Yeasts like Candida albicans are round or oval fungi that reproduce by budding. C. albicans causes around 90% of yeast infections in humans. It is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause superficial infections like thrush with white patches in the mouth or vagina, or deeper infections in places like the bloodstream, heart, brain, eyes, or internal organs in people with weakened immune systems. Diagnosis involves culturing the yeast for identification and testing serum for antigens or antibodies. Treatment depends on the type and severity of infection, ranging from topical antifungals for superficial infections to intravenous antifungals for systemic infections.

1. Diseases caused by yeast
Yeast are round oval unicellular fungi
which reproduced by budding
Candida albicans is responsible for 90% of
infection in human

2. •Habitat

3. Lab characteristics
• Morphology – staining two forms both
gram positive are recognized in clinical
material and on culture

4. Spherical to oval budding
cells the yeast or Y form

5. Elongated filamentous cells

6. Culture
aerobic easy cultivate need antibiotic
chloramphenicol for primary cultivation
incubation at 37 c for 48 hours
ordinary agar or blood agar
colonies appears around antibiotic discs
which inhibit bacteria growth

7. Creamy to white in color
the yeast are predonately Y
forms but M forms develop in
older cultures

8. Identification
Germ tubes grow in serum for 3hours at
37cmake wet film examine for formation of
filamentous outgrowth germ tube

9. Chlamydospores
grow in nutritional poor media corn meal agar or
24hours at 28c examine for
round sick wall structure chlamydospores

10. Thrush white adherent
patches on buccal
mucosa and vagina

11. Intertigo

12. Choronic mucocutaneous candidiasis
Chronic mucocutaneous
candidiasis is persistent or
recurrent candida infection due to
inherited T-cell defects.
Autoimmune and endocrine
disorders may develop in its
recessive form. Diagnosis is based
on recurrent, unexplained
candida infections. Treatment
includes antifungal drugs and
treatment of any endocrine and
autoimmune disorders.

13. Deep infection
involve lower respiratory tract
urinary tract septicemia
localized in eye
endocardium meningitis
kidney bone

14. Diagnosis
culture isolation identification

15. Detect antigen in serum
detect antibody in serum
by ELISA

16. Using gas chromatography detect
arabinitol metabolite of candida in serum
positive may indicate systemic infection

17. Treatment
resist antibiotic
superficial infection treated with topically with
polyene nystatin amphotericin B
imidazole miconazole,clotrimazole

18. Systemic infection
require intravenous amphotericin B combined
with flouorocytosin
oral administration of new imidazole
fluconazole may be effective in superficial and
systemic infection

19. Intertigo

20. Thrush white adherent patches on buccal
mucosa and vagina