasis van a
ser extremadamente difíciles debido a la complejidad
en el manejo de las ecuaciones, para reducir el
esfuerzo humano, las formas de la máquina se utilizan
ampliamente para el análisis y la validación. El análisis
de elementos finitos es uno de los tipos prominentes
de métodos computacionales que están disponibles
en el mercado para uso comercial. El paquete de
software ANSYS APDL Mechanical 16.0 ha sido elegido
para intentar hacer análisis del chasis.
Types of Analysis:
1. Punto de recogida de la suspensión de
fijación de impacto delantero
2. Impacto lateral con la pared en el otro
extremo.
3. Roll over analysis
4. 4. Rear impact analysis. 5. Torsional
rigidity
6. Modal analysis.
General Steps done during the analysis:
The following steps are used for analysis
This procedure has been used for the analysis,
Sampling points used for design of experiments are
calculated by doing the sensitivity analysis.
4.1 Front Impact analysis
It has been assumed that the vehicle has front
collision with other stationary vehicle of 300kg,
considering our vehicle is moving at its maximum
speed 60 kph and stops at 0.1 sec. The force acting
on the vehicle is calculated and found 35312N or 12G
load.
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4.2 Rear Impact Analysis
It has been assumed that the vehicle collides
with other stationary vehicle of 300kg,
considering our vehicle is moving at its
maximum speed 60 kph and stops at 0.1 sec.
The force acting on the vehicle is calculated
and found 8829N or 3G load.
Table 3: Showing results of Rear impact analysis
Force acting 7357.5 N
Type To the side impact members
Fixing points Other side of side impact
members
Max von mises stress 193.112 MPa
Factor of safety 1.99
Maximum deflection 3.8628 mm
Mesh size divisions per line
Convergence criteria By varying space step(
Htype)
Force acting 8829 N
Type To the rear 4 key points
Fixing points Suspension pick up points in front
Max von mises stress 272.391MPa
Factor of safety 1.413
Table 2:Showing results of the front Impact.
Force acting N
35312
Type To the front 4 Nodes
Fixing points Suspension pick up
points
Max von mises stress MPa
202.87
Factor of safety 1.897
Max deflection 1.224 mm
Mesh size divisions per line
60
Convergence criteria By varying space step( H-type)
Figure 2: Von-mises stress
Figure 3: Von-mises stress
Side Impact of the Chassis
4.3
It has been assumed that the vehicle collides with other
stationary vehicle of 300kg, considering our vehicle is
moving at its maximum speed 60 kph and stops at 0.1 sec.
The force acting on the vehicle is calculated and found
N or 2.5G load.
7357.5
Table 4:Showing results of Side impact analysis
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Figure 4: von-mises stress
4.4 Roll over analysis
It has been assumed that the vehicle collides with
other stationary vehicle of 300kg, considering our
vehicle is moving at its maximum speed 60 kph and
stops at 0.1 sec. The force acting on the vehicle is
calculated and found 8829N or 3G load.
Table 5: Showing results of Roll over analysis
Force acting 8829 N
Type Acting on front and main roll hoop
Fixing points Bottom of the chassis
Max von mises stress 101.66 MPa
Factor of safety 3.787
Maximum deflection 0.4602 mm
Mesh size 60 divisions per line
Convergence criteria By varying space step( H-type)
Figure 5: von-mises stress
4.5 Torsional rigidity of chassis
Torsion is one of the main considerations while
designing chassis, torsional rigidity of the chassis is
found by applying the force at the front end as a
couple and fixing the rear end.
Maximum deflection 4.957mm
Mesh size 60 divisions per line
Convergence criteria By varying space step( H-type)
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Force = 1000N
L = 560mm
Applying the force and getting deflection from Ansys,
taking the mean deflection as δ.
Mean deflection is half of the maximum deflection.
Then the torsional rigidity is found out to be
1463.37Nm/deg.
Figure 6: Deflection due to torsion.
The analysis results are shown in table
Table 6: Finite Element Analysis Results
Test
Maximum
deformation
(mm)
Maximum
Von Misses
Stress
(MPa)
Factor
of
Safety
Front impact
1.244 202.87 1.897
Rear impact
4.957 272.391 1.413
Side impact
3.8628 193.112 1.99
Roll over
0.4602 101.666 3.787
4.6 Modal Analysis
Modal analysis determines the vibration mode shapes
and corresponding frequencies. It is well known that
(mechanical) structures can resonate, i.e. that small
forces may end up in necessary deformation, and
presumably, harm will be elicited within the
structure. Resonance is often the cause of, or at
least a contributing factor to many of the vibration
and noise associated problems that occur in
structures and operating machinery. To better
understand any structural vibration problem, the
resonant frequencies of a structure ought to be
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known and quantified. Today, modal analysis has
turn out to be a sizeable means of finding the modes
of vibration of a system or structure. Modal analysis
has been performed after creating the chassis finite
element model. The mode shapes are shown below
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Figure 8: 2nd mode displacement at the 55.611Hz frequency
Figure 7: 1st
mode displacement at the 54.45Hz frequency
The first 10 modes of frequency are shown below
4.7Campbell diagram
A Campbell diagram plot represents a system's response
spectrum as a function of its oscillation regime.
Campbell diagram is a plot betweenthe excitation
frequency from the 0-max speed with
respect to the natural
forced vibrationof the chassis. The evolutions of the
natural frequencies corresponding to a mode are drawn in
function of the rotation speed of the shaft.
The 10,000rpm is the engine rpm at the max, usually
considering the idle speedof the engine is not at all
allowed as the engine speed is always changing. The
natural frequency of the chassis
doesn’tchange with respect
to the engine speed where it
have no control over hence the
chassis frequency is considered to be constant for all rpm.
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Figure 9: 3rd
mode displacement at the 68.034Hz frequency Figure 10: Campbell diagram
It can be seen very clearly that the 1x mode is
resonating st with respect to the 1 mode at the
speed of 4800rpm th
and 5 mode at 93% speed. Also, till 4x speeds there
pose no danger to the natural frequency of the chassis
st
expect the 1 mode and the 1x resonance. But as the
resonating speed is 50% lesser than the operating
speed pose no danger to the overall structural
integrity of the system.
5. OPTIMIZATION
Choosing the best solution from the available solution.
Minitab software is used for the optimization here. DOE
is created using the factors influence for the stresses.
Design points are constructed as per the model.
Orthogonal arrays were proved to be more efficient
compared to the other arrays used in screening but are
more tedious. L9, L16, L25, L36 … can be used for the
optimisation purpose depending on the inputs. It is
noted that the design points are again iterations carried
out in Ansys. L16 array would be good and sufficient
enough to determine the best solution with least error
and residuals. Hence L16 array is considered and each
of the design samples for each type of analysis is
tabulated here.
From the sampling points, the optimisation can be
done. Orthogonal regression model uses the algebraic
equations for creation of the continuity between
thickness, Diameter and stress. If the thickness is
chosen is chosen to be as the continuous predictor then
the model is called as the horizontal continuous model.
If the radius is chosen as the continuous predictor then
the model is called as the vertical continuous model.
In the poisons regression is used instead of the
orthogonal model then the equations used are not of
linear form but are logarithmic. And thus obtaining the
continuity. A target value of 200MPa is chosen as the
desired stress value for the optimisation.
This method gives the optimisation and the results
of sampling points and the optimised results in all
the models.
Front Impact Design points and optimization:
Figure 11: contour plot of the variation of stress with R4 and T4.
Observation Table 7:
Model Orthogonal
Horizontal
Orthogonal
Vertical
Poisons
Horizontal
Poisons
Vertical
R square
Value
97.40% 93.83% 99.50% 98.91%
R adjusted
value
96.46% 91.58% 98.54% 97.95%
Radius
Value(mm)
14.7 13.5160 12.7 13.9652
Thickness
Value(mm)
1.05035 1.4 1.47983 1.2
Side Impact Design points and optimisation:
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Figure 12: contour plot of the variation of stress with R1 and T1.
Observation Table 8:
Model Orthogonal
Horizontal
Orthogo
nal
Vertical
Poisons
Horizontal
Poisons
Vertical
R square
Value
96.63% 94.04% 98.11% 97.16%
R adjusted
value
95.41% 91.88% 96.36% 95.41%
Radius
Value(mm)
16.7 16.6867 16.7 15.3366
Thickness
Value(mm)
1.34635 1.2 1.3470 1.6
Rear Impact Design points and optimisation:
Figure 13: Contour plot of the variation of stress with R4 and T4.
Observation Table 9:
Model Orthogonal
Horizontal
Orthogonal
Vertical
Poisons
Horizontal
Poisons
Vertical
R square
Value
98.50% 96.05% 99.86% 99.60%
R adjusted
value
97.95% 94.61% 99.05% 98.01%
Radius
Value(mm)
16.7 16.2659 14.7 14.6354
Thickness
Value(mm)
1.2252 1.2 1.5436 1.6
Roll over Design points and optimisation:
Observation Table 10:
Model Orthogonal
Horizontal
Orthogonal
Vertical
Poisons
Horizontal
Poisons
Vertical
R square
Value
99.19% 98.31% 99.71% 99.76%
R adjusted
value
98.89% 97.69% 97.58% 97.63%
Radius
Value(mm)
10.7 13.0471 12.7 11.6922
Thickness
Value(mm)
1.4737 1.0 1.0114 1.2
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Figure 14: Contour plot of the variation of stress with R1 and T1.
6. CONCLUSION
From the above table it is clear the model having the
highest accuracy that is R-Square value will have
reduced root mean square error. From the
optimisation, these values are concluded as the best
possible results for the chassis with the reduced stress
and the weight with target stress values.
Table 11: Optimum solution
Radius Value(mm) Thickness
(mm)
Value(mm)
R4(Front) 13.30 T4(Front) 1.35
R4(Rear) 13.10 T4(rear) 1.98
R1 13.10 T1 1.45
R2 13.10 T2 1.4
R3 12.7 T3 1.4
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