Direct and indirect speech
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This document discusses the differences between direct and indirect speech. Direct speech uses the exact words of the speaker, while indirect speech conveys the meaning without using quotation marks. When changing direct speech to indirect speech, if the reporting verb is in the past tense, the verb in the reported speech must also change to the past tense according to specific rules outlined in the document.
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Indirect speech
This document discusses the differences between direct and indirect speech. Direct speech uses quotation marks to report the exact words spoken, while indirect speech reports the general idea without quotation marks and makes necessary grammatical changes to reflect the change from quoting someone's exact words to reporting what they said. The document provides examples of direct and indirect statements, questions, and commands. It also outlines rules for changing verb tenses, pronouns, places, and times when converting direct speech to indirect speech.
type of speech
The document discusses the differences between direct and indirect speech. Direct speech uses quotation marks to report the exact words spoken, while indirect speech reports the general idea without quotation marks. There are specific rules for changing direct speech into indirect speech, such as changing pronouns, adverbs of time and place, and verb tenses. For example, the present tense changes to the past tense when the reporting verb is in the past tense. The document provides examples to illustrate these rules for converting between direct and indirect speech.
Direct and indirect (Sindh University)
This document provides information on direct and reported speech. It discusses how to change pronouns, adverbs of time and place, verbs, and other elements when changing direct speech to reported speech. Examples are provided to illustrate these changes, such as changing "I" to "he" or "she" and changing tenses of verbs from present to past. Guidelines are given for cases where verbs would not usually change, such as for statements of universal truths or the past. The concept of using "told" instead of "said" is also covered. Exercises are included to practice changing direct speech to reported speech.
Reported speech
Reported speech, also known as indirect speech, refers to conveying the words spoken by someone else without using their exact words. There are two main types: direct speech, which uses quotation marks to indicate someone's exact words, and indirect (reported) speech, which changes pronouns, tenses, and other aspects of the original statement. In reported speech, the word "that" is often used to introduce the statement, quotation marks are not used, and pronouns and verb tenses are changed according to rules such as changing "now" to "then" and present to past tense if the reporting verb is in the past. The second part of an indirect speech statement is specifically called the reported speech.
Reported speech
This document discusses reporting speech, including the differences between direct and reported speech. It explains that when changing direct speech to reported speech, you may need to change pronouns, tenses, places, times or other expressions depending on the type of sentence - statement, question, request or command. For statements and questions, pronouns, tenses, places and times may need to change. For requests and commands, pronouns, places and times may change but tense is not relevant. Other transformations like advice are usually reported using 'advise' or 'urge' while suggestions can be reported using a gerund or statement with 'should'.
L#1 active and passive voice
The document discusses the difference between active and passive voice. In active voice, the subject performs the action, while in passive voice the object receives the action. The key differences are:
1) The subject and object are reversed - in passive voice the object becomes the subject.
2) Only the past participle form of the verb is used in passive voice.
3) The auxiliary verb changes depending on the tense to form the passive voice.
The document provides examples and rules for changing between active and passive voice while maintaining the same meaning.
Direct and indirect
direct narration
When the actual words of the speaker are used while conveying a sense is called direct narration .
For Example :
She says , ” I am a Teacher”
He says , “ I am going to Karachi”
indirect narration
It is not the actual words of the speaker but it only conveys the full sense of what he / she has said.
For Example :
She says that she is a teacher.
He said that he is going to Karachi.
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Indirect speech
This document discusses the differences between direct and indirect speech. Direct speech uses quotation marks to report the exact words spoken, while indirect speech reports the general idea without quotation marks and makes necessary grammatical changes to reflect the change from quoting someone's exact words to reporting what they said. The document provides examples of direct and indirect statements, questions, and commands. It also outlines rules for changing verb tenses, pronouns, places, and times when converting direct speech to indirect speech.
type of speech
The document discusses the differences between direct and indirect speech. Direct speech uses quotation marks to report the exact words spoken, while indirect speech reports the general idea without quotation marks. There are specific rules for changing direct speech into indirect speech, such as changing pronouns, adverbs of time and place, and verb tenses. For example, the present tense changes to the past tense when the reporting verb is in the past tense. The document provides examples to illustrate these rules for converting between direct and indirect speech.
Direct and indirect (Sindh University)
This document provides information on direct and reported speech. It discusses how to change pronouns, adverbs of time and place, verbs, and other elements when changing direct speech to reported speech. Examples are provided to illustrate these changes, such as changing "I" to "he" or "she" and changing tenses of verbs from present to past. Guidelines are given for cases where verbs would not usually change, such as for statements of universal truths or the past. The concept of using "told" instead of "said" is also covered. Exercises are included to practice changing direct speech to reported speech.
Reported speech
Reported speech, also known as indirect speech, refers to conveying the words spoken by someone else without using their exact words. There are two main types: direct speech, which uses quotation marks to indicate someone's exact words, and indirect (reported) speech, which changes pronouns, tenses, and other aspects of the original statement. In reported speech, the word "that" is often used to introduce the statement, quotation marks are not used, and pronouns and verb tenses are changed according to rules such as changing "now" to "then" and present to past tense if the reporting verb is in the past. The second part of an indirect speech statement is specifically called the reported speech.
Reported speech
This document discusses reporting speech, including the differences between direct and reported speech. It explains that when changing direct speech to reported speech, you may need to change pronouns, tenses, places, times or other expressions depending on the type of sentence - statement, question, request or command. For statements and questions, pronouns, tenses, places and times may need to change. For requests and commands, pronouns, places and times may change but tense is not relevant. Other transformations like advice are usually reported using 'advise' or 'urge' while suggestions can be reported using a gerund or statement with 'should'.
L#1 active and passive voice
The document discusses the difference between active and passive voice. In active voice, the subject performs the action, while in passive voice the object receives the action. The key differences are:
1) The subject and object are reversed - in passive voice the object becomes the subject.
2) Only the past participle form of the verb is used in passive voice.
3) The auxiliary verb changes depending on the tense to form the passive voice.
The document provides examples and rules for changing between active and passive voice while maintaining the same meaning.
Direct and indirect
direct narration
When the actual words of the speaker are used while conveying a sense is called direct narration .
For Example :
She says , ” I am a Teacher”
He says , “ I am going to Karachi”
indirect narration
It is not the actual words of the speaker but it only conveys the full sense of what he / she has said.
For Example :
She says that she is a teacher.
He said that he is going to Karachi.
Sentence transformation part 1
In this part we are going to learn about transformation of affermative sentences to negative sentences and vice-versa.
Type of sentences
1. Simple Sentence
2. Complex Sentence
3. Compound Sentence
4. Principal Clause
5. Subordinate Clause
6. Coordinate Clause
TRANSFORMATION OF AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES
The document discusses different types of sentence transformations including:
- Transformation to negative by adding "not" or "do not"
- Transformation to interrogative by changing word order or adding "do"
- Transformation to imperative by changing the subject to "you" and the verb form
- Transformation to exclamatory by adding words like "what" or "how" and an exclamation point
It provides examples for each type of transformation and notes that multiple transformations can be applied to a single sentence.
3 subject
The document defines and provides examples of the three main parts of a sentence: the subject, predicate, and object. The subject is usually a noun or pronoun that performs the action of the sentence. The predicate tells something about the subject and can include verbs, adjectives. Not all sentences have an object, which is a noun or pronoun receiving the action of the sentence. The subject acts on the object. Together, these three elements of subject, predicate, and sometimes object convey a complete thought in a sentence.
Directandindirectspeechthemed1 131017180051-phpapp02
This document discusses direct and indirect speech. Direct speech uses quotation marks to report the exact words spoken, while indirect speech does not have to be word-for-word and does not use quotation marks unless reporting exactly. When changing statements, questions, exclamations or imperatives to indirect speech, verbs change to the past tense and other modifications may occur such as changing pronouns, adverbs of time and place, and the type of verb used depending on the sentence type. Examples are provided to illustrate how direct speech is changed to indirect speech based on these rules.
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This document discusses different types of sentences including simple, compound, and complex sentences. It defines sentences formally based on punctuation and notionally based on meaning. Sentences are made up of clauses, which are made up of phrases, which are made up of words. Words can have formal labels like nouns or functional labels like subject based on their role. The basic sentence patterns and types are described. Coordination, subordination, and embedding are explained. Formal and semantic labels for sentences are defined. Passivization is briefly covered.
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This document discusses different types of sentences and how to transform sentences. It describes simple, compound, and complex sentences. Simple sentences have one clause, compound have multiple main clauses, and complex have one main clause and one or more subordinate clauses. The document then provides examples of how to transform simple sentences into complex sentences by adding subordinate clauses, and vice versa by removing clauses. It also gives examples of changing affirmative sentences to negative and negative to affirmative. The overall purpose is to demonstrate how to change sentences while maintaining the same meaning.
L#5 sentences which cannot be changed into passive voice
The document discusses types of sentences that cannot be changed to the passive voice. It states that sentences in the present perfect continuous, past perfect continuous, and future perfect continuous tenses cannot be changed. Additionally, sentences with intransitive verbs, which do not require an object, also cannot be changed to the passive voice as they have no object to become the subject. Examples of intransitive verbs like "laugh", "sleep", and "go" are provided to illustrate this.
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7-What is a clause
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Kinds of verbs
There are two types of main verbs: transitive and intransitive. A transitive verb expresses an action that has an object, such as "write a letter" or "buy a car." An intransitive verb expresses an action without an object, such as "ran fast" or "went to school." The document provides examples of sentences using transitive and intransitive verbs and explains that transitive verbs can be changed to passive voice while intransitive verbs cannot.
Prefix Me-
1. The prefix "me-" can change to "mem-", "men-", "meny-", "meng-", or "menge-" depending on the initial letter of the basic word.
2. If the basic word starts with "k", the initial letter changes to "ng". If the basic word starts with "p", the initial letter changes to "m".
3. The prefix "me-" does not change if the basic word starts with "t", but the "t" changes to "n". If the basic word starts with "s", the "s" changes to "ny".
Sentence transformation part 2
In the current presentation we shall learn how to transform interrogative, exclamatory and imperative sentences without altering their meaning. This sentence transformation is very helpful in competitive exams.
Transformation of sentences
The document discusses various ways to transform sentences in English without changing their meaning. It describes transforming simple sentences into compound or complex sentences by expanding words or phrases into clauses. Simple sentences can also be made by reducing clauses. Specific examples are provided of transforming sentences by changing their type, degrees of comparison, or from affirmative to negative/exclamatory. Transformations involving the adverb "too" and changing simple sentences to compound or complex are also covered.
How passive voice is made
The document discusses the passive voice in English. It explains that the passive voice is used when the object of the action is more important than the subject. It also describes how the passive voice is formed using the verb "to be" followed by the past participle of the active verb. Additionally, it notes that when changing an active sentence to the passive voice, the subject of the active sentence becomes the agent in the passive sentence and the object becomes the new subject.
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Verbs are the most important words in a sentence. They can change form depending on tense (past, present, future), person (I, you, he/she), and voice (active or passive). In active voice sentences, the subject performs the action. In passive voice sentences, the subject receives the action. To change a sentence from active to passive voice, make the recipient of the action the subject and use "by" to indicate who performed the action.
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This document provides an agenda and instructions for editing strategies including compound sentences, dangling modifiers, and homonyms. It discusses identifying and correcting run-on sentences, dangling modifiers, and misused homonyms like than/then and there/their/they're. Surface revision strategies like reading aloud and isolating specific problems are recommended. Students are assigned to post their edited Essay #2 and study vocabulary terms for homework.
English reported speech
This document discusses the rules for changing verb tenses when reporting direct speech as indirect speech, also known as reported speech. It provides examples of how the verb tense changes from present to past or adds auxiliary verbs like "could" and "might" depending on the tense and modal verb used in the direct speech. It also notes some exceptions where the tense or modal verb does not change in reported speech and offers some additional tips on using reported speech.
Shifts notes 3 powerpoint
This document discusses two types of discourse: direct and indirect. Direct discourse uses quotation marks to indicate someone's exact words. Indirect discourse reports what someone said without quotation marks. The document notes patterns for writing direct quotations and provides examples of direct and indirect discourse. It explains that a shift in discourse occurs when a sentence changes between direct and indirect discourse without proper punctuation. Examples of discourse shifts are provided. The document concludes by stating the most common shift is from indirect to mixed construction, and provides examples and corrections.
Direct and Reported Speech - Note
Direct speech uses quotation marks to indicate the exact words spoken by a person. It requires a new line for each new speaker and capitalizes the first word of each quotation. Indirect or reported speech does not use quotation marks and changes verbs and pronouns to reflect when the words were spoken rather than the exact words. It summarizes the key details on using quotation marks, capitalization, punctuation and verb tense changes between direct and reported speech.
DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH PRESENTATIONS
The document outlines 9 rules for converting direct speech to indirect speech:
1. Verb tenses and pronouns change depending on the tense of the reporting verb.
2. Present tenses change to past tenses.
3. Modals like "can" become "could".
4. Punctuation changes with quotes removed in indirect speech.
5. Time references are adjusted to seem more distant in indirect speech.
Reported speech
This document outlines the rules for changing direct speech into indirect speech in English. There are 7 main rules discussed:
1) Verb tenses change depending on the tense of the reporting verb
2) Pronouns change person depending on the subject of the reporting clause
3) Time words like "now" and "today" change to words like "then" and "that day" respectively.
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Sentence transformation part 1
In this part we are going to learn about transformation of affermative sentences to negative sentences and vice-versa.
Type of sentences
1. Simple Sentence
2. Complex Sentence
3. Compound Sentence
4. Principal Clause
5. Subordinate Clause
6. Coordinate Clause
TRANSFORMATION OF AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES
The document discusses different types of sentence transformations including:
- Transformation to negative by adding "not" or "do not"
- Transformation to interrogative by changing word order or adding "do"
- Transformation to imperative by changing the subject to "you" and the verb form
- Transformation to exclamatory by adding words like "what" or "how" and an exclamation point
It provides examples for each type of transformation and notes that multiple transformations can be applied to a single sentence.
3 subject
The document defines and provides examples of the three main parts of a sentence: the subject, predicate, and object. The subject is usually a noun or pronoun that performs the action of the sentence. The predicate tells something about the subject and can include verbs, adjectives. Not all sentences have an object, which is a noun or pronoun receiving the action of the sentence. The subject acts on the object. Together, these three elements of subject, predicate, and sometimes object convey a complete thought in a sentence.
Directandindirectspeechthemed1 131017180051-phpapp02
This document discusses direct and indirect speech. Direct speech uses quotation marks to report the exact words spoken, while indirect speech does not have to be word-for-word and does not use quotation marks unless reporting exactly. When changing statements, questions, exclamations or imperatives to indirect speech, verbs change to the past tense and other modifications may occur such as changing pronouns, adverbs of time and place, and the type of verb used depending on the sentence type. Examples are provided to illustrate how direct speech is changed to indirect speech based on these rules.
Phrase, clause and sentence structure
This document discusses different types of sentences including simple, compound, and complex sentences. It defines sentences formally based on punctuation and notionally based on meaning. Sentences are made up of clauses, which are made up of phrases, which are made up of words. Words can have formal labels like nouns or functional labels like subject based on their role. The basic sentence patterns and types are described. Coordination, subordination, and embedding are explained. Formal and semantic labels for sentences are defined. Passivization is briefly covered.
Diploma engg iv u-1.3 transformation of sentences
This document discusses different types of sentences and how to transform sentences. It describes simple, compound, and complex sentences. Simple sentences have one clause, compound have multiple main clauses, and complex have one main clause and one or more subordinate clauses. The document then provides examples of how to transform simple sentences into complex sentences by adding subordinate clauses, and vice versa by removing clauses. It also gives examples of changing affirmative sentences to negative and negative to affirmative. The overall purpose is to demonstrate how to change sentences while maintaining the same meaning.
L#5 sentences which cannot be changed into passive voice
The document discusses types of sentences that cannot be changed to the passive voice. It states that sentences in the present perfect continuous, past perfect continuous, and future perfect continuous tenses cannot be changed. Additionally, sentences with intransitive verbs, which do not require an object, also cannot be changed to the passive voice as they have no object to become the subject. Examples of intransitive verbs like "laugh", "sleep", and "go" are provided to illustrate this.
Sentence fragments by sohail ahmed
This document discusses sentence fragments and how to identify and fix them. It defines a sentence fragment as an incomplete sentence that is missing a subject, verb, or complete idea. Examples of fragments are provided and fixed by adding subjects and verbs. There are three methods to fix fragments: attaching the fragment to another sentence, adding a subject or verb, or removing the fragment-causing phrase. Sentence fragments should generally be avoided in formal writing.
7-What is a clause
A clause is a group of words containing both a subject and a verb. There are two main types of clauses: independent clauses and dependent clauses. Independent clauses can stand alone as a complete sentence, while dependent clauses cannot. Dependent clauses are further divided into noun clauses, adjective clauses, and adverb clauses based on their function in the sentence.
Kinds of verbs
There are two types of main verbs: transitive and intransitive. A transitive verb expresses an action that has an object, such as "write a letter" or "buy a car." An intransitive verb expresses an action without an object, such as "ran fast" or "went to school." The document provides examples of sentences using transitive and intransitive verbs and explains that transitive verbs can be changed to passive voice while intransitive verbs cannot.
Prefix Me-
1. The prefix "me-" can change to "mem-", "men-", "meny-", "meng-", or "menge-" depending on the initial letter of the basic word.
2. If the basic word starts with "k", the initial letter changes to "ng". If the basic word starts with "p", the initial letter changes to "m".
3. The prefix "me-" does not change if the basic word starts with "t", but the "t" changes to "n". If the basic word starts with "s", the "s" changes to "ny".
Sentence transformation part 2
In the current presentation we shall learn how to transform interrogative, exclamatory and imperative sentences without altering their meaning. This sentence transformation is very helpful in competitive exams.
Transformation of sentences
The document discusses various ways to transform sentences in English without changing their meaning. It describes transforming simple sentences into compound or complex sentences by expanding words or phrases into clauses. Simple sentences can also be made by reducing clauses. Specific examples are provided of transforming sentences by changing their type, degrees of comparison, or from affirmative to negative/exclamatory. Transformations involving the adverb "too" and changing simple sentences to compound or complex are also covered.
How passive voice is made
The document discusses the passive voice in English. It explains that the passive voice is used when the object of the action is more important than the subject. It also describes how the passive voice is formed using the verb "to be" followed by the past participle of the active verb. Additionally, it notes that when changing an active sentence to the passive voice, the subject of the active sentence becomes the agent in the passive sentence and the object becomes the new subject.
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Verbs are the most important words in a sentence. They can change form depending on tense (past, present, future), person (I, you, he/she), and voice (active or passive). In active voice sentences, the subject performs the action. In passive voice sentences, the subject receives the action. To change a sentence from active to passive voice, make the recipient of the action the subject and use "by" to indicate who performed the action.
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This document provides an agenda and instructions for editing strategies including compound sentences, dangling modifiers, and homonyms. It discusses identifying and correcting run-on sentences, dangling modifiers, and misused homonyms like than/then and there/their/they're. Surface revision strategies like reading aloud and isolating specific problems are recommended. Students are assigned to post their edited Essay #2 and study vocabulary terms for homework.
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This document discusses the rules for changing verb tenses when reporting direct speech as indirect speech, also known as reported speech. It provides examples of how the verb tense changes from present to past or adds auxiliary verbs like "could" and "might" depending on the tense and modal verb used in the direct speech. It also notes some exceptions where the tense or modal verb does not change in reported speech and offers some additional tips on using reported speech.
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This document discusses two types of discourse: direct and indirect. Direct discourse uses quotation marks to indicate someone's exact words. Indirect discourse reports what someone said without quotation marks. The document notes patterns for writing direct quotations and provides examples of direct and indirect discourse. It explains that a shift in discourse occurs when a sentence changes between direct and indirect discourse without proper punctuation. Examples of discourse shifts are provided. The document concludes by stating the most common shift is from indirect to mixed construction, and provides examples and corrections.
Direct and Reported Speech - Note
Direct speech uses quotation marks to indicate the exact words spoken by a person. It requires a new line for each new speaker and capitalizes the first word of each quotation. Indirect or reported speech does not use quotation marks and changes verbs and pronouns to reflect when the words were spoken rather than the exact words. It summarizes the key details on using quotation marks, capitalization, punctuation and verb tense changes between direct and reported speech.
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Similar to Direct and indirect speech
DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH PRESENTATIONS
The document outlines 9 rules for converting direct speech to indirect speech:
1. Verb tenses and pronouns change depending on the tense of the reporting verb.
2. Present tenses change to past tenses.
3. Modals like "can" become "could".
4. Punctuation changes with quotes removed in indirect speech.
5. Time references are adjusted to seem more distant in indirect speech.
Reported speech
This document outlines the rules for changing direct speech into indirect speech in English. There are 7 main rules discussed:
1) Verb tenses change depending on the tense of the reporting verb
2) Pronouns change person depending on the subject of the reporting clause
3) Time words like "now" and "today" change to words like "then" and "that day" respectively.
PPT_Direct & Indirect Speech_2023.pptx
PPT on Direct & Indirect Speech for grade 6 students.
It is an english ppt to teach about direct and indirect speech.
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Reported speech is a way of relaying what someone said without using their exact words. It involves changing verb tenses, pronouns, and other elements to reflect reporting someone's speech indirectly rather than directly quoting them. For example, the direct speech "Sarah said, 'I am going to the movies tonight'" would become the reported speech "Sarah said that she was going to the movies that night." Key aspects of reported speech include changing verb tenses back one tense, adjusting pronouns, and using reporting verbs like "say" or "tell" to introduce the reported information.
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Direct and Reported Speech.pdf
This document discusses the differences between direct and reported speech. It provides examples of how to convert sentences from direct to reported speech by following some main rules:
1) Change the reporting verb to one that conveys the action of speaking in reported speech.
2) Remove any punctuation indicating direct speech like quotation marks.
3) Change pronouns like "I" and "my" to match the new speaker in reported speech.
4) Generally change the tense of the sentence to past tense in reported speech, except in some specific cases.
Direct And Indirect Speech .pptx
The document discusses the differences between direct and indirect speech. Direct speech uses quotation marks to report the exact words spoken, while indirect speech reports the general idea without quotation marks. There are specific rules for changing direct speech into indirect speech, such as changing verb tenses and pronouns to be consistent with the new context. Time, place and punctuation indicators are also adjusted accordingly when converting between direct and indirect speech forms.
Spoken English Advanced Session 20 - Indirect Speech - Ash Vyas
Learn Indirect/reported speech. Learn tips and rules to convert active sentence into passive sentence. All rules and best practices shared with step-wise examples.
Reported speech
Reported speech, also known as indirect speech, is a means of expressing the content of statements, questions or other utterances without directly quoting them. The document outlines 6 rules for converting direct speech into reported or indirect speech, including changing verb tenses, pronouns, conjunctions, and punctuation based on the reporting clause. It also provides examples to illustrate the rules and includes sample questions to test understanding of reported speech.
Direct & indirect speech
This document provides information on direct and indirect speech. Direct speech uses quotation marks to report the exact words spoken. It does not change verb tenses. Indirect speech does not use quotation marks and can change the reported speech without using the exact words. It often changes verb tenses. The document outlines the rules for changing direct speech into indirect speech, including changing verb tenses and pronouns. It provides examples of changing different verb tenses, such as present to past, present perfect to past perfect, and future tenses.
Direct & Indirect Speech
Lesson1: Direct Speech
Lesson 2: Indirect Speech
Essential Rules for Indirect Speech
-Indirect speech for interrogative sentences
-Indirect speech for modals
-Indirect speech for exclamatory sentence
-Changes in pronoun in indirect speech
-Changes in time and adverbs in indirect speech
Direct/indirect speech Presentation
- Direct speech reports the exact words spoken, using quotation marks. Indirect speech reports the general idea without quotation marks, changing pronouns, tenses, and other elements as needed.
- When changing from direct to indirect speech, tenses change if the reporting verb is in the past tense. Punctuation, pronouns, time/place references, and questions/exclamations are also adjusted following set rules.
- Modals like "can" change to "could" and verbs reflect whether the speech is a request, command, or other intention through verbs like "request", "order", and "advise".
Direct and indirect speech
1. The document discusses the difference between direct and indirect speech, providing examples of how to change direct speech into indirect speech.
2. Key aspects that change include changing pronouns, tense, time words, and enclosing direct speech in quotation marks.
3. Imperative and exclamatory sentences also change structure in indirect speech, such as adding "requested" or "ordered" for imperatives and "exclaimed with joy/sorrow" for exclamatories.
Direct & indirect presentation
This document discusses direct and indirect speech. It explains that direct speech reports the exact words spoken enclosed in quotation marks, while indirect speech makes some changes to reflect the words were spoken in the past. It provides examples like John said "I will give you a pen" for direct speech and John said that he would give me a pen for indirect speech. The document outlines rules for changing direct speech to indirect speech like changing tenses and pronouns.
DIRECT-INDIRECT-SPEECH.pptx
This document discusses the differences between direct and indirect speech. Direct speech uses quotation marks to report the exact words spoken. Indirect speech reports the general idea of what was said without using the exact words. When changing from direct to indirect speech, verb tenses and words referring to time, place, and possessions usually need to be changed to be grammatically correct. The document provides several examples and rules for how to properly change statements between direct and indirect speech.
2021 DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH.pptx
This document defines and compares direct and indirect speech. It provides examples of direct speech using quotation marks and indirect speech without quotation marks. It then outlines the rules for changing direct speech to indirect speech, including changing pronouns, tenses, time/place adverbs, and punctuation. Common reporting verbs used in indirect speech are also listed.
Lesson 5-Direct Indirect Speech.pptx
This document outlines a lesson plan on direct and indirect speech. The lesson aims to teach students to distinguish between direct and indirect speech, familiarize the rules for converting direct speech to indirect speech, and apply the concepts through activities. Key points covered include the definitions and examples of direct versus indirect speech, rules for tense changes and pronoun changes when converting between the two forms. Students practice examples and take part in exercises to solidify their understanding before the lesson concludes with a closing prayer.
Direct and indirect speech
This document discusses direct and indirect speech. Direct speech uses quotation marks to report the exact words spoken, while indirect speech does not use quotation marks and changes pronouns and tense as needed. The document provides rules for changing direct speech to indirect speech, such as changing present to past tense and changing pronouns. It also discusses changes to time references like "now" becoming "then." Examples are given to illustrate the rules. Finally, the document briefly mentions rules for changing indirect speech to direct speech.
Direct & reported speech
You are allowed to leave now.
The assistant permitted me to leave.
Mother: Please don’t go out tonight, darling.
Mother begged her daughter not to go out that night.
Sergeant: I order you to get back in line immediately!
The sergeant commanded the soldiers to get back in line immediately.
Coach: Keep trying, you can do better than that!
The coach encouraged the team to keep trying.
Doctor: Under no circumstances should you lift anything heavy.
The doctor forbade me from lifting anything heavy.
Teacher: Let me show you how to do this exercise.
The teacher instructed me how to do the exercise.
Host: Do
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You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
BBR 2024 Summer Sessions Interview Training
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https://app.box.com/s/qhtvq32h4ybf9t49ku85x0n3xl4jhr15LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
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environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
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The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
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How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
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Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Direct and indirect speech
- 1. Direct and indirect speech
- 2. Direct speech When we give the exact words used by the speaker is called DIRECT SPEECH. Example:- 1. Rama said, “Harry is an idle boy.” 2.She said, “He is crying.”
- 3. Indirect speech When we do not give the exact words of the speaker but give only the substance of what the first person told, this is called INDIRECT SPEECH. Example:- 1. Rama said that Harry was an idle boy. 2. She said that he was crying.
- 4. Rule 2 If the Reporting Verb is in the Past Tense the Verb in the Reported Speech is also changed to the Past Tense. Example:- 1. Direct Speech:-Pinky said, “Kamala works very hard.” Indirect Speech:- Pinky said that Kamala worked very hard.
- 5. Some more rules for rule2 1. The Simple Present becomes the Simple Past. 2. The Present Continuous becomes the Past Continuous. 3. The Present Perfect becomes the Past Perfect. 4. May is changed into might; can is changed into could. 5. The Simple Past becomes the Past Perfect. 6. The Past Continuous becomes the Past Perfect Continuous. 7. Shall is changed into should; will is changed into would.
- 6. Questions 1. He said, “Where do you come from?” 2. “What do you want?” he said to her. 3. He said to me, “You have helped my brother.” 4. She said, “You play hockey very well.” 5. I said to her, “You are a foolish girl.” 6. He said to me, “I have often told you not to idle away your time.”