Differences and similarities between arguments of Hobbes and Locke

1. International Ataturk Ala-Too University
Department of International Relation
Differences and similarities between arguments of Hobbes and Locke
Subject: History and Theory of International Relation
Lecturer: Ibrahim Koncak
Student: Dosalieva Aizhan IR-13A

2. Differences and similarities between
arguments of T.Hobbes and J.Locke
Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) John Locke (1632-1704)

3. T. Hobbes J. Locke
 "The philosophical beginning of doctrine about the
Citizen" (1642)
 Leviathan, or the Matter, form and power of the
church and the civil state“ (1651)
 The views were formed under the influence of the
English Revolution in the XVII century
 "Two treatises on Governance" (1690)
 The views were formed in the post-revolutionary
period

4. The similarities in the teachings of
T. Hobbes and J. Locke
 T. Hobbes and J. Locke were the most famous philosophers of the theory of social contract.
 Before the emergence of the state people were in the natural state
 They considered the individual as an essential element and interpreted the state as a result of the
social contract between individuals, concluded to stop the natural state

5. The similarities in the teachings of
T. Hobbes and J. Locke
 The theory of social contract is theory of nature of the state, not the theory of the origin of
the State
 Laws are created by the freedom of the majority, subordination of the minority to decision
of the majority
 T. Hobbes and J. Locke shared natural and civil law

6. The Differences in the teachings of
T. Hobbes and J. Locke
THOMAS HOBBES JOHN LOCKE
 NATURAL STATE – IT IS A WAR OF ALL AGAINST
ALL, AS EACH PURSUES ITS OWN INTERESTS,
AND THIS LEADS TO MUTUAL DESTRUCTION
 People give rights and freedom to one person, elected
by universal agreement - to monarch
 PEOPLE DO AGREEMENT NOT BEACAUSE THEY NEED
for protection from each other, because THEY need to live
together
 They do transmit NOT all the power TO the monarch, but
only part of it - the execution of laws. Another part of the
power - the legislative, and the third - justice

7. The Differences in the teachings of
T. Hobbes andJ. Locke
 Monarch has the absolute right and absolute
freedom (absolute power)
 The contract between the citizens themselves
THOMAS HOBBES JOHN LOCKE
 The principle of separation of powers
 The contract between the citizens and the ruling
power

8. The Differences in the teachings of
T. Hobbes andJ. Locke
 Complete failure of individuals from all of
their natural rights and freedoms in favor
of the state
 It denies the right of rebellion
THOMAS HOBBES JOHN LOCKE
 INDIVIDUALS DO NOT GIVE UP THEIR
NATURAL RIGHTS. Natural rights are not
transmitted to anybody and nobody limited.
 people retain the sovereignty and the right to
remove those in power, WHO did not justify the
people's trust

9. The Differences in the teachings of
T. Hobbes andJ. Locke
 A supporter of absolute monarchy
 Natural law is the requirement of natural mind
and civil law is enforcement OF the supreme
power
THOMAS HOBBES JOHN LOCKE
 CRITICIZED ABSOLUTE MONARCHY
 Natural law is innate and inalienable human rights
and freedoms, and civil law is an obligatory act of the
legislature, which expresses the will of society

10. The Differences in the teachings of
T. Hobbes andJ. Locke
 people's fear of other people causes them to seek
protection from the state, whose laws they are
obligated to obey. When all are equal before the
law, foundation for fear of fellow citizens
disappears
THOMAS HOBBES JOHN LOCKE
THE STATE ITSELF MAY CAUSE FEAR.
IT IS NECESSARY To KEEP THE STATE
IN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE LAW,
FORCING STATE LEADERS TO KEEP
THEM