This document provides information about disaster management including definitions of disasters, what disaster management involves, types of disasters, factors affecting disasters, and the phases of disaster management. It defines disasters as events that cause damage and loss of life on a large scale. Disaster management deals with preparedness, response, and rehabilitation for both natural disasters like floods, earthquakes, and cyclones as well as man-made disasters. The phases of disaster management include preparedness before a disaster, response during a disaster, and rehabilitation after a disaster. Major factors that influence disasters are their predictability, speed of onset, and duration and scope of impacts.

2. •D: detection
•I: incident command
•S: safety and security
•A: assess
•H: hazard
•S: support
•T: triage and treatment
•E: evacuation
•R:recovery

3. WHAT IS DISASTER
MANAGEMENT ???
• “A disaster can be defined as any occurrence
that cause damage, ecological disruption, loss of
human life, deterioration of health and health
services on a scale, sufficient to warrant an
extraordinary response from outside the affected
community or area”.
(W.H.O.)
• “A disaster can be defined as an occurrence
either nature or manmade that causes human
suffering and creates human needs that victims
cannot alleviate without assistance”.
American
Red Cross (ARC) ’

4. WHAT IS DISASTERWHAT IS DISASTER
MANAGEMENTMANAGEMENT

5. WHAT IT INVOLVES ??
 Dealing with and avoiding both natural and man
made disasters.
 Preparedness before disaster.
 Rebuilding and supporting society after natural
disasters.

6. TYPES OFTYPES OF
DISASTERDISASTER

7. NATURAL DISASTERS
A natural disaster is the effect of a natural hazard
(e.g., flood, tornado, hurricane, volcanic eruption,
earthquake, or landslide)

8. LIST OF TOP 10 NATURAL
DISASTERS
1. Cyclone
2. Earthquake
3. Tornado
4. Volcanic Eruption
5. Tsunami
6. Flood
7. Wildfire
8. Drought
9. Avalanche
10. Landslide

9. CYCLONES
 A cyclone is an area of closed, circular fluid
motion. It has low pressure on the inside and
high pressure on the outside.
 The center of the storm is called the eye and it
has the calmest water and the lowest pressure

10. EARTHQUAKES
 It is the result of a sudden release of energy
from the earth’s crust that creates seismic
waves.
 They are measured using seismographs.

11. EARTHQUAKES
 .The Valdivia earthquake also known as the
great Chilean earthquake is the biggest
earthquake ever recorded. It hit Chile on
May 22, 1960 with a magnitude of 9.5 and a
death toll of around 6000

12. TORNADOS (TWISTERS)
 A tornado is a violently rotating column of air
that is touching both the ground and a
cumulonimbus cloud.
 Tornado conditions are caused when different
temperatures and humidity meet to form
thunder clouds
 “Twisters” can attain speeds up to 100 miles an
hour

13. VOLCANIC ERUPTION
 A volcano is an opening in a planet’s surface
which allows hot magma to escape from below
the surface.
 Study of volcano’s is called Volcano logy and
volcanic eruptions are measured using Volcanic
Exclusivity Index

14. TSUNAMI’S
 Tsunami means harbor wave and is caused
by the displacement of a large body of water
normally an ocean or a large lake.

15. TSUNAMI’S
 The biggest tsunami ever happened at
Lituya Bay, Alaska on July 9, 1958. The
megatsunami was around 150 meters tall.
 The tsunami caused by 2004 Indian Ocean
earthquake, is the 6th deadliest Natural
disaster in recorded history with a death
toll of 230,210 – 280,000.

16. FLOODS
 Floods are caused when water overflows from a
water body.
 One of the biggest floods in the world is probably
the Yellow river in China 1887 which killed
between around 900,000.

17. WILDFIRE
 A wildfire is any uncontrolled fire in the
countryside or wilderness.
 Other names for a wildfire are brush fire,
bushfire, forest fire, desert fire, grass fire, hill
fire, peat fire, vegetation fire, and veldfire.
 One of the largest wildfire is the 1910 wildfire

18. DROUGHTS
 A drought is a long period of time in which
a certain region receives a shortage of
water
 Lasting three years from 1958 to 1961, the
Great Chinese Famine is the worst on
record, 15 to 43 million were killed as a
result
 USA has been hit by a huge drought in 2012
decreasing corn income by 12%

19. LANDSLIDES
 A landslide or a landslip is a movement in the
ground and a shallow flow of debris.
 The largest landslide in history happened
because of Mount St. Helens. 3km of rock moved
downhill.

21. -INTRODUCTION
• A man-made disasters is a disaster resulting
from human intent, negligence, or error.
• Manmade disasters can be both intentional and
unintentional. It results in huge loss of life and
property. It further affects a person's mental,
physical and social well-being.

22. REASONS FOR MAN MADE
DISASTERS
•There are multiple factor that may relate to
manmade disasters
•
Weapons
• Chemical
• Carelessly handling
danger
• Illiteracy
• Unawareness
• Ignorance

23. •Nuclear Disaster Are The Types Of Disaster ThatNuclear Disaster Are The Types Of Disaster That
Falls In This Category Is Nuclear Bomb. When ThisFalls In This Category Is Nuclear Bomb. When This
Occurs, It Is Often As A Result Of Intent And TheOccurs, It Is Often As A Result Of Intent And The
End Results Are Even More Catastrophic With AEnd Results Are Even More Catastrophic With A
Large Percentage Of Those Involved Losing TheirLarge Percentage Of Those Involved Losing Their
Lives.Lives.

25. CHEMICAL DISASTERS/INDUSTRIALCHEMICAL DISASTERS/INDUSTRIAL
DISASTERSDISASTERS
 By their nature, the manufacture, storage, and
transport of chemicals are accidents waiting to
happen. Chemicals can be toxic, and they may
react, often explosively. The impacts of chemical
accidents can be deadly, for both human being
environments.

27. PRECAUTIONS
FOR
MAN MADE DISASTERS

28. NUCLEAR ACCIDENTS
1. One should not look at the fire as it causes
instant blindness
2. Should close all doors and windows as
radioactivity does not penetrate into solid
structures
3. Cover all food and water

30. CHEMICAL AGENTS
1. Use protective equipment.
2. Give quick and correct selfaid
when contaminated.
3. Avoid areas where chemical
agents exist.
4. Decontaminate your
equipment and body as soon as
possible.

32. FIRE ACCIDENTS
1. The biggest main reason might
be poor wiring and faulty
electrical equipment, leaking
gas or carelessly thrown
cigarettes and matches
. 2. Wires should be properly
covered.
3. Inflammable things should be
kept safely.
4. Power points should not be
overloaded.

35. -INTRODUCTION
 The 2008 Mumbai attacks were more than 10
coordinated shooting and bombing terrorist attacks
across Mumbai, India’s financial capital and its
largest city.
 The attacks , which began on 26 November 2008 and
lasted until 29 November, killed atleast 173 people
and wounded atleast 308.

36. TARGETS OF ATTACKS
South Mumbai:
 Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus
 The Oberoi Trident
 The Taj Mahal Palace&Tower
 Leopold Cafe
 Cama Hospital
 Nariman House

38. THE TAJ HOTEL
 The operation continued till the morning of Nov. 29th
,
nearly 450 guests were rescued.
 The terrorists killed 32 persons including hotel guests
and staff.

39. Taj Hotel under flamesTaj Hotel under flames

40. THE TAJ MAHAL HOTEL CONTD…
 A major of the NSG was killed and another
commando was injured. At the end of the
operation, the four terrorists were killed.

41. COMMANDOES IN OPERATION

42. RESCUE WORK AT TAJ BY FIREFIGHTERS

43. TARGET – OBEROI HOTEL
 Two terrorists entered the hotel through the main
entrance and started firing. Two IED were exploded.
Killing guests and staff on their way.
 NSG took charge of the operation on 27th
morning which
continued for 42 hours. The two terrorists were killed.
33 persons lost their lives.

44. Oberoi Hotel

45. TARGET –LEOPOLD CAFÉ & BAR
 The leopold café, a favorite place for indian
and foreigners, was attacked by two
terrorists, firing indiscriminately using
AK-47 and grenade was lobbed.
 Ten persons killed and many injured.
 After about five minutes, they ran towards
Hotel Taj, about half kms. Away.

46. TARGET –NARIMAN HOUSE

47. Those , who lost their lives during the
operation

48. • After 62 hours of battle Our nations(India) brave
soldiers have eliminated militants from Taj,
Oberoi Trident, CST railway station and Nariman
House. At least 195 died and leaving 325 injured.
• Today war is over, but parents, sisters, and
relatives are mourning for their innocent beloved
ones who lost their life. This pain will never be
forgotten by them. It’s a painful moments for our
country.

50. FACTORS AFFECTINGFACTORS AFFECTING
DISASTERDISASTER

51. CHARACTERISTIC OF DISASTERCHARACTERISTIC OF DISASTER
 Predictability
 Controllability
 Speed of onset
 Length of forewarning
 Duration of impact
 Scope and intensity of
impact

52. PHASES OFPHASES OF
DISASTERDISASTER

53. PRINCIPLES OF DISASTERPRINCIPLES OF DISASTER
MANAGEMENTMANAGEMENT
• Disaster management is the responsibility of all
spheres of government
• Disaster management should use resources that
exist for a day-to-day purpose.
• Organizations should function as an extension of
their core business
• Individuals are responsible for their own safety.
• Disaster management planning should focus on
large-scale events.

54. PHASES OF DISASTER MANAGEMENTPHASES OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT

55. DISASTER PREPAREDNESSDISASTER PREPAREDNESS
Preparedness should be in the form of money,
manpower and materials
• Evaluation from past experiences about risk
• Location of disaster prone areas
• Organization of communication, information and
warning system
• Ensuring co-ordination and response mechanisms

56. CONTD….CONTD….
• Development of public education programme
• Co-ordination with media
• National & international relations
• Keeping stock of foods, drug and other
essential commodities.

57. E.g.: Indian Meteorological department (IMD) plays a key
role in forewarning the disaster of cyclone-storms by detection tracing. It
has 5 centres in Kolkata, Bhubaneswar, Vishakhapatnam, Chennai &
Mumbai. In addition there are 31 special observation posts setup a long the
east coast of India.
The International Agencies which provides humanitarian assistance to the
disaster strike areas are United Nation agencies.
 Office for the co-ordination of Humanitarian Affair (OCHA)
 World Health Organization (WHO)
 UNICEF
 World Food Programme (WFP)
 Food & Agricultural Organisation (FAD)
E.g.: Non Governmental Organizations
• Co-Operative American Relief Every where (CARE)
• International committee of Red cross
• International committee of Red cross

58. DISASTERDISASTER
RESPONSERESPONSE
• Epidemiologic surveillance and disease control
• Vaccination
• Nutrition

59. REHABILITATION PHASEREHABILITATION PHASE
• Water supply
• Food safety
• Basic sanitation and personal hygiene
• Vector control

60. DISASTER MITIGATIONDISASTER MITIGATION
• This involves lessening the likely effects of emergencies.
• These include depending upon the disaster, protection of vulnerable
population and structure.
Eg. improving structural qualities of schools, houses and such other
buildings so that medical causalities can be minimized.
• Similarly ensuring the safety of health facilities and public health
services including water supply and sewerage system to reduce the cost
of rehabilitation and reconstruction.
This mitigation compliments the disaster preparedness and disaster
response activities.

61. DISASTER-EFFECTSDISASTER-EFFECTS
• Deaths
• Disability
• Increase in communicable disease
• Psychological problems
• Food shortage
• Socioeconomic losses
• Shortage of drugs and medical supplies.
• Environmental disruption

62. DISASTER RECOVERYDISASTER RECOVERY
• Successful Recovery Preparation
• Be vigilant in Health teaching
• Psychological support
• Referrals to hospital as needed
• Remain alert for environmental health
• Nurse must be attentive to the danger

63. MAJOR DISASTERS IN INDIA
 1984 Bhopal Gas Tragedy
 2001 Gujarat earthquake
 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami
 2008 Mumbai attacks
 2012 kedarnath floods
 2014 kashmir floods

64. INDIA’S VULNERABILITY TO
DISASTERS
• 57% land is vulnerable to earthquakes. Of
these, 12% is vulnerable to severe earthquakes.
• 68% land is vulnerable to drought.
• 12% land is vulnerable to floods.
• 8% land is vulnerable to cyclones.
• Apart from natural disasters, some cities in
India are also vulnerable to chemical and
industrial disasters and man-made disasters.

65. GOI – NGO DISASTER
PREPARATION AND
RESPONSE COMMITTEE
 Members
• World Vision of India
• SOS Children's Village India
• Ramakrishna Mission
• Plan international
• OXFAM India Trust
• Lutheran World Service India
• Red Cross
• Catholic Relief Services
• CASA
• CARITAS India
• Voluntary Health association Of India
• Action Aid
• Action for Food Production-AFPRO
• Indo German Social Services Society

66. NODAL AGENCIES FOR DISASTER
MANAGEMENT
 Floods : Ministry of Water Resources, CWC
 Cyclones : Indian Meteorological Department
 Earthquakes : Indian Meteorological Department
 Epidemics : Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
 Avian Flu: Ministry of Health, Ministry of Environmen
 Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry

67. NODAL AGENCIES FOR DISASTER
MANAGEMENT
• Chemical Disasters : Ministry of Environment and
Forests
• Industrial Disasters : Ministry of Labour
• Rail Accidents : Ministry of Railways
• Air Accidents : Ministry of Civil Aviation
• Fire : Ministry of Home Affairs
• Nuclear Incidents : Department of Atomic Energy
• Mine Disasters : Department of Mines

68. NEW DIRECTIONS FOR DISASTER
MANAGEMENT IN INDIA
• The National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) has
been set up as the apex body for Disaster Management in
India, with the Prime Minister as its Chairman.
• Disaster Management Authorities will be set up at the State
and District Levels to be headed by the Chief Ministers and
Collectors/Zilla Parishad Chairmen respectively.

69. NEW DIRECTIONS FOR DISASTER
MANAGEMENT IN INDIA
• A National Disaster Mitigation Fund will be administered by NDMA.
States and districts will administer mitigation funds.
• A National Disaster Response Fund will be administered by NDMA
through the National Executive Committee. States and Districts will
administer state Disaster Response Fund and Disaster Response Fund
respectively.
• 8 Battalions of National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) are being
trained and deployed with CSSR and MFR equipments and tools in eight
strategic locations.
• A National Disaster Management Policy and National Disaster Response
Plan will also be drawn up.

70. LESSONS LEARNT
 Be Prepared : Preparedness and Mitigation is bound
to yield more effective returns than distributing
relief after a disaster.
 Create a Culture of Preparedness and Prevention.
 Evolve a code of conduct for all stake-holders

72. FUTURE DIRECTIONS
• Encourage and consolidate knowledge networks
• Mobilize and train disaster volunteers for more
effective preparedness, mitigation and response
(NSS, NCC, Scouts and Guides, NYK, Civil
Defense, Home guards )
• Increased capacity building leads to faster
vulnerability reduction.
• Learn from best practices in disaster
preparedness, mitigation and disaster response

73. FUTURE DIRECTIONS
 Mobilising stakeholder participation of Self Help Groups,
Women’s Groups, Youth Groups, Panchayati Raj
Institutions
 Anticipatory Governance: Simulation exercises, Mock
drills and Scenario Analysis
 Indigenous knowledge systems and coping practices
 Living with Risk: Community Based Disaster Risk
Management

74. INVEST IN PREPAREDNESS
• Investments in Preparedness and Prevention
(Mitigation) will yield sustainable results, rather than
spending money on relief after a disaster.
• Most disasters are predictable, especially in their
seasonality and the disaster-prone areas which are
vulnerable.
• Communities must be involved in disaster
preparedness.

75. NEW POSSIBILITIES
• National Urban Renewal Mission for 70 cities:
recent experience of “unprecedented” extreme
weather conditions in a few major metros and
megacities
• 100,000 Rural Knowledge Centres
( IT Kiosks): Need for Spatial e-Governance for
informed decision making in disaster-prone areas:
before, during and after disasters

76. DISASTER REDUCTION DAY
• NIDM observed "Disaster Reduction Day" on the
12th October
• Rallies and special lectures were organized in
the universities and colleges to mark the
initiatives of awareness for disaster reduction
amongst youth & children
• Children's Colour Activity Book for Disaster
Preparedness

77.  FOR INFORMATION ON DISASTERS
DIAL TOLL FREE No. 1070
 Log on to http://www.ndmindia.nic.in

78. DISASTER NURSINGDISASTER NURSING
• It can be defined as the adaptation of
professional nursing skills in recognizing
and meeting the nursing, physical and
emotional needs resulting from a
disaster.

80. DISASTERDISASTER
MANAGEMENT CLUBMANAGEMENT CLUB