This document discusses diplopia, or double vision. It defines diplopia as the simultaneous perception of two images of a single object. Diplopia is classified as either monocular or binocular. Several causes of monocular diplopia are listed, including conditions affecting the cornea, lens, retina, and visual cortex. Causes of binocular diplopia include cranial nerve palsies, myasthenia gravis, diabetes, Graves' disease, strabismus, orbital trauma, and lesions or injuries of the brainstem or orbit. The document was authored by Azmat Khan from the Department of Optometry and Vision at the University of Lahore Islamabad Campus.

1. 2/16/2020
1 Azmat Khan
Lecturer: The University Of Lahore Islamabad Campus.
Department : Optometry & Vision .
DIPLOPIA
The simultaneous perception of two images of a single object . OR
Pathological condition of vision in which a single object appear double.
CLASSIFICATION :
1. MONOCULAR
2. BINOCULAR
CAUSES OF MONOCULAR DIPLOPIA,
A. Polycoria
B. Astigmatism
C. Keratoconus
D. Cataract
E. Dry eye
F. Pterygium
G. Ectopic lentis
H. Poorly fitted contact lens
I. Macular problem ( edema )
J. Iridodialysis
K. Chalazion
L. Corneal opacity
M.Media opacity like vitreous hemorrhage
N. Visual cortex disorder ( bilateral monocular diplopia )

2. 2/16/2020
2 Azmat Khan
Lecturer: The University Of Lahore Islamabad Campus.
Department : Optometry & Vision .
CAUSES OF BINOCULAR DIPLOPIA,
A. Cranial nerves palsy
B. Myastheina gravis
C. Diabetes
D. Graves’s diseases
E. Acquired strabismus
F. Orbital trauma
G. Orbital mass lesion
H. Ocular myositis
I. Convergence problem
J. Decompensating phoria
K. Supranuclear injury
L. Brain stem injury
M.Orbital infection
N. Aniseikonia
O. Systemic medication ( opoids etc)
P. Migraine
Q. Ocular surgery