Diseases
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HSC Biology 3.2: Infectious and non infectious disease
The document discusses infectious and non-infectious diseases. Infectious diseases are caused by organisms that can be passed from person to person, such as malaria, tuberculosis, hepatitis, and Ebola. Non-infectious diseases are not caused by organisms and cannot be passed between people, examples include Down syndrome, color blindness, and muscular dystrophy. The document also discusses preventative strategies to limit the spread of infectious diseases like quarantine.
Document
STDs/STIs can be caused by bacteria, viruses, yeasts, parasites or insects. They are transmitted through sexual contact like intercourse, oral sex or sharing needles. Pregnant women are at particular risk of transmitting infections to their babies before or during birth. While some infections like HIV, gonorrhea or herpes pose high risks, steps can be taken to reduce transmission like screening, treatment or C-section delivery. CMV infection affects about 1% of births and can cause deafness or disabilities if transmitted, though fetal testing and potential early termination are options considered.
Tuberculosis.docx
Tuberculosis is caused by bacteria that usually affects the lungs. It spreads through the air when people who have TB cough, sneeze or spit. While it is contagious, it typically requires prolonged exposure to spread. Those with weakened immune systems, like people with HIV/AIDS or undergoing chemotherapy, are more at risk of active TB infection. TB bacteria can spread beyond the lungs to other parts of the body if not treated. Proper treatment can cure TB despite its serious potential effects.
6 shocking facts about urinary tract infections
1. Bacteria are not the only cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs), as certain parasites like schistosomiasis flatworms can also lead to UTIs and infect over 200 million people worldwide each year, especially in Africa and the Middle East.
2. Patients with diabetes are more susceptible to drug-resistant bacteria that cause UTIs, and UTIs in diabetics can lead to serious, life-threatening complications.
3. Pregnant women also face higher risks of UTIs, which have been associated with problems like preterm birth and lower birth weights.
Error identification
The passage discusses progress made in eradicating polio globally. While polio cases have declined 90% worldwide, parts of South Asia and Africa still face threats from the disease. Health authorities have more work to do to fully eliminate polio. The disease is highly infectious, so outbreak threats lead to canceling social events and closing schools to avoid contact with infected individuals.
The conclution of the paper abortion AKBID YKN CABANG RAHA
Abortion is a debated medical issue that can occur due to factors like genetic abnormalities, abnormal fetal growth, or placental issues. There are physical and psychological health risks for women who undergo abortions. Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases easily spread through sexual contact that cause genital abnormalities and remain a global public health problem. Common STIs include gonorrhea, genital warts, syphilis, herpes, and HIV/AIDS, with sex workers having high infection rates of 80-90% despite yearly improvements.
Nutrition Health
Global disparities in nutrition and health are influenced by several key factors. Food distribution systems often fail to deliver adequate nutrition, especially in places like Somalia. Many people cannot afford food costs. Cultural practices sometimes favor males over females. Parts of the world most vulnerable to hunger have the lowest average daily calorie consumption. Higher infant mortality rates are associated with the physical health of the mother, improper weaning practices, poor sanitation leading to diarrhea, and malnutrition conditions like marasmus and kwashiorkor. Life expectancy is much lower in less developed countries due largely to a higher prevalence of infectious diseases.
Rare disease day - MEDxCare
A rare disease is any disease that affects a small percentage of the population, with most being genetic and present throughout a person's life. Many rare diseases appear early in life and about 30% of children with these diseases will die before their fifth birthday. February 28th is designated as Rare Disease Day to raise awareness for the over 7,000 rare diseases that exist worldwide.
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HSC Biology 3.2: Infectious and non infectious disease
The document discusses infectious and non-infectious diseases. Infectious diseases are caused by organisms that can be passed from person to person, such as malaria, tuberculosis, hepatitis, and Ebola. Non-infectious diseases are not caused by organisms and cannot be passed between people, examples include Down syndrome, color blindness, and muscular dystrophy. The document also discusses preventative strategies to limit the spread of infectious diseases like quarantine.
Document
STDs/STIs can be caused by bacteria, viruses, yeasts, parasites or insects. They are transmitted through sexual contact like intercourse, oral sex or sharing needles. Pregnant women are at particular risk of transmitting infections to their babies before or during birth. While some infections like HIV, gonorrhea or herpes pose high risks, steps can be taken to reduce transmission like screening, treatment or C-section delivery. CMV infection affects about 1% of births and can cause deafness or disabilities if transmitted, though fetal testing and potential early termination are options considered.
Tuberculosis.docx
Tuberculosis is caused by bacteria that usually affects the lungs. It spreads through the air when people who have TB cough, sneeze or spit. While it is contagious, it typically requires prolonged exposure to spread. Those with weakened immune systems, like people with HIV/AIDS or undergoing chemotherapy, are more at risk of active TB infection. TB bacteria can spread beyond the lungs to other parts of the body if not treated. Proper treatment can cure TB despite its serious potential effects.
6 shocking facts about urinary tract infections
1. Bacteria are not the only cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs), as certain parasites like schistosomiasis flatworms can also lead to UTIs and infect over 200 million people worldwide each year, especially in Africa and the Middle East.
2. Patients with diabetes are more susceptible to drug-resistant bacteria that cause UTIs, and UTIs in diabetics can lead to serious, life-threatening complications.
3. Pregnant women also face higher risks of UTIs, which have been associated with problems like preterm birth and lower birth weights.
Error identification
The passage discusses progress made in eradicating polio globally. While polio cases have declined 90% worldwide, parts of South Asia and Africa still face threats from the disease. Health authorities have more work to do to fully eliminate polio. The disease is highly infectious, so outbreak threats lead to canceling social events and closing schools to avoid contact with infected individuals.
The conclution of the paper abortion AKBID YKN CABANG RAHA
Abortion is a debated medical issue that can occur due to factors like genetic abnormalities, abnormal fetal growth, or placental issues. There are physical and psychological health risks for women who undergo abortions. Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases easily spread through sexual contact that cause genital abnormalities and remain a global public health problem. Common STIs include gonorrhea, genital warts, syphilis, herpes, and HIV/AIDS, with sex workers having high infection rates of 80-90% despite yearly improvements.
Nutrition Health
Global disparities in nutrition and health are influenced by several key factors. Food distribution systems often fail to deliver adequate nutrition, especially in places like Somalia. Many people cannot afford food costs. Cultural practices sometimes favor males over females. Parts of the world most vulnerable to hunger have the lowest average daily calorie consumption. Higher infant mortality rates are associated with the physical health of the mother, improper weaning practices, poor sanitation leading to diarrhea, and malnutrition conditions like marasmus and kwashiorkor. Life expectancy is much lower in less developed countries due largely to a higher prevalence of infectious diseases.
Rare disease day - MEDxCare
A rare disease is any disease that affects a small percentage of the population, with most being genetic and present throughout a person's life. Many rare diseases appear early in life and about 30% of children with these diseases will die before their fifth birthday. February 28th is designated as Rare Disease Day to raise awareness for the over 7,000 rare diseases that exist worldwide.
Scientificdrawings (lab equipment)
This document provides diagrams and descriptions of common scientific apparatus used in experiments. It includes diagrams of a beaker, Bunsen burner, tripod and gauze, conical flask, funnel and filter paper, measuring cylinder, crucible with lid, watch glass, test tube, and clamp and stand. Students are asked to use these diagrams to draw diagrams of experiments, including a beaker half-filled with water on a tripod being heated by a Bunsen burner, an irregular object in a eureka can with a beaker at the spout to collect water, and a conical flask half-filled with water being supported on a clamp stand with a thermometer inside to measure temperature.
Ch.2.a healthy diet
This document discusses nutrients and a healthy diet. It explains that the body needs carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, water, and fiber to stay healthy. It provides examples of each nutrient group and describes how the body uses each one. For instance, carbohydrates are used as fuel, fats form cell membranes and insulate the body, and proteins are used for tissue repair. The document stresses the importance of a balanced diet with all nutrient groups and warns that too few or too many nutrients can cause malnutrition.
Ch.4.circulatory system
The document summarizes key aspects of the circulatory system:
1) It describes how oxygenated blood moves from the heart to the lungs to pick up oxygen, then back to the heart and out to the body, while deoxygenated blood moves from the body back to the heart and lungs.
2) It explains the roles of the heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries in pumping blood throughout the body and transferring oxygen and nutrients to cells and waste products away from cells.
3) It discusses how exercise increases pulse rate to supply more oxygen and glucose to active muscles via faster blood circulation.
Ch.13.speed
Speed is defined as the distance an object travels divided by the time it takes to travel that distance. It is typically measured in meters per second (m/s). Velocity differs from speed in that it includes both magnitude and direction of motion. Speed can be calculated using the equation: Speed = Distance / Time. Analyzing the slope of a distance-time graph allows one to determine the speed from the graph by calculating rise over run.
Ch.1.how do plants grow (part 2)
The passage discusses several key aspects of how plants grow through photosynthesis. It explains that photosynthesis is the process where plants use light to form starch, with chlorophyll and chloroplasts playing important roles. Biomass refers to the total mass of living things, and measuring changes in biomass can help monitor environmental changes. Plants take in water and dissolved mineral salts through their roots, and transport them throughout the plant using xylem tubes. Leaves are adapted for photosynthesis, with features like stomata, veins, and different cell layers that help them absorb light and carbon dioxide efficiently.
Ch.2.a healthy diet
This document discusses nutrients and a healthy diet. It explains that the body needs carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, water, and fiber to stay healthy. It provides examples of the chemical structures and roles of each nutrient group. The document emphasizes eating a balanced diet with a variety of nutrients and limiting high-energy snacks to avoid weight gain and related health issues over time.
Ch.3.digestion
The document discusses the process of digestion. It begins with the physical and chemical breakdown of large food molecules in the mouth, stomach, and small intestine. Enzymes produced in the salivary glands, stomach, liver, and pancreas help break down food into smaller molecules that can be absorbed into the bloodstream. Undigested food remnants then pass through the large intestine where water is absorbed before excretion of waste as feces.
Ch.3.cells (part 2)
The document discusses the organization of cells, tissues, organs and organ systems in living things. It explains that cells grouped together form tissues, tissues grouped together form organs, and organs grouped together form organ systems to comprise an entire organism. The passage then focuses on plant organisms, noting that the tissues in a leaf - including the upper and lower epidermis, palisade mesophyll, and spongy mesophyll - work together to form the leaf organ.
Ch.5. the respiratory system
The respiratory system allows oxygen to enter the body and carbon dioxide to be removed from cells. It consists of the air passages, lungs, and diaphragm. Air enters through the nose and travels through the trachea and bronchi into bronchioles and alveoli in the lungs. In the alveoli, oxygen passes into the bloodstream while carbon dioxide passes out, through the process of gas exchange. Breathing is driven by the contraction and relaxation of the diaphragm and rib muscles.
Ch.3.cells (part 1)
1) In 1665, Robert Hooke observed "little boxes" in a thin slice of cork under a microscope, which he described as cells.
2) In 1839, Theodor Schwann and Matthias Schleiden established the cell theory - that all living things are made of cells, cells are the basic unit of structure and function, and new cells are produced from existing cells.
3) Cells have different shapes and features adapted to their functions - for example, red blood cells are biconcave discs packed with hemoglobin to carry oxygen, nerve cells have long extensions to connect with other cells, and root hair cells have long thin extensions with a large surface area to absorb water from soil.
Ch.15.energy
Energy exists in many forms including potential, kinetic, chemical, and electromagnetic. Potential energy is stored energy and includes gravitational potential energy from an object's position and strain energy stored through deformation. Kinetic energy is the energy of motion and includes sound, electrical, internal, electromagnetic, and light energy. Energy can change forms and is never lost or destroyed, though some is always wasted as heat. Common sources of energy include both renewable resources like sunlight and non-renewable resources like fossil fuels.
Ch.14.forces and motion (week 2)
This document discusses three types of non-contact forces: magnetic forces, electrostatic forces, and gravitational forces. It provides details on magnetic forces and how opposite poles attract and similar poles repel. It also explains that gravitational forces act between any two masses in the universe, and the force is stronger between larger masses like the sun and earth. Finally, it defines the difference between mass and weight, where mass is the amount of matter and weight is the gravitational force acting on an object that can vary in different gravitational fields.
Ch.10.elements, compounds and mixtures
The document discusses elements, compounds, and mixtures. It defines a pure substance as having definite chemical and physical properties. Elements are pure substances that cannot be broken down further, while compounds are pure substances made of two or more elements chemically bonded together. Mixtures are combinations of pure substances that are not chemically bonded and can be separated physically. It then provides examples to distinguish between elements, compounds, and mixtures.
Ch.9. elements and atoms
This document discusses elements and atoms. It defines an element as a substance made up of only one type of atom. Elements have unique properties based on the type and arrangement of their atoms. Atoms are made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons. The document outlines some of the first elements discovered and notes that over 100 elements have now been identified. It discusses how elements are represented by chemical symbols and arranged in the periodic table based on their atomic structure and properties. Compounds are formed when elements combine and take on new properties different than the individual elements.
Ch.11.rocks and soil (part 1)
The universe began with a huge explosion known as the Big Bang. Gas clouds formed as atoms were drawn together by gravity, and inside these clouds, extremely hot spheres of gas known as stars formed. Nuclear fusion in stars produced heavier elements that were ejected when the stars died. The Earth formed from these materials and has a core, mantle and crust. Rocks on Earth include igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic types that are part of a continuous rock cycle, and they have many important uses.
Ch.12.finding the age of the earth
The document discusses methods for determining the age of the Earth by examining fossils and rock layers. It describes how fossils are formed by rapid burial after death, and how studying the layers they are found in can reveal the conditions of the Earth during different time periods. Index fossils that are unique to a specific layer are useful for correlating the ages of different rock formations. The fossil record also provides evidence that species have evolved over long periods of time. Radiometric dating techniques allow scientists to directly determine the ages of rocks and provide evidence that the Earth is very old.
Ch.1.the characteristics of living things (biology)
This document discusses the characteristics of living things. It outlines the seven life processes that differentiate living things from non-living things: feeding, respiration, movement, growth, excretion, reproduction, and irritability. It provides examples of how different organisms such as crabs, lobsters, axolotls, plants, ticks, and grass snakes exhibit these life processes in different ways suited to their needs.
Microorganisms
This document discusses microorganisms (microbes), which are very small organisms that can only be seen with a microscope. It describes the three kingdoms of microbes - fungi, protoctista, and monera. Fungi reproduce using spores and include useful yeasts as well as harmful molds. Protoctista are single-celled organisms with nuclei that move using flagella, cilia, or pseudopodia. Monera lack nuclei and include bacteria and blue-green algae. The document outlines the characteristics, reproduction methods, and impacts of these microorganisms, including both harmful disease-causing varieties as well as useful ones like yogurt bacteria. It also discusses Louis Pasteur's pioneering work
Ch.10.acids and alkalis (2nd week)
Robert Boyle discovered that red cabbage juice and violets could be used as acid-base indicators. Red cabbage juice turns red in acids and green in alkalis, while violets turn purple in acids and greenish-yellow in alkalis. He also found that litmus, extracted from lichen, could indicate acids and alkalis and became widely used in laboratories. Later, scientists developed over 20 acid-base indicators and scales like pH to quantify the strength of acids and alkalis, with pH 0-6 being acids, 7 being neutral, and 8-14 being alkalis.
Ch.9.properties of matter and matterials
This document discusses the properties of elements, molecules, metals, and non-metals. It defines elements as substances made of only one type of atom, and molecules as substances made of one or more elements. Metals are usually solid, malleable, and good conductors of heat and electricity, while non-metals tend to be dull, brittle, and poor conductors. Examples of common non-metal uses include chlorine for water purification and phosphorus for matches. The document also lists and describes 14 different material properties including appearance, rigidity, absorbency, conductivity, and transparency.
Sexually transmitted diseases (STD)
Sexually transmitted diseases are escalating nowadays when more people have started entering into multiple sexual relationships. They might not consider this ethically wrong but the fact remains that such people are more prone to sexual diseases. However, if unfortunately, one gets infected by any such disease, it is better to start treatment as soon as possible because these diseases have the potential to ruin your entire life. People often are embarrassed and scared to disclose their problem to others even to their friends but they fail to realize that delaying diagnose is compromising with their life. Thus, as soon as you fear a sexually transmitted infection (STI), approach a doctor.
Sexually transmitted diseases | Sexually transmitted Infection
Sexually transmitted diseases are escalating nowadays when more people have started entering into multiple sexual relationships. They might not consider this ethically wrong but the fact remains that such people are more prone to sexual diseases. However, if unfortunately, one gets infected by any such disease, it is better to start treatment as soon as possible as these diseases have the potential to ruin your entire life. People often are embarrassed and scared to disclose their problem to others even to their friends but they fail to realize that delaying diagnose is compromising with their life. Thus, as soon as you fear a sexually transmitted infection (STI), approach a doctor.
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Scientificdrawings (lab equipment)
This document provides diagrams and descriptions of common scientific apparatus used in experiments. It includes diagrams of a beaker, Bunsen burner, tripod and gauze, conical flask, funnel and filter paper, measuring cylinder, crucible with lid, watch glass, test tube, and clamp and stand. Students are asked to use these diagrams to draw diagrams of experiments, including a beaker half-filled with water on a tripod being heated by a Bunsen burner, an irregular object in a eureka can with a beaker at the spout to collect water, and a conical flask half-filled with water being supported on a clamp stand with a thermometer inside to measure temperature.
Ch.2.a healthy diet
This document discusses nutrients and a healthy diet. It explains that the body needs carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, water, and fiber to stay healthy. It provides examples of each nutrient group and describes how the body uses each one. For instance, carbohydrates are used as fuel, fats form cell membranes and insulate the body, and proteins are used for tissue repair. The document stresses the importance of a balanced diet with all nutrient groups and warns that too few or too many nutrients can cause malnutrition.
Ch.4.circulatory system
The document summarizes key aspects of the circulatory system:
1) It describes how oxygenated blood moves from the heart to the lungs to pick up oxygen, then back to the heart and out to the body, while deoxygenated blood moves from the body back to the heart and lungs.
2) It explains the roles of the heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries in pumping blood throughout the body and transferring oxygen and nutrients to cells and waste products away from cells.
3) It discusses how exercise increases pulse rate to supply more oxygen and glucose to active muscles via faster blood circulation.
Ch.13.speed
Speed is defined as the distance an object travels divided by the time it takes to travel that distance. It is typically measured in meters per second (m/s). Velocity differs from speed in that it includes both magnitude and direction of motion. Speed can be calculated using the equation: Speed = Distance / Time. Analyzing the slope of a distance-time graph allows one to determine the speed from the graph by calculating rise over run.
Ch.1.how do plants grow (part 2)
The passage discusses several key aspects of how plants grow through photosynthesis. It explains that photosynthesis is the process where plants use light to form starch, with chlorophyll and chloroplasts playing important roles. Biomass refers to the total mass of living things, and measuring changes in biomass can help monitor environmental changes. Plants take in water and dissolved mineral salts through their roots, and transport them throughout the plant using xylem tubes. Leaves are adapted for photosynthesis, with features like stomata, veins, and different cell layers that help them absorb light and carbon dioxide efficiently.
Ch.2.a healthy diet
This document discusses nutrients and a healthy diet. It explains that the body needs carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, water, and fiber to stay healthy. It provides examples of the chemical structures and roles of each nutrient group. The document emphasizes eating a balanced diet with a variety of nutrients and limiting high-energy snacks to avoid weight gain and related health issues over time.
Ch.3.digestion
The document discusses the process of digestion. It begins with the physical and chemical breakdown of large food molecules in the mouth, stomach, and small intestine. Enzymes produced in the salivary glands, stomach, liver, and pancreas help break down food into smaller molecules that can be absorbed into the bloodstream. Undigested food remnants then pass through the large intestine where water is absorbed before excretion of waste as feces.
Ch.3.cells (part 2)
The document discusses the organization of cells, tissues, organs and organ systems in living things. It explains that cells grouped together form tissues, tissues grouped together form organs, and organs grouped together form organ systems to comprise an entire organism. The passage then focuses on plant organisms, noting that the tissues in a leaf - including the upper and lower epidermis, palisade mesophyll, and spongy mesophyll - work together to form the leaf organ.
Ch.5. the respiratory system
The respiratory system allows oxygen to enter the body and carbon dioxide to be removed from cells. It consists of the air passages, lungs, and diaphragm. Air enters through the nose and travels through the trachea and bronchi into bronchioles and alveoli in the lungs. In the alveoli, oxygen passes into the bloodstream while carbon dioxide passes out, through the process of gas exchange. Breathing is driven by the contraction and relaxation of the diaphragm and rib muscles.
Ch.3.cells (part 1)
1) In 1665, Robert Hooke observed "little boxes" in a thin slice of cork under a microscope, which he described as cells.
2) In 1839, Theodor Schwann and Matthias Schleiden established the cell theory - that all living things are made of cells, cells are the basic unit of structure and function, and new cells are produced from existing cells.
3) Cells have different shapes and features adapted to their functions - for example, red blood cells are biconcave discs packed with hemoglobin to carry oxygen, nerve cells have long extensions to connect with other cells, and root hair cells have long thin extensions with a large surface area to absorb water from soil.
Ch.15.energy
Energy exists in many forms including potential, kinetic, chemical, and electromagnetic. Potential energy is stored energy and includes gravitational potential energy from an object's position and strain energy stored through deformation. Kinetic energy is the energy of motion and includes sound, electrical, internal, electromagnetic, and light energy. Energy can change forms and is never lost or destroyed, though some is always wasted as heat. Common sources of energy include both renewable resources like sunlight and non-renewable resources like fossil fuels.
Ch.14.forces and motion (week 2)
This document discusses three types of non-contact forces: magnetic forces, electrostatic forces, and gravitational forces. It provides details on magnetic forces and how opposite poles attract and similar poles repel. It also explains that gravitational forces act between any two masses in the universe, and the force is stronger between larger masses like the sun and earth. Finally, it defines the difference between mass and weight, where mass is the amount of matter and weight is the gravitational force acting on an object that can vary in different gravitational fields.
Ch.10.elements, compounds and mixtures
The document discusses elements, compounds, and mixtures. It defines a pure substance as having definite chemical and physical properties. Elements are pure substances that cannot be broken down further, while compounds are pure substances made of two or more elements chemically bonded together. Mixtures are combinations of pure substances that are not chemically bonded and can be separated physically. It then provides examples to distinguish between elements, compounds, and mixtures.
Ch.9. elements and atoms
This document discusses elements and atoms. It defines an element as a substance made up of only one type of atom. Elements have unique properties based on the type and arrangement of their atoms. Atoms are made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons. The document outlines some of the first elements discovered and notes that over 100 elements have now been identified. It discusses how elements are represented by chemical symbols and arranged in the periodic table based on their atomic structure and properties. Compounds are formed when elements combine and take on new properties different than the individual elements.
Ch.11.rocks and soil (part 1)
The universe began with a huge explosion known as the Big Bang. Gas clouds formed as atoms were drawn together by gravity, and inside these clouds, extremely hot spheres of gas known as stars formed. Nuclear fusion in stars produced heavier elements that were ejected when the stars died. The Earth formed from these materials and has a core, mantle and crust. Rocks on Earth include igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic types that are part of a continuous rock cycle, and they have many important uses.
Ch.12.finding the age of the earth
The document discusses methods for determining the age of the Earth by examining fossils and rock layers. It describes how fossils are formed by rapid burial after death, and how studying the layers they are found in can reveal the conditions of the Earth during different time periods. Index fossils that are unique to a specific layer are useful for correlating the ages of different rock formations. The fossil record also provides evidence that species have evolved over long periods of time. Radiometric dating techniques allow scientists to directly determine the ages of rocks and provide evidence that the Earth is very old.
Ch.1.the characteristics of living things (biology)
This document discusses the characteristics of living things. It outlines the seven life processes that differentiate living things from non-living things: feeding, respiration, movement, growth, excretion, reproduction, and irritability. It provides examples of how different organisms such as crabs, lobsters, axolotls, plants, ticks, and grass snakes exhibit these life processes in different ways suited to their needs.
Microorganisms
This document discusses microorganisms (microbes), which are very small organisms that can only be seen with a microscope. It describes the three kingdoms of microbes - fungi, protoctista, and monera. Fungi reproduce using spores and include useful yeasts as well as harmful molds. Protoctista are single-celled organisms with nuclei that move using flagella, cilia, or pseudopodia. Monera lack nuclei and include bacteria and blue-green algae. The document outlines the characteristics, reproduction methods, and impacts of these microorganisms, including both harmful disease-causing varieties as well as useful ones like yogurt bacteria. It also discusses Louis Pasteur's pioneering work
Ch.10.acids and alkalis (2nd week)
Robert Boyle discovered that red cabbage juice and violets could be used as acid-base indicators. Red cabbage juice turns red in acids and green in alkalis, while violets turn purple in acids and greenish-yellow in alkalis. He also found that litmus, extracted from lichen, could indicate acids and alkalis and became widely used in laboratories. Later, scientists developed over 20 acid-base indicators and scales like pH to quantify the strength of acids and alkalis, with pH 0-6 being acids, 7 being neutral, and 8-14 being alkalis.
Ch.9.properties of matter and matterials
This document discusses the properties of elements, molecules, metals, and non-metals. It defines elements as substances made of only one type of atom, and molecules as substances made of one or more elements. Metals are usually solid, malleable, and good conductors of heat and electricity, while non-metals tend to be dull, brittle, and poor conductors. Examples of common non-metal uses include chlorine for water purification and phosphorus for matches. The document also lists and describes 14 different material properties including appearance, rigidity, absorbency, conductivity, and transparency.
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Sexually transmitted diseases are escalating nowadays when more people have started entering into multiple sexual relationships. They might not consider this ethically wrong but the fact remains that such people are more prone to sexual diseases. However, if unfortunately, one gets infected by any such disease, it is better to start treatment as soon as possible because these diseases have the potential to ruin your entire life. People often are embarrassed and scared to disclose their problem to others even to their friends but they fail to realize that delaying diagnose is compromising with their life. Thus, as soon as you fear a sexually transmitted infection (STI), approach a doctor.
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Sexually transmitted diseases are escalating nowadays when more people have started entering into multiple sexual relationships. They might not consider this ethically wrong but the fact remains that such people are more prone to sexual diseases. However, if unfortunately, one gets infected by any such disease, it is better to start treatment as soon as possible as these diseases have the potential to ruin your entire life. People often are embarrassed and scared to disclose their problem to others even to their friends but they fail to realize that delaying diagnose is compromising with their life. Thus, as soon as you fear a sexually transmitted infection (STI), approach a doctor.
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This document provides information about health, hygiene, and different types of diseases in 3 paragraphs. It begins by defining health and hygiene, and explains how to maintain hygiene. The second paragraph describes different types of diseases including congenital diseases like color blindness, thalassemia, and hemophilia, and acquired diseases which are divided into communicable and non-communicable diseases. The third paragraph provides a brief summary of the document written by Tamreen Zara on health and hygiene for a 6th grade biology project.
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This document provides information from a multi-day seminar on relationships, sexuality, and sexual health. It discusses topics like peer pressure, pornography, sexting, pre-marital sex, and relationship building. It also covers anatomy, reproduction, contraception myths, and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) like chlamydia, gonorrhea, herpes, HIV/AIDS, and human papillomavirus (HPV). STIs are common among teens and young adults, with nearly half of new STI cases occurring in people ages 15-25 yearly. Keeping oneself informed on these topics is important for making wise decisions.
Human health and disease
Human health and disease can be affected by many factors. Physical health involves avoiding disease while maintaining overall well-being through good hygiene, diet, exercise and sleep. Disease is any disorder that negatively impacts health and can be caused by infectious pathogens, genetic predispositions or environmental factors. Examples of major diseases discussed include influenza, malaria, cholera, measles, salmonella, gonorrhea, syphilis, tetanus, Alzheimer's, schizophrenia and muscular dystrophy.
12Toxoplasmosis and Effects on Abortion, And Fetal A.docx
12
Toxoplasmosis and Effects on Abortion, And Fetal Abnormalities
Toxoplasmosis and Effects on Abortion, And Fetal Abnormalities
Abstract
The placenta is an immune-privileged organ that may tolerate antigen exposure without eliciting a strong inflammatory response that could result in an abortion. After that, the pregnancy can progress normally. Th1 answers, characterized by interferon-, are essential for suppressing intracellular infections. Therefore, the maternal immune system finds a catch-22 when intracellular parasites invade the placenta. The pro-inflammatory response required to eradicate the virus carries the danger of causing an abortion. Toxoplasma is a potent parasite that causes lifetime infections and is a leading cause of abortions in people and animals. This paper speculates that the pregnancy outcome may be affected by the Toxoplasma strain and the effectors of the parasite, both of which can modify the signaling pathways of the host cell.
Introduction
Fetuses infected with the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii can develop a disorder known as toxoplasmosis, sometimes called congenital toxoplasmosis. This disease is transmitted from mother to child in the womb. A miscarriage or a stillbirth might happen as a result. A child with this illness may also have significant and progressively deteriorating difficulties in their vision, hearing, motor skills, cognitive ability, and other areas of development. The parasite Toxoplasma gondii is blamed for many pregnancies ending in miscarriage (Arranz-Solís et al., 2021). Most abortions happen in the first trimester of pregnancy or during the early stages of acute sickness. This research aimed to determine if women who had an abortion were more likely to be infected with toxoplasmosis.
To make matters worse, the toxoplasmosis-causing Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular pathogen that infects nearly every animal species with a thermoregulatory system. Transferring Toxoplasma from one host to another requires the development of tissue cysts that are infectious when ingested. This means the parasite is incentivized to ensure that the host organism lives during the infection. The parasite does this by stimulating an immune response powerful enough to limit parasite reproduction. Toxoplasma, on the other hand, uses a unique set of effectors to evade the immune response and ensure that the parasite population does not decrease to zero.
Results
Type II strains are the most common cause of infection in both animal and human hosts. However, all four clonal lineages of Toxoplasma may be found throughout Europe and North America. It has been established, however, that the bulk of the South American isolates identified is genetically distinct from the strains seen in North America and Europe. Certain sorts of isolates have been labeled as atypical strains. Birth abnormalities apart, type II strains are the most common in Europe and North America, where the great majority of .
Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)
This document discusses sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). It defines STDs as infections passed between people through sexual activity. STDs can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites. They are transmitted through various sexual behaviors and bodily fluids. Common STDs like chlamydia, herpes, gonorrhea, HPV, and HIV/AIDS are explained. The document outlines methods of prevention like abstinence and condom use and states that while antibiotics can cure bacterial STDs, viral STDs have no cure. It provides overview information about STDs to educate people.
Communicable diseases
The document discusses diseases, their causes and types. It defines disease as an abnormal condition that impairs the body's normal functioning and can cause discomfort, dysfunction, distress and death. It categorizes diseases as communicable/contagious which can pass from person to person, and non-communicable which result from genetics or lifestyle. It also discusses the chain of infection and lists common communicable diseases like cold, influenza, pneumonia, chickenpox and measles.
Pathogens Essay
The document discusses pathogens, specifically fungal and bacterial pathogens. It provides details on how fungal and bacterial pathogens differ in their modes of transmission, treatment methods, and the diseases they cause. Fungal pathogens are mainly transmitted through inhaling spores rather than person-to-person, while bacterial pathogens can be transmitted through touch or air. The document also discusses some common fungal and bacterial diseases and their treatments, noting that fungal diseases tend to be rarer but more fatal.
Basic introduction communicable
This document discusses communicable diseases. It defines communicable diseases as diseases that can spread from one person to another through various modes of transmission like air, water, food, or contact. Some common communicable diseases mentioned include influenza, polio, typhoid, measles, mumps, chickenpox, tuberculosis, and AIDS. It also discusses immunity and how the body develops immunity to diseases either naturally after suffering from an illness or artificially through vaccination. Preventing the spread of communicable diseases requires measures like maintaining hygiene, immunization, and promptly treating illnesses.
Epidemiology & Diseases.pptx
The document discusses common communicable diseases including acute respiratory infections, diarrhea diseases, tuberculosis, measles, malaria, dengue fever, and worm infestations. It describes the causative agents, transmission mechanisms, symptoms, and global impact of each disease. Communicable diseases remain a major public health challenge, with poverty, lack of sanitation, and unawareness contributing to millions of deaths worldwide each year, especially in highly populated and developing regions. Continued surveillance, treatment, prevention, and efforts by governments and organizations like the WHO are needed to eventually eradicate these diseases.
Unit 3 health and illness ppt
This document discusses health, illness, and disease. It defines health using the WHO definition of complete physical, mental, and social well-being. Illness is defined as a temporary or permanent loss of health. Diseases are then classified as infectious, caused by pathogens like bacteria and viruses, or non-infectious. Infectious diseases can be transmitted directly or indirectly and the immune system provides defenses against infections through innate and adaptive responses. Prevention, treatment, and classifications of diseases are also covered.
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Sexually transmitted diseases | Sexually transmitted Infection
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12Toxoplasmosis and Effects on Abortion, And Fetal A.docx
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Diseases
- 1. Sexually transmitted diseases are known by the initials STDs but they also may be called sexually transmitted infections (STIs).They are transmitted by sexual intercourse. Some of the diseases are- 1. Chlamydia 2. Gonorrhea 3. Syphills
- 2. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) is a disease that can be caused by a wide range of infections and affects the ovaries, fallopian tubes and the uterus. When the fallopian tubes are infected they become inflamed and are the main cause of infertility. The main causes of PID are sexually transmitted diseases.
- 3. When males are infected with a disease, are particularly sexually transmitted diseases, the activity of the sperm is reduced so that they are less able to swim to find an egg. When a person recovers from the disease the sperm regain their activity but, if a male has had a sexually transmitted disease a few times, the tubes carrying the sperm may be scarred due to the infection and block of the path of sperm.
- 4. Can also affect both male and female reproductive systems, blocking the path of sperm in males and causing infections in the oviducts and uterus in female. Tuberculosis during pregnancy may also cause the death of the fetus.
- 5. If the mother has malaria it can kill the fetus as it grows or slow down its development so a smaller baby than normal is born.
- 6. It causes damage to the fetus which results in the baby being born with disability. It can cause damage to the nervous system of the foetus and produce deafness and blindness.The heart can also be damaged
- 7. A female with AIDS may pass on the virus during pregnancy or at birth and this will damage the immune system of the baby Immune System: It’s the system that defend us from diseases