Direct indirect Speech.ppt
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The document discusses the differences between direct and indirect speech. It explains that in indirect speech, tenses change and situations are modified. For example, "I am coming" becomes "he was coming". Additionally, questions and actions like orders or requests are formatted differently in indirect speech. Wh-questions also follow specific transformation rules, such as changing pronouns and adjusting verb tenses. Overall, the document provides guidelines for correctly changing direct speech to indirect speech based on parts of speech and tense.
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Kartikey
THIS IS FOR THOSE STUDENT WHO CAN SLOWER IN STUDY OR WHO CAN KNOW ABOUT THE DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH . HERE IS ALL ABOUT THE SPEECH YOU CAN EASYLI READ & LEARN .
Direct and indirect speech
The document discusses the differences between direct and indirect speech. It explains that indirect speech involves changing pronouns, tenses, places, times and situations compared to what was said in direct speech. Questions and actions like orders are also transformed, such as changing yes/no questions to use if/whether and using an infinitive after order. Tenses are generally changed except for modals and statements about present or future events. WH-questions are transformed by putting the subject before the verb and changing pronouns.
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This document discusses different ways to express obligation, necessity, prohibition, and advice in English using modal verbs and expressions.
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Expressing wishes.
This document discusses different ways to express wishes in English using the verbs "wish" and "would". It explains:
- Using "wish" + past simple to express wishes about changing present situations (e.g. "I wish I didn't have to get up so early")
- Using "wish" + past perfect to express wishes about changing the past (e.g. "I wish I hadn't lost my pen")
- Using "wish" + "would" to express wanting someone else to do or not do something (e.g. "I wish you wouldn't be so rude")
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2. Plural nouns have no singular form and take a plural verb. They cannot be used with "a/an".
3. Collective nouns like "team" and "family" refer to groups and usually take a singular verb when referring to the group as a whole, but can take a plural verb when referring to individuals within the group.
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This document provides examples to distinguish between commonly confused word pairs including a lot vs alot, its vs it's, there vs they're vs their, two vs to vs too, I vs i, are vs our, where vs were, principal vs principle, no vs know, and new vs knew. Each pair is defined and an example sentence is given for each word to illustrate its meaning in context.
Reduced Clauses
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Going to
Going to is used to talk about the future based on present intentions or evidence. It has the structure of subject + be + going + to-infinitive. Going to expresses intention when a decision has already been made before speaking, such as saying "I'm going to buy a car" after winning the lottery. Going to also makes predictions about the future based on present circumstances, like predicting "It's going to snow" when seeing a dark sky.
Third conditional
The Third Conditional is a grammatical structure used to talk about hypothetical situations in the past that did not happen. It uses the structure "If + Subject + had + past participle verb" to describe the condition, followed by "Subject + would + have + past participle verb" to describe the possible result. Examples include "If I had bought a lottery ticket, I would have won!" and "I would have gone to the beach if it had rained yesterday."
Reported speech
The document discusses reported or indirect speech, which is used to report what other people have said, thought, or believed. It explains that pronouns, verb tenses, time words, and question words may need to change when converting direct quotes into reported speech. Examples are provided to illustrate these changes between direct and reported speech.
Defining relative clauses
Defining relative clauses provide information to identify a person or thing and can use that, who, which, whom, whose, when, where, or why. That or who is used for people and that or which for things. The relative pronoun can be the subject or object of the verb in the relative clause. In formal English whom is used instead of who as the object. The relative pronoun can be omitted if it is the object of a preposition. Whose indicates possession. When, where, and why are used after time, place, and reason nouns, respectively. Defining relative clauses concisely identify people and things.
Conditionals
This document discusses the four main types of conditionals in English: zero conditional, which uses the simple present tense to talk about factual situations; first conditional, which uses the simple present and future tense "will" to talk about probable future situations; second conditional, which uses the past tense and "would" to talk about unlikely or imaginary situations; and third conditional, which uses "had" plus the past participle and "would have" plus the past participle to talk about imagined past situations or mistakes. Examples are provided for each type of conditional.
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The document discusses direct and indirect speech. Direct speech uses quotation marks to report the exact words spoken. Indirect speech does not use quotation marks and usually involves changing the tense and pronouns when reporting what someone said. Some key changes when going from direct to indirect speech include changing the tense, time, and place references. Questions, orders, requests, suggestions, and reported speech about intentions are also discussed.
Direct and indirect speech
This document provides information and rules for changing direct speech to indirect speech. It discusses how pronouns, adverbs of time and place, and verb tenses need to be changed. Examples are given for each rule, such as changing "I" to "he/she", "here" to "there", and present tense verbs to past tense verbs. The document also provides exercises for the reader to practice changing direct speech to indirect speech according to the rules outlined.
Direct and Indirect Speech ESL
The document discusses the rules for converting direct speech to indirect speech. It covers changing pronouns, verb tenses, adverbs of time and place, reported statements, questions, commands, exclamations, and mixed speech types. Examples are provided to illustrate each rule or type of conversion.
Direct and Indirect Speech
1. The document discusses the differences between direct and indirect speech and provides rules for converting direct speech into indirect speech.
2. Direct speech uses quotation marks to report what someone said verbatim, while indirect speech reports the essence of what someone said without quotation marks.
3. The rules for conversion include changing pronouns, verb tenses, adverbs of time and place, and question forms. Exceptions to typical tense changes are also outlined.
Reported questions
This document provides examples of how to change direct speech into reported speech. It shows how yes/no questions and wh- questions are changed by using reporting verbs like "asked" and removing quotation marks. Examples are given for changing questions about time, place, reason and reported requests into the past tense. Common reporting verbs are listed and examples are given of changing direct questions into reported speech using these verbs. Finally, there are pictures to prompt forming new sentences in reported speech.
REPORTED SPEECH
When reporting speech, verb tenses are usually changed to be in the past. This is because reported speech refers to something that was said in the past. Verb tenses are moved back, or "backshifted", following specific rules. For example, the present simple becomes the past simple. Pronouns and expressions of time and place are also typically changed in reported speech.
Reported Speech - Direct Speech
Reported Speech, Direct Speech, Indirect Speech, ESL, English, Grammar, Intermediate
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Direct indirect Speech.ppt
- 2. Direct and Indirect Speech 2. Change of tenses Direct Speech John said, “I am coming.” Indirect Speech John said that he was coming.
- 3. 3. Change of situations Direct Speech John said, “I did this exercise last night.” Indirect Speech John said that he had done that exercise the previous night. •'this' becomes 'that' •'last night' becomes 'the previous night'
- 4. •other examples are as follows : Direct Speech this here now today yesterday tomorrow last week next month ago Indirect Speech that there then that day the day before / the previous day the next day the week before / the previous week the following month before
- 5. 4. Questions and answers Direct Speech 1 John asked her, “Are you coming?” (yes/no question) 2 John asked, “Where is Mary?” (wh-question) Indirect Speech 1 John asked if / whether she was coming. 2 John asked where Mary was. •yes/no questions - use if/whether •wh-questions - use the wh-word
- 6. 5. Actions : promises, orders, requests, advice etc. Direct Speech John ordered Bill, “Clean my boots.” Indirect Speech John ordered Bill to clean his boots. (object + to + infinitive)
- 7. 6. Report using present and future tenses Direct Speech John said,'The sun rises from the east.' Indirect Speech John said that the sun rises from the east. •if the original speaker’s present and future is still present and future •in other words, the tense is unchanged
- 8. 7. Wh- Questions Direct Speech My friend asked,"Where is Venus?" Indirect Speech My friend asked where Venus was.
- 9. Other examples of WH-questions: Direct Speech My friend asked "How are you?" Indirect Speech My friend asked how I was. TRANSFORMATION PROCESS: 1) Put the subject before the verb. 2) Change the pronoun: you to I 3) Join the clauses using the how, who, whom, where, when, why 4) Adjust the 2nd verb to the time frame of the 1st verb.
- 10. examples of WH-questions My friend said, "Where are you going?" My friend asked where I was going. My friend said, " Whom did you call?" My friend asked whom I had called.
- 11. examples of WH-questions My friend said, " Whom I was calling?" My friend asked whom I had been calling. My friend said, " Where have you been?" My friend asked where I had been.
- 12. examples of WH-questions He asked me, "What did she say?" He asked me what she had said. He asked me, "When are you leaving?" He asked me when I was leaving.
- 13. examples of WH-questions He asked me, "Who is coming for dinner?" He asked me who was coming for dinner. He asked me, "How many times have you seen that movie?" He asked me how many times I had seen that movie.
- 14. examples of WH-questions He asked me, "What time is it?" He asked me what time it was. He asked me, "How old are you?" He asked me how old I was.