The document outlines various occupational hazards and risks in the workplace, categorized into physical, ergonomic, chemical, biological, and environmental hazards. It emphasizes the importance of recognizing and managing these hazards to protect employee health and well-being, along with implementing Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) standards. Additionally, it suggests methods for controlling hazards, including recognizing risks, analyzing them, and creating prevention plans.

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2. Occupational
Hazards and Risks

3. Hazards
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• are potential and
possible situations that
may put one's health,
well-being, or life in
danger. They do not
only affect the worker,
but may also put other
people at risk.

4. Physical hazards
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are the physical agents, factors, or
conditions present in the
workplace that can cause physical
harm or injury to the workers.
Some examples are: exposed
electrical wiring; wet and slippery
floor; scattered boxes, supplies
and materials; constant loud
noise; and exposed machinery.

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In an ICT workplace, computer
hardware technicians often work
with wires and cables that are
attached to components. There
are times when hand tools, tool
boxes, and other materials used
are left everywhere that may
cause harm not only to the worker
but also to the people who are in
the same environment.t.

6. Ergonomic hazards
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affect how the body and its parts are
strained and stressed when performing
the job. It takes a long time for the effects
of these hazards to show as they develop
over time. Some examples are: poorly
adjusted tables and chairs in a working
station; incorrect use of tools and
equipment; poor sitting position while
using the computer; poor lighting; and use
of equipment without proper knowledge
and training.

7. Chemical hazards
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• refer to any form of chemicals present in the work
environment that are potentially toxic or irritating to
the body systems. Some examples are: exposed
cleaning agents; poisonous gases, such as carbon
monoxide and other similar gases; flammable
chemicals, such as kerosene and gasoline; inkjet
printer cartridges or laser printer toner cartridges;
keyboard cleaning chemicals; and dirt and dust
removers and other cleaning solvents.

8. Biological hazards
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are disease-producing agents present in the
work environment that can be transmitted to
individuals through varied ways of exposure,
which may result to acute or chronic health
conditions. Some examples of biological
hazards include: body fluids, such as blood,
saliva, and other similar wastes; exposed
human and animal wastes; and Caution
Biological Hazard signs and symbols of
biological hazards viruses and bacteria.

9. Environmental hazards
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• affect the land, water, and air
that surrounds the working
environment. Some examples
are: unclean surrounding;
dirty drinking water or
exposed water source; poor
system of segregating wastes;
and noise and air pollution.

10. Occupational
Safety and Health
(OSH) Standard

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Occupational safety and health (OSH) standards
deal with the welfare of employees in terms of
health, security, safety, disposition, and well-being
in the workplace. It includes finding the best
solutions and alternatives to prevent potential
hazards that may put the health and safety of
employees at risk. Every company, big or small,
has the moral obligation to protect its employees
from hazards and potential risks that may arise
while doing their duty in the workplace. A well-
organized plan for the proper implementation of
OSH standards is vital in every company.

12. Occupational Hazards
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Every work environment has
its hazards. It is important
that the presence of these
hazards are identified,
recognized, or anticipated
early on to prevent, if not
eliminate, mishaps, incidents,
injuries, and illnesses in the
workplace.

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In an ICT work environment,
some examples of hazards
may include poor ventilation,
sedentary work and prolonged
sitting, workstation
ergonomics, and excessive
screen time. Each of these
hazards has corresponding
risks.

14. Occupational Risks
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Risks are the results of
what may happen to
people who are exposed to
different hazards. Possible
risks in the workplace
include:

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• Poor ventilation may cause a
buildup of pollutants
(molds, bacteria, and volatile
organic compounds) that
may cause or trigger a range
of health problems, such as
headaches, fatigue, and
respiratory issues;

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• Sedentary work can increase
the risks of poor posture,
cardiovascular disease, obesity,
stroke, diabetes, and increased
anxiety. Sitting for long periods
of time at any workstation can
lead to musculoskeletal issues,
excess body fat around the
waist, and unhealthy
cholesterol levels; and

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• Excessive computer
screen time can cause
physical discomfort, such
as eye fatigue and
dryness, poor posture,
and obesity. It may also
lead to other problems,
including sleep
disturbances, depression,
and anxiety.

18. Controlling Hazards in the Workplace and
Managing OSH
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According to Desiderius
Erasmus, "prevention is
better than cure." Hazards
may not be eliminated but
can be prevented in
different ways.

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Below are some of the ways in controlling
hazards in the workplace:
1. Recognize and prioritize the potential hazard.
Which hazards are more prone to great risks?
Which hazards can still be prevented? Aside from
the employees, who else may be potential
victims of these hazards?

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2. Analyze and evaluate the risk. What are
the risks that may arise from these
hazards? How can these risks be managed
to minimize their effects?

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3. Make a plan. What are the best
solutions or measures that can be
implemented? What are the possible ways
to prevent hazards if they cannot be
eliminated? What are the alternative
solutions?

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23. THANK YOU
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