THIS PRESENTATION CAN BE A USEFUL WORK TO MAINLY STUDENTS WHO NEED TO PREPARE FOR PROJECTS OR GAIN KNOWLEDGE ON DISASTER MANAGEMENT. A DETAILED INFO OD DROUGHT, STAMPEDE AND SAFETY MEASURE WHILE WORKING IN THE CHEMISTRY LAB IS GIVEN

2.  INTHIS PRESENTATION,THE SPOTILIGHT IS
GIVENTOTHE MUCH IMPORTANTTOPIC OF
DISASTERS.THE EXPLANATIONOFTHE BASIC
CONCEPTSASWELL AS A DETAILED
INFORMATION OF DROUGHTAND
STAMPEDES IS SHOWCASED.WHERE INTHE
LATER PART OFTHE PRESENTATION,
POSSIBLE PROBLEMSARISINGWHILE
WORKNG IN A CHEMISTRY LAB ARE
DISCUSSEDALONGWITH SOME SAFETY
MEASURES .

3.  A sudden event, attack or catastrophe that
causes a major loss of life and property ,
environmental damage and a downfall in the
economy is called a disaster

4. Types of
disasters
NATURAL DISASTERS
Caused by disturbance in
nature. For e.g floods,
drought
MAN MADE DISASTERS
Caused by human
activities. For e.g terrorist
attacks, stampedes

5.  A scenario of warning or a potential situation
of great damage is called a hazard.

6.  Although the terms may look identical,
they quite differ from each other. A
disaster is a sudden where there is
certainly great destruction while a
hazard is just a potential situation,
where there is a chance of damage or a
disaster like condition

7. DROUGHT

8. What is a drought ?
 A drought is a prolonged period of extreme dry
weather, with almost no rainfall which leads to
damage of food , crops, health and nutrition of
animals as well as humans.

9. TYPES OF
DROUGHTS
 Meteorological drought : related to rainfall
amounts
 Hydrological drought : related to water
reservoir levels
 Agricultural drought : determined by water
availability for irrigation

10. CAUSES
PRECIPITATION
= Droughts
occur mainly in
areas where
levels of rainfall
are in general
low. Sometimes,
due to
unfavourable
conditions such
as excessive
heat ,etc the
precipitation rate
goes even more
DRY SEASON=
It refers to a
period of scanty
rainfall, mainly in
the tropical
region. The dry
season greatly
increases
drought
occurrence , and
is characterized
by its low
humidity, with
watering holes
El nino = the
phenomenon in
which trade
winds weaken
resulting in
turning of the
western pacific
water flow
towards the
east and brings
unexpected hot
climate
HUMAN ACTIVITES=
The increasing
population needs more
of food, resources and
living space, which is
the generator of
problems such as
deforestation, over
farming, excessive
usage of limited
resources,
groundwater table
depletion and erosion,
which all contribute to
occurrence of drought.
Related to the same is
global warming and
climatic change ,
which are a factor as

11. PROBABLITY OF DROUGHT
OCCURRENCE IN INDIA
 From the following data , we infer that the
Gujarat and Rajasthan desert region is the
most vulnerable to droughts.

12. PREVENTION &
MITIGATION
 Afforestation and reforestation
 Save water, promote rainwater harvesting,
dams should be built.
 Growing drought resistant crops like millets,
maize and sorghum
 Build a canal for river diversions or
transvasement.

13.  Moreover, adopting intelligent methods of
farming such as terrace farming, multiple
cropping, contour bunds, etc.
 Herd management.
 Prevent global warming to balance the
seasonal cycle.
 Drought monitoring

14.  Utilize food resources properly
 Farmers in drought prone areas should also
have and alternative option ready to earn their
living
 Relief programs and distribution of
supplements are necessary especially in rural
areas.
 Strict and judicial use and supply of water
would also be helpful.

15. IMPACT ON NATION’S
ECONOMY
A massive disaster like drought can make a huge negative
impact on a country’s economy in various ways. It not only
affects the health and nutrition of its citizens
but destroys the animal world and plant
life as well. For a developing nation like
India , it is even more dangerous since affected
health of the workforce of a nation eventually
affects its business too .Agriculture- the
backbone of the economy is the most affected
sector and leaves a deep wound in the living
conditions of rural areas as destroyed crops also destroy the
only source of income for most families. It also blocks the
nation’s income from export sectors which is a great deal for

16. STAMPEDE

17. What is a stampede ?
 A stampede is a sudden, wild and frenzied
rush of a huge mass of people or animals
in an impulsive situation which is
uncontrollable and causes great loss of
life and peace.

18. CAUSES
 Stampedes occur when a crowd reacts to a
sudden positive or negative change in force.
Mismanagement and lack of proper security at
public events and sometimes a rumored or
real life-threatening situation during the same
trigger a situation of stampedes. Religious
gatherings or concerts, stadia and night club
are the most common places where
stampedes occur.

19. PREVENTION & MITIGATION
STRATEGIES
 The infrastructure of the venue for a public event (corridors,
entrances and exits) is suitable for the mass gathering to
prevent bottlenecks
 Enough security staff must be hired with a ratio of 1:20 for
security personnel to the number of people
 Arrangement or placement of the
security personnel should be well
planned (for e.g , all corners +
areas in among the crowd)
 The security body should have maps,
escape routes and a checklist of whom to
call and what to arrange in an emergency,
 On the spot hospitalization and first aid

20. IMPACT ON NATION’S
ECONOMY
 The massive crush causes loss of health and life.
Thus affecting the workforce of the nation. It is
even worse for the economy when stampedes
happen in concerts or public events, since youth
is the most affected.
 A lot of funds and time are spent in relief action,
after the happening.
 World famous, religious pilgrims are mostly prone
to stampedes which spoils the reputation the
income of tourism department
. Hence , blocking the income from the same
source

21. WORKING IN THE
CHEMISTRY LAB
POSSIBLE
HAZARDS AND
SAFETY
MEASURES

22. Possible hazards in the chemistry lab
Hazard Possible Cause
1 Explosion excessive pressure in while hating chemicals ,
or by lack of ventilation during the same
2 Chemical burns Coming in contact with harsh chemicals can
sometimes cause skin burns and eye problems
and can also burn clothing
3 Inhalation of
Chemicals.
Accidental inhalation of chemical fumes can
cause health problems
4 Slips / trips & falls Poor housekeeping. And unsuitable storage
places and containers can sometimes cause
trips and falls of chemicals.
5 Fires Contact of inflammable substance with
heating chemicals, short circuits, or mixing of
incompatible chemicals.

23. SOME SIMPLE SAFETY MEASURES…
I. Proper ventilation must be checked before heating any
substance in the lab.
II. PPE (personal protective equipments )should be ready
while working in the lab, hair should be tied back.
III. Residue and wastes left after the experiment should be
disposed off properly. Draining in sinks should be
completely avoided

24. I. Chemicals should be stored properly to
prevent spilling and combustion
II. Appropriate distance should be maintaine
from the apparatus while conducting the
experiment
III. Check for any craks in the instruments before
starting with the incident

26. •PRESENTATION BY:
BULBUL PAREEK ,
FLYERS 1 D