A high speed dynamic ripple carry addereSAT Journals
Abstract Adder, which is one of the basic building blocks of a processor affect the performance of the processor. There are many adder architectures each of them have their own advantage. Ripple Carry Adder (RCA) architecture occupies the minimum area among the other architectures with lesser power dissipation. RCA experiences more delay due to its carry propagation in critical path; apart from the delay it also experiences glitches. Constant delay (CD) logic solves both the delay problems and glitch related problems. CD logic, due to its pre-evaluated characteristics delivers high speed but due its bulkier nature it is used only in the critical path. In this paper two new techniques are presented which modifies the conventional timing block (requires ten transistors) in CD logic and two new timing blocks one with eight transistors and other with nine transistors are developed. The CD logic with the two new timing block is used in critical path of RCA to achieve higher speed performance with lesser area compared to conventional CD logic. The CD logic with 9-transistor timing block achieves 70% and 39% delay reduction compared to Static and Domino logics. It also achieves 21% and 5% reduction in power dissipation and delay. The 8-transistor version also achieves reduction of delay by 65% and 29% compared to Static and dynamic logic. The two versions of timing blocks have their own advantages where 9-transistor version provides high speed and 8- transistor version provides lesser power dissipation. Simulations are carried out in 130 nm at 1V power supply using mentor graphics tools. Key Words: Critical Path, Feed Through Logic, Constant Delay logic, Pre-evaluated logic, and Timing block.
Course Objectives
Topics covered and References
Analog Vs Digital
Processing by Digital systems
Number systems
Binary, octal, hexadecimal
Conversions from one to the other
ASCII & Parity bit
7-Segment Display
Logic Gates
AND, OR, NOT
NAND and NOR
XOR and Exclusive-NOR
Logic Gates - ICs
Binary Addition
Half and Full Adder Circuits
Binary Subtraction
Half and Full Subtractor Circuits
Parity Generators using XOR gates
More Applications using JK Flip-flops
Frequency Divider - Divide by 4
n-bit Ripple Counter (Mod-2n Counter)
Ripple Counter with Modulus less than 2n
4-bit Register
T Flip-flop
A high speed dynamic ripple carry addereSAT Journals
Abstract Adder, which is one of the basic building blocks of a processor affect the performance of the processor. There are many adder architectures each of them have their own advantage. Ripple Carry Adder (RCA) architecture occupies the minimum area among the other architectures with lesser power dissipation. RCA experiences more delay due to its carry propagation in critical path; apart from the delay it also experiences glitches. Constant delay (CD) logic solves both the delay problems and glitch related problems. CD logic, due to its pre-evaluated characteristics delivers high speed but due its bulkier nature it is used only in the critical path. In this paper two new techniques are presented which modifies the conventional timing block (requires ten transistors) in CD logic and two new timing blocks one with eight transistors and other with nine transistors are developed. The CD logic with the two new timing block is used in critical path of RCA to achieve higher speed performance with lesser area compared to conventional CD logic. The CD logic with 9-transistor timing block achieves 70% and 39% delay reduction compared to Static and Domino logics. It also achieves 21% and 5% reduction in power dissipation and delay. The 8-transistor version also achieves reduction of delay by 65% and 29% compared to Static and dynamic logic. The two versions of timing blocks have their own advantages where 9-transistor version provides high speed and 8- transistor version provides lesser power dissipation. Simulations are carried out in 130 nm at 1V power supply using mentor graphics tools. Key Words: Critical Path, Feed Through Logic, Constant Delay logic, Pre-evaluated logic, and Timing block.
Course Objectives
Topics covered and References
Analog Vs Digital
Processing by Digital systems
Number systems
Binary, octal, hexadecimal
Conversions from one to the other
ASCII & Parity bit
7-Segment Display
Logic Gates
AND, OR, NOT
NAND and NOR
XOR and Exclusive-NOR
Logic Gates - ICs
Binary Addition
Half and Full Adder Circuits
Binary Subtraction
Half and Full Subtractor Circuits
Parity Generators using XOR gates
More Applications using JK Flip-flops
Frequency Divider - Divide by 4
n-bit Ripple Counter (Mod-2n Counter)
Ripple Counter with Modulus less than 2n
4-bit Register
T Flip-flop
Simplification Techniques
Simplification using Boolean Algebra
Quiz 1 to 3
Two forms of Boolean Expressions
Sum-of-Products (minterms)
Products-of-Sums (maxterms)
Canonical notation
Example
Home Work
Embedded Recipes 2019 - From maintaining I2C to the big (embedded) pictureAnne Nicolas
The I2C subsystem is not the shiniest part of the Linux Kernel. For embedded devices, though, it is one of the many puzzle pieces which just have to work. Wolfram Sang has the experience of maintaining this subsystem for nearly 7 years now. This talk gives a short overview of how maintaining works in general and specifically in this subsystem. But mainly, it will highlight noteworthy points in the timeline and lessons learnt from that. It will present trends, not so much regarding I2C but more the Linux Kernel and the embedded ecosystem in general. And of course, there will be plenty of anecdotes and bits from behind the scenes for your entertainment.
Wolfram Sang
Design of Sequential Circuits
Design Steps
Design of Sequence Recognizer (1011)
State Diagram
State Table
State Assignment
State Transition Table
Designing combinational circuit
Circuit Diagram
Applications using D Flip-flop
Serial to Parallel Data Converter
Parallel to Serial Data Converter
JK Flip-flop
Why is JK flip-flop named so?
Preset and Clear
Applications using JK Flip-flops
Frequency Dividers
Amidst the rising concerns around coronavirus, social distancing is the mainstay of successful containment. We at Utthunga recognize the necessity for continued plant operations in the aftermath of coronavirus, a crisis that has significantly impacted plants and businesses.
Keeping this in mind, we conducted our webinar on ‘PROFIBUS Network Maintenance’ to focus the upkeep of your PROFIBUS network on 10th April 2020 at 5 PM IST presented by Mr. Nirmal Tony Joseph, our in-house PROFIBUS & #PROFINET expert.
The webinar was for 60 minutes and the key takeaways:
1. Understand PROFIBUS network parameter information
2. Get detailed information on maintenance strategy required to avoid unscheduled breakdown
3. Recognize the various key network factors and transmission methods
4. Understand network component functions and characteristic
You can view the webinar recording by clicking on the link https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCUHISlwCp5wRPbwnjNVCpsw
Please feel free to share these links with your colleagues who may be interested.
If you have any queries or require more information regarding the topic or wish to know more about Utthunga you can mail us at contact@utthunga.com or visit our website https://utthunga.com/products/network-diagnostics/
• To provide solid foundation to the Boolean algebra and various Boolean expression simplification techniques.
• To give good knowledge on combinational and sequential circuits and various components, by giving useful digital circuits which go into making various microprocessors and micro-controllers.
• To enhance the knowledge on digital design techniques to enable the students to learn courses on microprocessors, assembly programming, processor architecture, etc.
Here we describe the design details and performance of proposed Carry Propagate Adder based on GDI
technique. GDI technique is power efficient technique for designing digital circuit that consumes less
power as compare to most commonly used CMOS technique. GDI also has an advantage of minimum
propagation delay, minimum area required and less complexity for designing any digital circuit. We
designed Carry Propagate Adder using GDI technique and compared its performance with CMOS
technique in terms of area, delay and power dissipation. Circuit designed using CADENCE EDA tool and
simulated using SPECTRE VIRTUOSO tool at 0.18m technology. Comparative performance result shows
that Carry Propagate Adder using GDI technique dissipated 55.6% less power as compare to Carry
Propagate Adder using CMOS technique.
Design of Sequence Recognizer (1001)
State Diagram
State Table
State Assignment
State Transition Table
Designing combinational circuit
Circuit Diagram – Home work
Simplification Techniques
Simplification using Boolean Algebra
Quiz 1 to 3
Two forms of Boolean Expressions
Sum-of-Products (minterms)
Products-of-Sums (maxterms)
Canonical notation
Example
Home Work
Embedded Recipes 2019 - From maintaining I2C to the big (embedded) pictureAnne Nicolas
The I2C subsystem is not the shiniest part of the Linux Kernel. For embedded devices, though, it is one of the many puzzle pieces which just have to work. Wolfram Sang has the experience of maintaining this subsystem for nearly 7 years now. This talk gives a short overview of how maintaining works in general and specifically in this subsystem. But mainly, it will highlight noteworthy points in the timeline and lessons learnt from that. It will present trends, not so much regarding I2C but more the Linux Kernel and the embedded ecosystem in general. And of course, there will be plenty of anecdotes and bits from behind the scenes for your entertainment.
Wolfram Sang
Design of Sequential Circuits
Design Steps
Design of Sequence Recognizer (1011)
State Diagram
State Table
State Assignment
State Transition Table
Designing combinational circuit
Circuit Diagram
Applications using D Flip-flop
Serial to Parallel Data Converter
Parallel to Serial Data Converter
JK Flip-flop
Why is JK flip-flop named so?
Preset and Clear
Applications using JK Flip-flops
Frequency Dividers
Amidst the rising concerns around coronavirus, social distancing is the mainstay of successful containment. We at Utthunga recognize the necessity for continued plant operations in the aftermath of coronavirus, a crisis that has significantly impacted plants and businesses.
Keeping this in mind, we conducted our webinar on ‘PROFIBUS Network Maintenance’ to focus the upkeep of your PROFIBUS network on 10th April 2020 at 5 PM IST presented by Mr. Nirmal Tony Joseph, our in-house PROFIBUS & #PROFINET expert.
The webinar was for 60 minutes and the key takeaways:
1. Understand PROFIBUS network parameter information
2. Get detailed information on maintenance strategy required to avoid unscheduled breakdown
3. Recognize the various key network factors and transmission methods
4. Understand network component functions and characteristic
You can view the webinar recording by clicking on the link https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCUHISlwCp5wRPbwnjNVCpsw
Please feel free to share these links with your colleagues who may be interested.
If you have any queries or require more information regarding the topic or wish to know more about Utthunga you can mail us at contact@utthunga.com or visit our website https://utthunga.com/products/network-diagnostics/
• To provide solid foundation to the Boolean algebra and various Boolean expression simplification techniques.
• To give good knowledge on combinational and sequential circuits and various components, by giving useful digital circuits which go into making various microprocessors and micro-controllers.
• To enhance the knowledge on digital design techniques to enable the students to learn courses on microprocessors, assembly programming, processor architecture, etc.
Here we describe the design details and performance of proposed Carry Propagate Adder based on GDI
technique. GDI technique is power efficient technique for designing digital circuit that consumes less
power as compare to most commonly used CMOS technique. GDI also has an advantage of minimum
propagation delay, minimum area required and less complexity for designing any digital circuit. We
designed Carry Propagate Adder using GDI technique and compared its performance with CMOS
technique in terms of area, delay and power dissipation. Circuit designed using CADENCE EDA tool and
simulated using SPECTRE VIRTUOSO tool at 0.18m technology. Comparative performance result shows
that Carry Propagate Adder using GDI technique dissipated 55.6% less power as compare to Carry
Propagate Adder using CMOS technique.
Design of Sequence Recognizer (1001)
State Diagram
State Table
State Assignment
State Transition Table
Designing combinational circuit
Circuit Diagram – Home work
State Diagrams
Some Examples
Design of Sequential Circuits
Design Steps
Design of Sequence Recognizer (1011)
State Diagram
State Table
State Assignment
Types of Clocked Sequential Circuits
Moore and Mealy Models
Analysis of Clocked Sequential Circuits
Logic Diagram
State equations
State Table
State Diagram
Example 1: Moore Machine
Example 2: Mealy Machine
Problem 1 – Using T Flip-Flop
Finite State Machine (FSM)
Example: Turnstile
Types of Clocked Sequential Circuits
Moore Model
Mealy Model
Example circuits
Analysis of Clocked Sequential Circuits
Example 1: Moore Machine (partial)
Master-slave - D-Flip-flop
Negative edge triggered
Positive edge triggered
D Flip-flop
Preset and Clear Implementation
Circuits using D Flip-flop
Data latches
Detecting the sequence of Edges
Introduction to Boolean Algebra
Ordinary Algebra Vs Boolean Algebra
Boolean Expressions
Variables, literals and terms
Complement and Dual
Laws of Boolean Algebra
Rules of Boolean Algebra
Rules 1 to 6
Number Representations
Scientific Notation
Normalized numbers
Floating-point Representation
IEEE 754 Format
Single Precision (32 bits)
Exponent and Significand
Biased Exponent
Range of floating point numbers
Reference: Video Lecture on this topic
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN CONDENSING HEAT EXCHANGERS...ssuser7dcef0
Power plants release a large amount of water vapor into the
atmosphere through the stack. The flue gas can be a potential
source for obtaining much needed cooling water for a power
plant. If a power plant could recover and reuse a portion of this
moisture, it could reduce its total cooling water intake
requirement. One of the most practical way to recover water
from flue gas is to use a condensing heat exchanger. The power
plant could also recover latent heat due to condensation as well
as sensible heat due to lowering the flue gas exit temperature.
Additionally, harmful acids released from the stack can be
reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation. reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation.
Condensation of vapors in flue gas is a complicated
phenomenon since heat and mass transfer of water vapor and
various acids simultaneously occur in the presence of noncondensable
gases such as nitrogen and oxygen. Design of a
condenser depends on the knowledge and understanding of the
heat and mass transfer processes. A computer program for
numerical simulations of water (H2O) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
condensation in a flue gas condensing heat exchanger was
developed using MATLAB. Governing equations based on
mass and energy balances for the system were derived to
predict variables such as flue gas exit temperature, cooling
water outlet temperature, mole fraction and condensation rates
of water and sulfuric acid vapors. The equations were solved
using an iterative solution technique with calculations of heat
and mass transfer coefficients and physical properties.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
HEAP SORT ILLUSTRATED WITH HEAPIFY, BUILD HEAP FOR DYNAMIC ARRAYS.
Heap sort is a comparison-based sorting technique based on Binary Heap data structure. It is similar to the selection sort where we first find the minimum element and place the minimum element at the beginning. Repeat the same process for the remaining elements.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com