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Diffusion of the iPad
- 1. Diffusion of the iPad Erika Haley EDUC 7101-1 Walden University
- 2. Need What problem or need existed that gave rise to the iPad? A portable computer with a hidden keyboard Interactive application to increase student engagement Opportunity for students to share their learning and ideas with others in the class.
- 3. Research What research organization or people developed a solution? What were their findings? Who were the “lead thinkers for the iPad, and how did they convince a manufacturer to produce it? Apple’s research and development team kept the iPad in secrecy. Elimination of the keyboard was looked and discussed in multiple way. Prototype was created but Steve Jobs was better suited as a mobile phone. The iPhone was manufactured and marketed prior to the iPad.
- 4. The Rise of the iPad
- 5. Development What problems were encountered in the development process for the iPad? Who was the intended audience? The iPad was created for those who wanted to get away from bulky laptops. Pushed into private sector: education, business, sports and music. 1st Generation did not have print or file sharing capabilities.
- 6. Commercialization Describe the production, manufacturing, packaging, marketing, and distribution of the iPad. Apple products are created in secrecy so they are manufactured in China by Foxconn. Components are created and manufactured by outside companies Originally Apply was the sole distributor with sales limited to website and store front. Later moved sales to other retailers for ease of consumer purchase.
- 7. Key Change Agents “A change agent is an individual who influenced clients’ innovation decisions in a direction deemed desirable” (Rogers, 2003). Key change agents include: teachers, multi-media specialist, administrator and curriculum directors who have adapted the use of iPad in education. The use of the iPad in education is and will be influenced by others due to adaptors of change. According to Rogers (2003), “in many cases, adaptors serve as their own change agents in diffusing their innovations to others” (p.395).
- 8. Key Change Agents Innovators: early, primary, and secondary teachers and administration Early Adopters: students, educators, Technology enthusiasts, business people, Trainers, AT Specialist Laggards: Teachers who have little or no technology knowledge and textbook companies
- 9. Decentralized Approach The use of technology with emphasis on the use of an iPad in education is best diffused through a decentralized diffusion system. This will happen when, “innovations originate from numerous local sources and then evolve as they diffuse via horizontal network” (Rogers, 2003). The educational system is divided into several areas: elementary, middle and high, each may diffuse differently based on the innovation and need “innovations originate from numerous local sources and then evolve as they diffuse via horizontal network” (Rogers, 2003, p. 395).
- 10. Role of the “Champion” Importance of a “champion” Management of the innovation Obtaining funding to purchase iPads Provide training and support to teachers
- 11. Critical Mass Critical mass “occurs at the point which enough individuals in a system adopt an invention and it becomes self-sustaining” (Rogers, 2003, p. 334). Critical mass for iPad occurred when New York State Association for Computers and Technologies in Education provide iPad Workshops.
- 12. Attributes to Meet Critical Mass Academic Resources (eTextbooks) Portable Child-Friendly Applications All students are able to participate
- 13. Conclusion iPads can change education and be used as a tool to bridge the gap between school and community and help prepare students to be successful 21st Century learners.
- 14. References Apple (2011). Product images and info: iPad. Retrieved from http://www.apple.com/pr/products/ipad/ipad.html Associated Press (2010, June 2). Jobs says iPad idea came before iPhone. Retrieved from http://www.foxnews.com/scitech/2010/06/02/jobs-says-ipad- idea-came-iphone/ Johnson, B. (2012). How the iPad can transform classroom learning . Retrieved from http:// www.edutopia.org/blog/ipads-transform- classroom-ben-johnson Rogers, E. M. (2003) Diffusion of innovation. Free press, New York City, NY Time Magazine Business (2007, January 12). The apple of your ear. Retrieved from http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1576854,00.h tml
Editor's Notes
- Diffusion of the iPad Erika Haley Walden University EDUC 7101-1: Diffusion and Integration of Educational Technology
- Students need to be prepared for the future. Teachers need the tools or resources to teach students the skills needed for the 21st Century. iPads can help teachers to teach the skills needed for the 21st Century. Apple and CEO Steve Jobs set out to eliminate the physical keyboard found on traditional computers and soon became the market leader in a new type of mobile computing device called the tablet with its invention of the iPad.
- Apple’s R&D team is known for secrecy. Jobs’ was tasked to create a prototype that had a keyboard that was touch screen. Since Jobs had been pushing toward the mobile sector, the mobile phone (iPhone) was created. Therefore the iPad was put on the back burner and the iPhone and iPod Touch were created. Johnson (2012) states that iPads have the potential to change how learning takes place in schools.
- Since January 27,2010, iPads have provided a way for people to interact with content in a more intimate manner (Smith and Evans, 2010). Many of our students home have or will have an iPad. Taking advantage of this technological tool will only improve student learning.
- The development of the iPad have very few cons which include, the price, can be distracting if not closely monitored and connectivity issues if school do not have proper network systems. The pros include that it will eliminate bulky textbook, teaches students organization and about technology early. Teachers can also use iPads to give lectures.
- The iPad was targeted for people who use electronic book readers such as Kindle or the Sony reader. Offering more than an electronic book reader. The price is higher than a notebook but the screen is touch and most notebooks don’t offer touch. The iPad was also targeted for use in education. Schools received grants to implement the use of iPad to replace classroom textbooks.
- Use trainability by choosing three to five teachers (innovators) who would be willing to pilot iPads in their classroom. Provide iPads for each student (early adopters) in the class since other pilots have shown it is more useful for each student to have a device. Provide training and support to the teachers who are piloting the program. Managing the Innovation in the Classroom
- Use trainability by choosing three to five teachers (innovators) who would be willing to pilot iPads in their classroom. Provide iPads for each student (early adopters) in the class since other pilots have shown it is more useful for each student to have a device. Provide training and support to the teachers who are piloting the program.
- Decentralized approach to the use of iPads in the classroom is most appropriate. Decentralized diffusion is where participant create and share information. It is a problem-centered approach which is created based on needs and problems (Rogers, 2003). The use of technology with emphasis on the use of an iPad in education is best diffused through a decentralized diffusion system. This will happen when, “innovations originate from numerous local sources and then evolve as they diffuse via horizontal network” (Rogers, 2003). The educational system is divided into several areas: elementary, middle and high, each may diffuse differently based on the innovation and need “innovations originate from numerous local sources and then evolve as they diffuse via horizontal network” (Rogers, 2003, p. 395).
- The champion of the innovation has an important role in the development and implementation of the innovation. The champion must be aware of the seven roles that he/she needs to fulfill. One, he/she needs to be aware that there is a need. Two, build a relationship with his/her peers. Three, show how other innovations would not meet the given goals. Four, peak interest in the innovation. Five, use the needs to change the current behavior. Six, use reinforcement to stabilize behavior. Seven, use peers to achieve self reliance. Funding for the innovation can be challenging if your school district does not have a budget for technology. The link can provide several website that can be used to assist in receiving grants for iPads. Once iPads are received teachers will need training on how to properly use them without over burdening themselves.
- Portable Access to audio and ebooks (replacing textbooks ) Children friendly apps, music, video Academic resources All students get the opportunity to participate