This document outlines guidelines for treating pediatric diarrhea. It defines diarrhea and describes types such as acute and chronic. Common bacterial and viral causes are listed. Diarrhea can cause dehydration through fluid and electrolyte loss. Signs of dehydration include increased thirst, irritability, and sunken eyes. The World Health Organization sets standard treatment guidelines based on dehydration severity - no, mild, or severe dehydration. Treatment plans involve oral rehydration, antibiotics if needed, and early reintroduction of food. Prevention through safe water, food handling, and hygiene is emphasized.

1. Paediatric Management of
Diarrhea
Hina Hussain

2. Diarrhea
A symptom of underlined Pathological conditions
e.g., Malnutrition, Short Bowel syndrome,
Gastroentritis, Diabetis Mellitus, Lactose
intolerance, Antibiotic therapy
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3. Definition
The passage of more than three watery stools
a day is diarrhea
• Frequency
• Consistency
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4. TYPES OF DIARRHEA
• Acute Diarrhea
• Chronic diarrhea
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5. COMMON CAUSES OF
DIARRHEA- BACTERIA
– Vibrio cholera
– Shigella
– Escherichia coli
– Salmonella
– Campylobacter jejuni
– Yersinia enterocolitica
– Staphylococcus
– Vibrio parahemolyticus
– Clostridium difficile

6. COMMON CAUSES OF
DIARRHEA- VIRUS
• Rotavirus
• Adenoviruses
• Caliciviruses
• Astroviruses
• Norwalk agents and Norwalk-like viruses

7. How body gets effected
Diarrhea results in excessive water and electrolytes
lose in the body called dehydration.
Signs of dehydration
• Increased thirst
• Irritability
• Sunken eyes
• Decresed skin turger
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8. Standard Treatment Guidelines
(STG’s)
• These are the guidelines set by certain
organization to standardize the treatment of
the patients and to maximize the cure rate.
e.g., WHO, WGO, CDC etc.
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9. WHO STG’s on Diarrhea
WHO have STG’s on the basis of grade of
Dehydration:
• No dehydration: Treatment Plan ‘A’
• Mild: Treatment Plan ‘B’
• Severe: Treatment Plan ‘C’
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10. Grading/ Assesment
Dehydration
No dehydration Mild Severe
Appearance Irritable, thirsty Irritable, Lethargic
very thirsty or Coma
Eyes Normal depressed markedly
depressed
Skin Normal Slow Very slow
retraction retraction
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11. Objective of these STG’ s
• Rehydration– replace the loss of fluid and
electrolytes
• Antibiotics– according to the type of pathogens
• Start food as soon as possible
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12. Treatment Plan ‘A’
Home based treatment
• ORS, other fluids
How much to give, what kind of fluids are given
• Increase feed
• Oral Zinc
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13. Treatment Plan ‘B’
Oral rehydration therapy
• ORS + Zinc supplementation
• Amount of ORS given for first 4 hours
According to the weight and age of the child
• If abdominal distension
• Reassesment and selection of Plan
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14. Treatment Plan ‘C’
• IV RL at the 100ml/kg
• Reassesment of the patient
• Selection of treatment plan accordingly
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15. BUT
A good saying prevention is better than cure
• Safe drinking water and food
“Boil it, cook it, peel it, or forget it. "
• Hand washing
• Proper sanitation
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