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1. BLOOD DISEASES
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2. 1.ANEMIA
• SYMPTOMS
• Weakness
• Shortness of breath
• Fast or irregular heartbeat
• Headache
• Cold hands or feet
• Yellow skin
Occurs due to significant shortage of healthy Red blood cells.
RBC contain Haemoglobin (protein) .
RBC serve as transporters of oxygen to different tissues & Organs of the
body.
Body is not getting iron indicates deficiency of hemoglobin in the RBC”s.
Around 4.3 gm of iron in men & 2.3gm in Women.

3. CAUSES
-Accurate blood loss.
-Bone marrow failure
DIAGNOSIS
-Complete blood count (CBC)
-CBC is used to count the number of blood cells in a sample of blood for anemia to check
the RBC”s contained in blood (HEMATOCRIT) & the hemoglobin in blood .
-Normal Hematocrit values b/w 40 -- 52% ( for men ) & b/w 35 -- 47 % ( for women )
-HEMOGLOBIN VALUES generally 14 to 18 gms per deciliter for men & 12 –16 gms for
Women .
TREATMENT
Oral iron supplementation – Ferrous sulphate
Vitamin & mineral supplement s.
 Change in Diet.
Medication
 Blood transfusion
 Bone marrow transplant.

4. 2.HEMOPHILIA
-Inherited bleeding or coagulation disorder.
-Passed from parent to child. (X- linked recessive disorder),
-Men with hemophilia pass the gene that has messages for hemophilia on to their
daughters , but not their sons.
-DAUGHTERS will be carriers of hemophilia gene.
- Person with haemophilia lack the ability to stop bleeding because of the low level
or complete absence of specific proteins called factors.
- Proper clotting of blood helps prevent excessive bleeding.
.

5. SYMPTOMS
- Excessive, uncontrollable bleeding.
- Bleeding may occur if there is no injury.
- Blood found in the urine or stool
DIAGNOSIS
-Complete medical history and physical
examination
-Clotting factor levels
-Complete blood count(CBC)
-DNA testing
TREATMENT
-Blood transfusion.
-Prophylactic (preventive) treatment with
infused clotting factors.

6. 3.HEMOLYTIC DISEASE OF NEWBORN
{ ERYTHROBLASTOSIS FETALIS}
-Destruction of the red blood cells(RBC) of the fetus by antibodies produced
by the mother.
-It is condition in which the life span of the fetal RBC is shortened due to
maternal allo-antibodies against red cell antigens acquired from the father.
-Hemolytic diseases occurs most frequently develops when an Rh -ve
mother conceives a ‘fetus’ which is Rh +ve **.

7. TREATMENT
ANTIBODIES (INTRAVENOUS IMMUNOGLOBULIN, OR IVIG) TO HELP
PROTECT THE BABY'S RED CELLS FROM BEING DESTROYED.
SIGN & SYMPTOM
-Hemolysis with the release of free hemoglobin into the infants
circulation .
-jaundice .
CAUSES
-Other minor blood group antigens.
-Rh incompatibility is a condition which , develops when,an Rh –ve
Mother conceives a fetus which is Rh +

8. 4.LEUKEMIA
-Leukemia, is cancer of the white blood cells (leucocytes)
fight infections, is a group of blood cancers that usually
begin in the bone marrow and result in high numbers of
abnormal blood cells.[9] These blood cells are not fully
developed and are called blasts or leukemia cells.
SYMPTOMS - Bleeding and bruising, fatigue, fever,
and an increased risk of infections.
These symptoms occur due to a lack of normal blood
cells
CAUSE ..Inherited and environmental factors
DIAGNOSISis typically made by blood tests or bone marrow biopsy.
TREATMENT
-Chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, bone marrow
transplant, supportive care.

9. 5.**HOW COVID-19 IS CAUSING UNUSUAL CLOTS .**
-The clotting may be triggerd by the high level of inflammation caused by
SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Cause formation of Blood clots in the various tissues & Organs of COVID-19
patients.
HOW COVID-19 AFFECTS MY BLOOD .
-unusual clotting cause complications like... organ damage, heart attack&
stroke.
-coronary artery disease
-high blood pressurre
-Diabetes
-Chronic lung diseases
-Heart diseases
DIAGNOSIS.
-Diagnosis is typically made by blood tests or bone marrow
biopsy.

10. TREATMENT
-Doctors globally are telling recovered COVID patients to take
blood thinners for at least 15 days after discharge.
Can you donate blood if you’ve had the coronavirus?
-Yes. Once you are completely better and your doctor says it is
OK, you can safely donate blood.
A part of your blood called plasma might even be useful to help
other patients. If you have successfully recovered from COVID-
19, your *blood plasma* may contain antibodies to the
coronavirus that can be used to help another person fight off
the virus.

11. SOME ADDITIONAL ***.
BLACK FUNGUS (MUCORMYCOSIS) AFTER COVID-19.
Mucormycosis (previously called zygomycosis) is a serious but rare
fungal infection caused by a group of molds called
mucormycetes. These molds live throughout the environment.
Fungal infection triggered most in the patients who have
recovered from COVID-19
.-People with reduced ability to fight enviornmental pathogens
are dangerous.
WHO ARE AT RISK.
-Diabetic most vulnerable as fungus feeds on
sugar.
-Heavy steriod use in COVID treatment.

12. SYMPTOMS
-Facial pain
-Headache post covid
-Pain in eye
-Loss of vision
PREVENTION
-Keep blood sugar check under covid or no covid.
-Maintain overall cleaniness* around patients.
TREATMENT
Common antifungal medications.
Amphotericin B Liposomal
-(Patients need upto ten injections a day) - Rs.7,000 to 8,000 / injection
-Rs.1,500 to 2,000/injection ……