Range of motion is the measurement of movement around a specific joint or body part. Range of motion exercise refers to activity aimed to improve movement of a specific joint. These exercises are done to preserve flexibility and mobility of the joints on which they are performed.

1. RANGE OF MOTION EXERCISE
BY
APARNA SINHA
(RA1711009010137)

2. WHAT IS RANGE OF MOTION?
▸ Range of motion is the measurement of movement around
a specific joint or body part
▸ This is the range through which a joint can be moved,
usually its range of flexion and extension, as determined
by the type of joint, its articular surfaces, and that allowed
by regional muscles, tendons, ligaments, joints and
physiologic control of movement across the joint.
▸ It is measured in degrees of a circle. It is the Joint
movement carried out to assess, preserve, or increase the
arc of joint motion.

3. MEASURE OF ROM
▸ Devices to measure range of motion in the joints of the body
include the Goniometer and Inclinometer
▸ They use a stationary arm, protractor, fulcrum, and
movement arm to measure angle from axis of the joint.
▸ Tape measures can also be used to measure range of motion
in some specific parts of the body (lumbar range of motion).
▸ Limited range of motion refers to a joint that has a reduction
in its ability to move. Motion may be limited because of a
problem within the joint, swelling of tissue around the joint,
stiffness of the muscles, or pain

4. WHAT IS RANGE OF MOTION EXERCISE?
▸ Range of motion exercise refers to activity aimed to
improve movement of a specific joint.
▸ These exercises are done to preserve flexibility and
mobility of the joints on which they are performed.
▸ They reduce stiffness and prevent or at least slow down
the freezing of your joints as the disease progresses and
the person move less often.

5. ▸ This motion is influenced by several structures:
configuration of bone surfaces within the joint, joint
capsule, ligaments, tendons, and muscles acting on the
joint.
▸ There are three types of ROM exercises: passive, active,
and active assists.

6. GUIDELINES FOR ROM EXERCISE
▸ Start with head and move down bilaterally
▸ Do not grasp any joint directly
▸ Support the distal and proximal ends of the joints
▸ Move the joint through 5 times and bring it back to the
anatomical position
▸ Move the joints to point of resistance not pain
▸ Avoid friction by lifting the joint instead of dragging

7. PASSIVE ROM
▸ Passive range of motion is movement applied to a joint
solely by another person or persons or a passive motion
machine.
▸ When passive range of motion is applied, the joint of an
individual receiving exercise is completely relaxed while
the outside force moves the body part, such as a leg or
arm, throughout the available range.

8. ACTIVE ROM
▸ Active range of motion is movement of a joint provided
entirely by the individual performing the exercise.
▸ In this case, there is no outside force aiding in the
movement.

9. ACTIVE ASSIST ROM
▸ Active assist range of motion is described as a joint
receiving partial assistance from an outside force.
▸ This range of motion may result from the majority of
motion applied by an exerciser or by the person or
persons assisting the individual.
▸ It also may be a half-and-half effort on the joint from each
source.

10. JOINT MOVEMENTS
▸ ABDUCTION: moving a body part away from the midline
of the body
▸ ADDUCTION:moving a body part towards the midline of
the body
▸ EXTENSION: straightening a body part
▸ FLEXION: bending a body part
▸ ROTATION: turning the joint

11. PASSIVE ROM EXERCISES
▸ Types of passive ROM exercises:
▸ Head and neck exercises
▸ Shoulder and elbow exercises
▸ Forearm and wrist exercises
▸ Hand and finger exercises
▸ Hip and knee exercises
▸ Ankle and foot exercises

12. NECK EXERCISES

13. SHOULDER AND ELBOW EXERCISES

14. ARM AND WRIST EXERCISES

15. HAND AND FINGER EXERCISES

16. HIP AND KNEE EXERCISES

17. ANKLE AND FOOT EXERCISES