Enzymes properties, nomenclature and classificationJasmineJuliet
Enzymes - Definition, Introduction about biocatalysts, Properties of enzymes, Specificity, capacity for regulation, Example for enzyme at specific pH, Nomenclature of enzymes, Systematic name, common name, enzyme commission number, Classification of enzymes: Oxidoreductase, Transferase, lyases, ligases, isomerases, hydrolases.
Enzymes properties, nomenclature and classificationJasmineJuliet
Enzymes - Definition, Introduction about biocatalysts, Properties of enzymes, Specificity, capacity for regulation, Example for enzyme at specific pH, Nomenclature of enzymes, Systematic name, common name, enzyme commission number, Classification of enzymes: Oxidoreductase, Transferase, lyases, ligases, isomerases, hydrolases.
A comprehensive coverage of Enzymes including basics, mechanisms of enzyme catalysis, enzyme inhibition and clinical applications, mostly based on Stryer- Biochemistry. The slides were intended for MBBS teaching, but should benefit the students of Biochemistry and allied sciences.
Prepared in Sept 2015
An enzyme is a biological catalyst and is almost always a protein. It speeds up the rate of a specific chemical reaction in the cell. The enzyme is not destroyed during the reaction and is used over and over.
A comprehensive coverage of Enzymes including basics, mechanisms of enzyme catalysis, enzyme inhibition and clinical applications, mostly based on Stryer- Biochemistry. The slides were intended for MBBS teaching, but should benefit the students of Biochemistry and allied sciences.
Prepared in Sept 2015
An enzyme is a biological catalyst and is almost always a protein. It speeds up the rate of a specific chemical reaction in the cell. The enzyme is not destroyed during the reaction and is used over and over.
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4. • Enzymes are proteins that increase the rate of
reaction by lowering the energy of activation
• They catalyze nearly all the chemical reactions taking
place in the cells of the body.
• Not altered or consumed during reaction.
• Reusable
8. When the free energy of the reactant is greater than that of the product, the free energy
changes for the reaction is negative, so the reaction proceeds spontaneously (a).
When the free energy of the product is greater than that of the reactant, the free energy
change of the reaction is positive, so the reaction does not proceed spontaneously
(however the reverse reaction does proceed).
9. Enzymes Lower a
Reaction’s
Activation
Energy
All chemical reactions
require some amount of
energy to get them
started.
OR
It is First push to start
reaction.
This energy is called
activation energy.
21. Lock-and-Key Model
• In the lock-and-key model of enzyme action:
- the active site has a rigid shape
- only substrates with the matching shape can fit
- the substrate is a key that fits the lock of the active site
• This is an older model, however, and does not work for all
enzymes
22.
23. Induced Fit Model
• In the induced-fit model of enzyme action:
- the active site is flexible, not rigid
- the shapes of the enzyme, active site, and substrate adjust to
maximumize the fit, which improves catalysis
- there is a greater range of substrate specificity
• This model is more consistent with a wider range of enzymes
24.
25. E.C. Number
• The Enzyme Commission Number (EC Number) is a numerical classification
scheme for enzymes, based on the chemical reactions they catalyze.
• The chemical reaction catalyzed is the specific property that distinguishes one
enzyme from another.
• EC numbers specify enzyme-catalysed reactions.
• The EC numbers are assigned by the Nomenclature Committee of the
International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (IUBMB).
26. Systemic Nomenclature
•Every enzyme consists of a code of the letters “EC” followed by four
numbers separated by periods.The first digit defines the general type of
reaction catalysed by the enzyme and ranges from one to six.
•The second figure indicates the subclass.
•The third figure gives the sub-subclass.
•The fourth figure is the serial number of the enzyme in its sub-
subclass.
27. • EC 1. Oxidoreductases
• EC 2. Transferases
• EC 3. Hydrolases
• EC 4. Lyases
• EC 5. Isomerases
• EC 6. Ligases
Each enzyme has classification number consisting of four digits:
Example, EC: (2.7.1.1) HEXOKINASE
28. Isozyme: Within an organism more than one enzyme may catalyze a
given reaction. Multiple enzymes catalyzing the same reaction is
called isozymes.
Isozymes differ in their catalytic properties. Consequently, the various
isozymes that are present in different tissues or at different
developmental stages can carry out slightly different metabolic
functions.
31. Environmental factors
• pH also affects the rate of enzyme-substrate
complexes
• Most enzymes have an optimum pH of around 7
(neutral)
• However, some prefer acidic or basic conditions
32. Substrate Concentration and Reaction Rate
• The rate of reaction increases as substrate
concentration increases (at constant enzyme
concentration)
• Maximum activity occurs when the enzyme is
saturated (when all enzymes are binding substrate)
