2. Life is a constant flow of discourse – of
language functioning in one of the many
contexts that together make up a culture.
3. Discourse is studied in a number of different
disciplines . In the field of applied linguistics
the most relevant body of work is that which
has come to be known as discourse analysis.
The discourse analyst studies texts, whether
spoken or written.
4. Who are the participants in the discourse? The
writer , readers, and speakers.
5. Approaches to discourse analysis sociology
conversational analysis Sociolinguistics
ethnography Interactional sociolinguistics
Variation theory
Philosophy Speech act theory pragmatics
Linguistics Structural function Birmingham
school Systemic functional linguistics (SFL)
Social semiotic SFL Critical discourse analysis
Artificial intelligence
6. Grammar discourse : spoken and written
differences In written discourses , writers can
relay on readers to process the text in a logical
and commonsense way. Spoken discourse us
usually so tied to its immediate context,
speakers usually have even less need to refer
everything that is in context and can take for
granted that listeners will know what is being
referred.
