1. Direct speech uses quotation marks to report the exact words spoken, while indirect speech reports the general idea without quotation marks by using verbs like say, ask, or tell. 2. Indirect speech changes verbs to past tense and changes pronouns and determiners. It does not change the tense if the statement is still true. 3. Indirect speech uses verbs like order, tell, and warn to report orders, instructions, or warnings rather than just say. It can also use constructions like "to verb" or "not to verb".

1. Direct Speech
The exact words that someone says are called direct speech. Quotation marks “ ” are used to set
off direct speech.
Mom said, “Where are my keys?” “This ice cream is delicious,” said Tom.
“Have you boys washed your hands?” asked Dad.
“Please get out of the car,” the police officer ordered. “What a beautiful dress!” said Sally.

2. Indirect Speech:
You can report what someone says without using their exact words. To
do
this, use a verb like say, ask or tell, followed by that. This is called
indirect speech.
There are several differences between a sentence with direct speech
and a sentence with indirect speech.
1.- You don’t use quotation marks with indirect speech.
2.- You change the tense of the verb.
3.- You change the pronouns and determiners.
Remember: that
the past tense of
can is could and
the past tense of
will is would.

3. DIRECT SPEECH
Maggie said, “I feel il”.
Sumiko said, “It’s time to leave”.
“I can’t find my book”, said Alice.
“Jhon is hitting me “, said Peter.
Dad said “I haven’t had my
breakfast yet”.
INDIRECT SPEECH
Maggie saild that she felt ill.
Sumiko said that it was time to
leave.
Alice said that she couln’t find her
book.
Peter said that Jhon was hitting
him.
Dad said that he hadn’t had his
breakfast yet.

4.  When you are using indirect speech to report a statement that is
still true now, you don’t change the tense of the verb.
Direct speech
John said, “my mom doesn’t like
fish”
“I live in a house by the sea”, said
Anna.
Dad said, “Paris is a beautiful city”.
Indirect speech
John said that his mom doesn’t
like fish.
Anna said that she lives in a house
by the sea.
Dad said Paris is a beautiful city.

5. Use verbs like order, tell and warmto report orders and instructions.
The constructions: To + verb or not to+ verb may also be used.
Direct speech
The teacher said, “stop running in
the corridor”
“put your books away, children,”
said Mr. Park.
Miss Lee said to Alan, “don’t be late
again tomorrow”.
Indirect speech
The teacher ordered us to stop
running in the corridor.
Mr. Park told the children to put
their books away.
Miss Leed warned Alan not to be
late again the next day.

6. Indirect questions:
To report a question, put the subject before the verb or helping verb.
Remember that the subject comes after the helping verb when you ask a
question. Here are some examples. The subjects are printed in bold and the
verbs are printed in color.
Asking a question:
“Where are they going?”
“Can Jack ride his bike?”
“Did Miss Lee sing a song?”
“Has she finished her homework?”
Reporting a question:
I asked where they were going.
I asked if Jack could ride his bike.
I asked whether Miss Lee sang a
song.
I asked is she had finished her
homework.

7.  To report a question-word question, use the same question word in
direct speech.
Direct speech:
Mom said, “where are your
shoes?”
Maggie said, “who has taken my
pen?”
What time does the show start?”
asked Sue.
Indirect speech:
Mom asked where my shoes were.
Maggie asked who had taken her
pen.
Sue asked what time the show
started.