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•D: detection
•I: incident command
•S: safety and security
•A: assess
•H: hazard
•S: support
•T: triage and treatment
•E: evacuation
•R:recovery
WHAT IS DISASTER
MANAGEMENT ???
• “A disaster can be defined as any occurrence
that cause damage, ecological disruption, loss of
human life, deterioration of health and health
services on a scale, sufficient to warrant an
extraordinary response from outside the affected
community or area”.
(W.H.O.)
• “A disaster can be defined as an occurrence
either nature or manmade that causes human
suffering and creates human needs that victims
cannot alleviate without assistance”.
American
Red Cross (ARC) ’
WHAT IS DISASTERWHAT IS DISASTER
MANAGEMENTMANAGEMENT
WHAT IT INVOLVES ??
 Dealing with and avoiding both natural and man
made disasters. 
 Preparedness before disaster.
 Rebuilding and supporting society after natural
disasters.
TYPES OFTYPES OF
DISASTERDISASTER
NATURAL DISASTERS
A natural disaster is the effect of a natural hazard
(e.g., flood, tornado, hurricane, volcanic eruption,
earthquake, or landslide)
LIST OF TOP 10 NATURAL
DISASTERS
1. Cyclone
2. Earthquake
3. Tornado
4. Volcanic Eruption
5. Tsunami
6. Flood
7. Wildfire
8. Drought
9. Avalanche
10. Landslide
CYCLONES
 A cyclone is an area of closed, circular fluid
motion. It has low pressure on the inside and
high pressure on the outside.
 The center of the storm is called the eye and it
has the calmest water and the lowest pressure
EARTHQUAKES
 It is the result of a sudden release of energy
from the earth’s crust that creates seismic
waves.
 They are measured using seismographs.
EARTHQUAKES
 .The Valdivia earthquake also known as the
great Chilean earthquake is the biggest
earthquake ever recorded. It hit Chile on
May 22, 1960 with a magnitude of 9.5 and a
death toll of around 6000
TORNADOS (TWISTERS)
 A tornado is a violently rotating column of air
that is touching both the ground and a
cumulonimbus cloud.
 Tornado conditions are caused when different
temperatures and humidity meet to form
thunder clouds
 “Twisters” can attain speeds up to 100 miles an
hour
VOLCANIC ERUPTION
 A volcano is an opening in a planet’s surface
which allows hot magma to escape from below
the surface.
 Study of volcano’s is called Volcano logy and
volcanic eruptions are measured using Volcanic
Exclusivity Index
TSUNAMI’S
 Tsunami means harbor wave and is caused
by the displacement of a large body of water
normally an ocean or a large lake.
TSUNAMI’S
 The biggest tsunami ever happened at
Lituya Bay, Alaska on July 9, 1958. The
megatsunami was around 150 meters tall.
 The tsunami caused by 2004 Indian Ocean
earthquake, is the 6th deadliest Natural
disaster in recorded history with a death
toll of 230,210 – 280,000.
FLOODS
 Floods are caused when water overflows from a
water body.
 One of the biggest floods in the world is probably
the Yellow river in China 1887 which killed
between around 900,000.
WILDFIRE
 A wildfire is any uncontrolled fire in the
countryside or wilderness.
 Other names for a wildfire are brush fire,
bushfire, forest fire, desert fire, grass fire, hill
fire, peat fire, vegetation fire, and veldfire.
 One of the largest wildfire is the 1910 wildfire
DROUGHTS
 A drought is a long period of time in which
a certain region receives a shortage of
water
 Lasting three years from 1958 to 1961, the
Great Chinese Famine is the worst on
record, 15 to 43 million were killed as a
result
 USA has been hit by a huge drought in 2012
decreasing corn income by 12%
LANDSLIDES
 A landslide or a landslip is a movement in the
ground and a shallow flow of debris.
 The largest landslide in history happened
because of Mount St. Helens. 3km of rock moved
downhill.
-INTRODUCTION
• A man-made disasters is a disaster resulting
from human intent, negligence, or error.
• Manmade disasters can be both intentional and
unintentional. It results in huge loss of life and
property. It further affects a person's mental,
physical and social well-being.
REASONS FOR MAN MADE
DISASTERS
•There are multiple factor that may relate to
manmade disasters
•
Weapons
• Chemical
• Carelessly handling
danger
• Illiteracy
• Unawareness
• Ignorance
•Nuclear Disaster Are The Types Of Disaster ThatNuclear Disaster Are The Types Of Disaster That
Falls In This Category Is Nuclear Bomb. When ThisFalls In This Category Is Nuclear Bomb. When This
Occurs, It Is Often As A Result Of Intent And TheOccurs, It Is Often As A Result Of Intent And The
End Results Are Even More Catastrophic With AEnd Results Are Even More Catastrophic With A
Large Percentage Of Those Involved Losing TheirLarge Percentage Of Those Involved Losing Their
Lives.Lives.
CHEMICAL DISASTERS/INDUSTRIALCHEMICAL DISASTERS/INDUSTRIAL
DISASTERSDISASTERS
 By their nature, the manufacture, storage, and
transport of chemicals are accidents waiting to
happen. Chemicals can be toxic, and they may
react, often explosively. The impacts of chemical
accidents can be deadly, for both human being
environments.
PRECAUTIONS
FOR
MAN MADE DISASTERS
NUCLEAR ACCIDENTS
1. One should not look at the fire as it causes
instant blindness
2. Should close all doors and windows as
radioactivity does not penetrate into solid
structures
3. Cover all food and water
CHEMICAL AGENTS
1. Use protective equipment.
2. Give quick and correct selfaid
when contaminated.
3. Avoid areas where chemical
agents exist.
4. Decontaminate your
equipment and body as soon as
possible.
FIRE ACCIDENTS
1. The biggest main reason might
be poor wiring and faulty
electrical equipment, leaking
gas or carelessly thrown
cigarettes and matches
. 2. Wires should be properly
covered.
3. Inflammable things should be
kept safely.
4. Power points should not be
overloaded.
-INTRODUCTION
 The 2008 Mumbai attacks were more than 10
coordinated shooting and bombing terrorist attacks
across Mumbai, India’s financial capital and its
largest city.
 The attacks , which began on 26 November 2008 and
lasted until 29 November, killed atleast 173 people
and wounded atleast 308.
TARGETS OF ATTACKS
South Mumbai:
 Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus
 The Oberoi Trident
 The Taj Mahal Palace&Tower
 Leopold Cafe
 Cama Hospital
 Nariman House
THE TAJ HOTEL
 The operation continued till the morning of Nov. 29th
,
nearly 450 guests were rescued.
 The terrorists killed 32 persons including hotel guests
and staff.
Taj Hotel under flamesTaj Hotel under flames
THE TAJ MAHAL HOTEL CONTD…
 A major of the NSG was killed and another
commando was injured. At the end of the
operation, the four terrorists were killed.
COMMANDOES IN OPERATION
RESCUE WORK AT TAJ BY FIREFIGHTERS
TARGET – OBEROI HOTEL
 Two terrorists entered the hotel through the main
entrance and started firing. Two IED were exploded.
Killing guests and staff on their way.
 NSG took charge of the operation on 27th
morning which
continued for 42 hours. The two terrorists were killed.
33 persons lost their lives.
Oberoi Hotel
TARGET –LEOPOLD CAFÉ & BAR
 The leopold café, a favorite place for indian
and foreigners, was attacked by two
terrorists, firing indiscriminately using
AK-47 and grenade was lobbed.
 Ten persons killed and many injured.
 After about five minutes, they ran towards
Hotel Taj, about half kms. Away.
TARGET –NARIMAN HOUSE
Those , who lost their lives during the
operation
• After 62 hours of battle Our nations(India) brave
soldiers have eliminated militants from Taj,
Oberoi Trident, CST railway station and Nariman
House. At least 195 died and leaving 325 injured.
• Today war is over, but parents, sisters, and
relatives are mourning for their innocent beloved
ones who lost their life. This pain will never be
forgotten by them. It’s a painful moments for our
country.
FACTORS AFFECTINGFACTORS AFFECTING
DISASTERDISASTER
CHARACTERISTIC OF DISASTERCHARACTERISTIC OF DISASTER
 Predictability
 Controllability
 Speed of onset
 Length of forewarning
 Duration of impact
 Scope and intensity of
impact
PHASES OFPHASES OF
DISASTERDISASTER
PRINCIPLES OF DISASTERPRINCIPLES OF DISASTER
MANAGEMENTMANAGEMENT
• Disaster management is the responsibility of all
spheres of government
• Disaster management should use resources that
exist for a day-to-day purpose.
• Organizations should function as an extension of
their core business
• Individuals are responsible for their own safety.
• Disaster management planning should focus on
large-scale events.
PHASES OF DISASTER MANAGEMENTPHASES OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT
DISASTER PREPAREDNESSDISASTER PREPAREDNESS
Preparedness should be in the form of money,
manpower and materials
• Evaluation from past experiences about risk
• Location of disaster prone areas
• Organization of communication, information and
warning system
• Ensuring co-ordination and response mechanisms
CONTD….CONTD….
• Development of public education programme
• Co-ordination with media
• National & international relations
• Keeping stock of foods, drug and other
essential commodities.
E.g.: Indian Meteorological department (IMD) plays a key
role in forewarning the disaster of cyclone-storms by detection tracing. It
has 5 centres in Kolkata, Bhubaneswar, Vishakhapatnam, Chennai &
Mumbai. In addition there are 31 special observation posts setup a long the
east coast of India.
The International Agencies which provides humanitarian assistance to the
disaster strike areas are United Nation agencies.
 Office for the co-ordination of Humanitarian Affair (OCHA)
 World Health Organization (WHO)
 UNICEF
 World Food Programme (WFP)
 Food & Agricultural Organisation (FAD)
E.g.: Non Governmental Organizations
• Co-Operative American Relief Every where (CARE)
• International committee of Red cross
• International committee of Red cross
DISASTERDISASTER
RESPONSERESPONSE
• Epidemiologic surveillance and disease control
• Vaccination
• Nutrition
REHABILITATION PHASEREHABILITATION PHASE
• Water supply
• Food safety
• Basic sanitation and personal hygiene
• Vector control
DISASTER MITIGATIONDISASTER MITIGATION
• This involves lessening the likely effects of emergencies.
• These include depending upon the disaster, protection of vulnerable
population and structure.
Eg. improving structural qualities of schools, houses and such other
buildings so that medical causalities can be minimized.
• Similarly ensuring the safety of health facilities and public health
services including water supply and sewerage system to reduce the cost
of rehabilitation and reconstruction.
This mitigation compliments the disaster preparedness and disaster
response activities.
 
DISASTER-EFFECTSDISASTER-EFFECTS
• Deaths
• Disability
• Increase in communicable disease
• Psychological problems
• Food shortage
• Socioeconomic losses
• Shortage of drugs and medical supplies.
• Environmental disruption
DISASTER RECOVERYDISASTER RECOVERY
• Successful Recovery Preparation
• Be vigilant in Health teaching
• Psychological support
• Referrals to hospital as needed
• Remain alert for environmental health
• Nurse must be attentive to the danger
MAJOR DISASTERS IN INDIA
 1984 Bhopal Gas Tragedy
 2001 Gujarat earthquake
 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami
 2008 Mumbai attacks 
 2012 kedarnath floods
 2014 kashmir floods
INDIA’S VULNERABILITY TO
DISASTERS
• 57% land is vulnerable to earthquakes. Of
these, 12% is vulnerable to severe earthquakes.
• 68% land is vulnerable to drought.
• 12% land is vulnerable to floods.
• 8% land is vulnerable to cyclones.
• Apart from natural disasters, some cities in
India are also vulnerable to chemical and
industrial disasters and man-made disasters.
GOI – NGO DISASTER
PREPARATION AND
RESPONSE COMMITTEE
 Members
• World Vision of India
• SOS Children's Village India
• Ramakrishna Mission
• Plan international
• OXFAM India Trust
• Lutheran World Service India
• Red Cross
• Catholic Relief Services
• CASA
• CARITAS India
• Voluntary Health association Of India
• Action Aid
• Action for Food Production-AFPRO
• Indo German Social Services Society
NODAL AGENCIES FOR DISASTER
MANAGEMENT
 Floods : Ministry of Water Resources, CWC
 Cyclones : Indian Meteorological Department
 Earthquakes : Indian Meteorological Department
 Epidemics : Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
 Avian Flu: Ministry of Health, Ministry of Environmen
 Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry
NODAL AGENCIES FOR DISASTER
MANAGEMENT
• Chemical Disasters : Ministry of Environment and
Forests
• Industrial Disasters : Ministry of Labour
• Rail Accidents : Ministry of Railways
• Air Accidents : Ministry of Civil Aviation
• Fire : Ministry of Home Affairs
• Nuclear Incidents : Department of Atomic Energy
• Mine Disasters : Department of Mines
NEW DIRECTIONS FOR DISASTER
MANAGEMENT IN INDIA
• The National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) has
been set up as the apex body for Disaster Management in
India, with the Prime Minister as its Chairman.
• Disaster Management Authorities will be set up at the State
and District Levels to be headed by the Chief Ministers and
Collectors/Zilla Parishad Chairmen respectively.
NEW DIRECTIONS FOR DISASTER
MANAGEMENT IN INDIA
• A National Disaster Mitigation Fund will be administered by NDMA.
States and districts will administer mitigation funds.
• A National Disaster Response Fund will be administered by NDMA
through the National Executive Committee. States and Districts will
administer state Disaster Response Fund and Disaster Response Fund
respectively.
• 8 Battalions of National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) are being
trained and deployed with CSSR and MFR equipments and tools in eight
strategic locations.
• A National Disaster Management Policy and National Disaster Response
Plan will also be drawn up.
LESSONS LEARNT
 Be Prepared : Preparedness and Mitigation is bound
to yield more effective returns than distributing
relief after a disaster.
 Create a Culture of Preparedness and Prevention.
 Evolve a code of conduct for all stake-holders
FUTURE DIRECTIONS
• Encourage and consolidate knowledge networks
• Mobilize and train disaster volunteers for more
effective preparedness, mitigation and response
(NSS, NCC, Scouts and Guides, NYK, Civil
Defense, Home guards )
• Increased capacity building leads to faster
vulnerability reduction.
• Learn from best practices in disaster
preparedness, mitigation and disaster response
FUTURE DIRECTIONS
 Mobilising stakeholder participation of Self Help Groups,
Women’s Groups, Youth Groups, Panchayati Raj
Institutions
 Anticipatory Governance: Simulation exercises, Mock
drills and Scenario Analysis
 Indigenous knowledge systems and coping practices
 Living with Risk: Community Based Disaster Risk
Management
INVEST IN PREPAREDNESS
• Investments in Preparedness and Prevention
(Mitigation) will yield sustainable results, rather than
spending money on relief after a disaster.
• Most disasters are predictable, especially in their
seasonality and the disaster-prone areas which are
vulnerable.
• Communities must be involved in disaster
preparedness.
NEW POSSIBILITIES
• National Urban Renewal Mission for 70 cities:
recent experience of “unprecedented” extreme
weather conditions in a few major metros and
megacities
• 100,000 Rural Knowledge Centres
( IT Kiosks): Need for Spatial e-Governance for
informed decision making in disaster-prone areas:
before, during and after disasters
DISASTER REDUCTION DAY
• NIDM observed "Disaster Reduction Day" on the
12th October
• Rallies and special lectures were organized in
the universities and colleges to mark the
initiatives of awareness for disaster reduction
amongst youth & children
• Children's Colour Activity Book for Disaster
Preparedness
 FOR INFORMATION ON DISASTERS
DIAL TOLL FREE No. 1070
 Log on to http://www.ndmindia.nic.in
DISASTER NURSINGDISASTER NURSING
• It can be defined as the adaptation of
professional nursing skills in recognizing
and meeting the nursing, physical and
emotional needs resulting from a
disaster.
DISASTERDISASTER
MANAGEMENT CLUBMANAGEMENT CLUB

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Disaster management

  • 1.
  • 2. •D: detection •I: incident command •S: safety and security •A: assess •H: hazard •S: support •T: triage and treatment •E: evacuation •R:recovery
  • 3. WHAT IS DISASTER MANAGEMENT ??? • “A disaster can be defined as any occurrence that cause damage, ecological disruption, loss of human life, deterioration of health and health services on a scale, sufficient to warrant an extraordinary response from outside the affected community or area”. (W.H.O.) • “A disaster can be defined as an occurrence either nature or manmade that causes human suffering and creates human needs that victims cannot alleviate without assistance”. American Red Cross (ARC) ’
  • 4. WHAT IS DISASTERWHAT IS DISASTER MANAGEMENTMANAGEMENT
  • 5. WHAT IT INVOLVES ??  Dealing with and avoiding both natural and man made disasters.   Preparedness before disaster.  Rebuilding and supporting society after natural disasters.
  • 7. NATURAL DISASTERS A natural disaster is the effect of a natural hazard (e.g., flood, tornado, hurricane, volcanic eruption, earthquake, or landslide)
  • 8. LIST OF TOP 10 NATURAL DISASTERS 1. Cyclone 2. Earthquake 3. Tornado 4. Volcanic Eruption 5. Tsunami 6. Flood 7. Wildfire 8. Drought 9. Avalanche 10. Landslide
  • 9. CYCLONES  A cyclone is an area of closed, circular fluid motion. It has low pressure on the inside and high pressure on the outside.  The center of the storm is called the eye and it has the calmest water and the lowest pressure
  • 10. EARTHQUAKES  It is the result of a sudden release of energy from the earth’s crust that creates seismic waves.  They are measured using seismographs.
  • 11. EARTHQUAKES  .The Valdivia earthquake also known as the great Chilean earthquake is the biggest earthquake ever recorded. It hit Chile on May 22, 1960 with a magnitude of 9.5 and a death toll of around 6000
  • 12. TORNADOS (TWISTERS)  A tornado is a violently rotating column of air that is touching both the ground and a cumulonimbus cloud.  Tornado conditions are caused when different temperatures and humidity meet to form thunder clouds  “Twisters” can attain speeds up to 100 miles an hour
  • 13. VOLCANIC ERUPTION  A volcano is an opening in a planet’s surface which allows hot magma to escape from below the surface.  Study of volcano’s is called Volcano logy and volcanic eruptions are measured using Volcanic Exclusivity Index
  • 14. TSUNAMI’S  Tsunami means harbor wave and is caused by the displacement of a large body of water normally an ocean or a large lake.
  • 15. TSUNAMI’S  The biggest tsunami ever happened at Lituya Bay, Alaska on July 9, 1958. The megatsunami was around 150 meters tall.  The tsunami caused by 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake, is the 6th deadliest Natural disaster in recorded history with a death toll of 230,210 – 280,000.
  • 16. FLOODS  Floods are caused when water overflows from a water body.  One of the biggest floods in the world is probably the Yellow river in China 1887 which killed between around 900,000.
  • 17. WILDFIRE  A wildfire is any uncontrolled fire in the countryside or wilderness.  Other names for a wildfire are brush fire, bushfire, forest fire, desert fire, grass fire, hill fire, peat fire, vegetation fire, and veldfire.  One of the largest wildfire is the 1910 wildfire
  • 18. DROUGHTS  A drought is a long period of time in which a certain region receives a shortage of water  Lasting three years from 1958 to 1961, the Great Chinese Famine is the worst on record, 15 to 43 million were killed as a result  USA has been hit by a huge drought in 2012 decreasing corn income by 12%
  • 19. LANDSLIDES  A landslide or a landslip is a movement in the ground and a shallow flow of debris.  The largest landslide in history happened because of Mount St. Helens. 3km of rock moved downhill.
  • 20.
  • 21. -INTRODUCTION • A man-made disasters is a disaster resulting from human intent, negligence, or error. • Manmade disasters can be both intentional and unintentional. It results in huge loss of life and property. It further affects a person's mental, physical and social well-being.
  • 22. REASONS FOR MAN MADE DISASTERS •There are multiple factor that may relate to manmade disasters • Weapons • Chemical • Carelessly handling danger • Illiteracy • Unawareness • Ignorance
  • 23. •Nuclear Disaster Are The Types Of Disaster ThatNuclear Disaster Are The Types Of Disaster That Falls In This Category Is Nuclear Bomb. When ThisFalls In This Category Is Nuclear Bomb. When This Occurs, It Is Often As A Result Of Intent And TheOccurs, It Is Often As A Result Of Intent And The End Results Are Even More Catastrophic With AEnd Results Are Even More Catastrophic With A Large Percentage Of Those Involved Losing TheirLarge Percentage Of Those Involved Losing Their Lives.Lives.
  • 24.
  • 25. CHEMICAL DISASTERS/INDUSTRIALCHEMICAL DISASTERS/INDUSTRIAL DISASTERSDISASTERS  By their nature, the manufacture, storage, and transport of chemicals are accidents waiting to happen. Chemicals can be toxic, and they may react, often explosively. The impacts of chemical accidents can be deadly, for both human being environments.
  • 26.
  • 28. NUCLEAR ACCIDENTS 1. One should not look at the fire as it causes instant blindness 2. Should close all doors and windows as radioactivity does not penetrate into solid structures 3. Cover all food and water
  • 29.
  • 30. CHEMICAL AGENTS 1. Use protective equipment. 2. Give quick and correct selfaid when contaminated. 3. Avoid areas where chemical agents exist. 4. Decontaminate your equipment and body as soon as possible.
  • 31.
  • 32. FIRE ACCIDENTS 1. The biggest main reason might be poor wiring and faulty electrical equipment, leaking gas or carelessly thrown cigarettes and matches . 2. Wires should be properly covered. 3. Inflammable things should be kept safely. 4. Power points should not be overloaded.
  • 33.
  • 34.
  • 35. -INTRODUCTION  The 2008 Mumbai attacks were more than 10 coordinated shooting and bombing terrorist attacks across Mumbai, India’s financial capital and its largest city.  The attacks , which began on 26 November 2008 and lasted until 29 November, killed atleast 173 people and wounded atleast 308.
  • 36. TARGETS OF ATTACKS South Mumbai:  Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus  The Oberoi Trident  The Taj Mahal Palace&Tower  Leopold Cafe  Cama Hospital  Nariman House
  • 37.
  • 38. THE TAJ HOTEL  The operation continued till the morning of Nov. 29th , nearly 450 guests were rescued.  The terrorists killed 32 persons including hotel guests and staff.
  • 39. Taj Hotel under flamesTaj Hotel under flames
  • 40. THE TAJ MAHAL HOTEL CONTD…  A major of the NSG was killed and another commando was injured. At the end of the operation, the four terrorists were killed.
  • 42. RESCUE WORK AT TAJ BY FIREFIGHTERS
  • 43. TARGET – OBEROI HOTEL  Two terrorists entered the hotel through the main entrance and started firing. Two IED were exploded. Killing guests and staff on their way.  NSG took charge of the operation on 27th morning which continued for 42 hours. The two terrorists were killed. 33 persons lost their lives.
  • 45. TARGET –LEOPOLD CAFÉ & BAR  The leopold café, a favorite place for indian and foreigners, was attacked by two terrorists, firing indiscriminately using AK-47 and grenade was lobbed.  Ten persons killed and many injured.  After about five minutes, they ran towards Hotel Taj, about half kms. Away.
  • 47. Those , who lost their lives during the operation
  • 48. • After 62 hours of battle Our nations(India) brave soldiers have eliminated militants from Taj, Oberoi Trident, CST railway station and Nariman House. At least 195 died and leaving 325 injured. • Today war is over, but parents, sisters, and relatives are mourning for their innocent beloved ones who lost their life. This pain will never be forgotten by them. It’s a painful moments for our country.
  • 49.
  • 51. CHARACTERISTIC OF DISASTERCHARACTERISTIC OF DISASTER  Predictability  Controllability  Speed of onset  Length of forewarning  Duration of impact  Scope and intensity of impact
  • 53. PRINCIPLES OF DISASTERPRINCIPLES OF DISASTER MANAGEMENTMANAGEMENT • Disaster management is the responsibility of all spheres of government • Disaster management should use resources that exist for a day-to-day purpose. • Organizations should function as an extension of their core business • Individuals are responsible for their own safety. • Disaster management planning should focus on large-scale events.
  • 54. PHASES OF DISASTER MANAGEMENTPHASES OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT
  • 55. DISASTER PREPAREDNESSDISASTER PREPAREDNESS Preparedness should be in the form of money, manpower and materials • Evaluation from past experiences about risk • Location of disaster prone areas • Organization of communication, information and warning system • Ensuring co-ordination and response mechanisms
  • 56. CONTD….CONTD…. • Development of public education programme • Co-ordination with media • National & international relations • Keeping stock of foods, drug and other essential commodities.
  • 57. E.g.: Indian Meteorological department (IMD) plays a key role in forewarning the disaster of cyclone-storms by detection tracing. It has 5 centres in Kolkata, Bhubaneswar, Vishakhapatnam, Chennai & Mumbai. In addition there are 31 special observation posts setup a long the east coast of India. The International Agencies which provides humanitarian assistance to the disaster strike areas are United Nation agencies.  Office for the co-ordination of Humanitarian Affair (OCHA)  World Health Organization (WHO)  UNICEF  World Food Programme (WFP)  Food & Agricultural Organisation (FAD) E.g.: Non Governmental Organizations • Co-Operative American Relief Every where (CARE) • International committee of Red cross • International committee of Red cross
  • 58. DISASTERDISASTER RESPONSERESPONSE • Epidemiologic surveillance and disease control • Vaccination • Nutrition
  • 59. REHABILITATION PHASEREHABILITATION PHASE • Water supply • Food safety • Basic sanitation and personal hygiene • Vector control
  • 60. DISASTER MITIGATIONDISASTER MITIGATION • This involves lessening the likely effects of emergencies. • These include depending upon the disaster, protection of vulnerable population and structure. Eg. improving structural qualities of schools, houses and such other buildings so that medical causalities can be minimized. • Similarly ensuring the safety of health facilities and public health services including water supply and sewerage system to reduce the cost of rehabilitation and reconstruction. This mitigation compliments the disaster preparedness and disaster response activities.  
  • 61. DISASTER-EFFECTSDISASTER-EFFECTS • Deaths • Disability • Increase in communicable disease • Psychological problems • Food shortage • Socioeconomic losses • Shortage of drugs and medical supplies. • Environmental disruption
  • 62. DISASTER RECOVERYDISASTER RECOVERY • Successful Recovery Preparation • Be vigilant in Health teaching • Psychological support • Referrals to hospital as needed • Remain alert for environmental health • Nurse must be attentive to the danger
  • 63. MAJOR DISASTERS IN INDIA  1984 Bhopal Gas Tragedy  2001 Gujarat earthquake  2004 Indian Ocean tsunami  2008 Mumbai attacks   2012 kedarnath floods  2014 kashmir floods
  • 64. INDIA’S VULNERABILITY TO DISASTERS • 57% land is vulnerable to earthquakes. Of these, 12% is vulnerable to severe earthquakes. • 68% land is vulnerable to drought. • 12% land is vulnerable to floods. • 8% land is vulnerable to cyclones. • Apart from natural disasters, some cities in India are also vulnerable to chemical and industrial disasters and man-made disasters.
  • 65. GOI – NGO DISASTER PREPARATION AND RESPONSE COMMITTEE  Members • World Vision of India • SOS Children's Village India • Ramakrishna Mission • Plan international • OXFAM India Trust • Lutheran World Service India • Red Cross • Catholic Relief Services • CASA • CARITAS India • Voluntary Health association Of India • Action Aid • Action for Food Production-AFPRO • Indo German Social Services Society
  • 66. NODAL AGENCIES FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT  Floods : Ministry of Water Resources, CWC  Cyclones : Indian Meteorological Department  Earthquakes : Indian Meteorological Department  Epidemics : Ministry of Health and Family Welfare  Avian Flu: Ministry of Health, Ministry of Environmen  Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry
  • 67. NODAL AGENCIES FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT • Chemical Disasters : Ministry of Environment and Forests • Industrial Disasters : Ministry of Labour • Rail Accidents : Ministry of Railways • Air Accidents : Ministry of Civil Aviation • Fire : Ministry of Home Affairs • Nuclear Incidents : Department of Atomic Energy • Mine Disasters : Department of Mines
  • 68. NEW DIRECTIONS FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT IN INDIA • The National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) has been set up as the apex body for Disaster Management in India, with the Prime Minister as its Chairman. • Disaster Management Authorities will be set up at the State and District Levels to be headed by the Chief Ministers and Collectors/Zilla Parishad Chairmen respectively.
  • 69. NEW DIRECTIONS FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT IN INDIA • A National Disaster Mitigation Fund will be administered by NDMA. States and districts will administer mitigation funds. • A National Disaster Response Fund will be administered by NDMA through the National Executive Committee. States and Districts will administer state Disaster Response Fund and Disaster Response Fund respectively. • 8 Battalions of National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) are being trained and deployed with CSSR and MFR equipments and tools in eight strategic locations. • A National Disaster Management Policy and National Disaster Response Plan will also be drawn up.
  • 70. LESSONS LEARNT  Be Prepared : Preparedness and Mitigation is bound to yield more effective returns than distributing relief after a disaster.  Create a Culture of Preparedness and Prevention.  Evolve a code of conduct for all stake-holders
  • 71.
  • 72. FUTURE DIRECTIONS • Encourage and consolidate knowledge networks • Mobilize and train disaster volunteers for more effective preparedness, mitigation and response (NSS, NCC, Scouts and Guides, NYK, Civil Defense, Home guards ) • Increased capacity building leads to faster vulnerability reduction. • Learn from best practices in disaster preparedness, mitigation and disaster response
  • 73. FUTURE DIRECTIONS  Mobilising stakeholder participation of Self Help Groups, Women’s Groups, Youth Groups, Panchayati Raj Institutions  Anticipatory Governance: Simulation exercises, Mock drills and Scenario Analysis  Indigenous knowledge systems and coping practices  Living with Risk: Community Based Disaster Risk Management
  • 74. INVEST IN PREPAREDNESS • Investments in Preparedness and Prevention (Mitigation) will yield sustainable results, rather than spending money on relief after a disaster. • Most disasters are predictable, especially in their seasonality and the disaster-prone areas which are vulnerable. • Communities must be involved in disaster preparedness.
  • 75. NEW POSSIBILITIES • National Urban Renewal Mission for 70 cities: recent experience of “unprecedented” extreme weather conditions in a few major metros and megacities • 100,000 Rural Knowledge Centres ( IT Kiosks): Need for Spatial e-Governance for informed decision making in disaster-prone areas: before, during and after disasters
  • 76. DISASTER REDUCTION DAY • NIDM observed "Disaster Reduction Day" on the 12th October • Rallies and special lectures were organized in the universities and colleges to mark the initiatives of awareness for disaster reduction amongst youth & children • Children's Colour Activity Book for Disaster Preparedness
  • 77.  FOR INFORMATION ON DISASTERS DIAL TOLL FREE No. 1070  Log on to http://www.ndmindia.nic.in
  • 78. DISASTER NURSINGDISASTER NURSING • It can be defined as the adaptation of professional nursing skills in recognizing and meeting the nursing, physical and emotional needs resulting from a disaster.
  • 79.