There are many different imaging techniques used in medicine and other fields. Some examples include X-ray imaging, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT) scans, ultrasound, and positron emission tomography (PET) scans. These techniques all work in different ways to produce images of the inside of the body or other objects. For example, X-rays use radiation to create images, while MRI and CT scans use powerful magnets and computers to produce detailed images of the body's internal structures. Ultrasound uses sound waves to create images, and PET scans use radioactive tracers to create images of the body's metabolic activity. These imaging techniques are often used in conjunction with one another to provide a comprehensive view of a patient's condition.

1. Imaging techniques
X-Rays,CT Scan, MRI
Richa Gupta

2. Need
• When doctors need to see what’s happening
inside your body, they often have you get a
diagnostic imaging test. There are several
types of these imaging tests that help the
doctor make an accurate diagnosis and
choose the ideal treatment plan. Each
imaging test uses different technology to
create images that help your doctor identify
certain medical complications.

3. What Is an X-ray?
• An x-ray, which is short for x-radiation,
• can see your bones, muscle and more without having to make an
incision.
• the test uses a form of electromagnetic radiation.
• X-ray images are created using a machine that sends x-ray particles
through the body. The x-ray particles themselves are called
photons, and they allow a specialized film or computer to capture
the images that are created.
• Dense bodily structures, like bone or metal, can prevent most x-ray
particles from traveling through them. On the x-ray image, this
causes these structures to look white. If a structure contains air, it
will appear black on the image created. Muscles, fat, and fluids
appear in various gray shades.

5. Uses
• To examine an area where you’re experiencing
discomfort or pain
• To monitor how a disease is progressing, like
osteoporosis
• To check up on how a prescribed treatment is
working

6. types
• Soft x-rays have fairly short wavelengths of
approximately 10 nanometers (nanometers are
one-billionth of a meter). Therefore they can be
placed in the electromagnetic (EM) spectrum
between gamma-rays and ultraviolet (UV) light.
• Hard x-rays have wavelengths of approximately
100 picometers (picometers are one-trillionth of
a meter) wavelengths. They occupy the same
area as gamma-rays on the EM spectrum.

9. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DlbVGBs5DVY

11. CT Scan
• generates high-quality, detailed images of the
body. It’s a more powerful and sophisticated
x-ray that takes a 360-degree image of the
spine, vertebrae and internal organs.

20. https://www.slideshare.net/drpramodkrishnan/ct-basics

21. Steps of CT scan
• Data Acquaition
• Reconstruction
• Conversion

22. Generation
• First generation
• Second generation
• Third generation
• Fourth generation

23. Types
1. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) CT Scan
• The PET CT scan helps the physician to see the level of
activity of certain body organs and tissues, along with their
structure. You’ll receive a substance called a “tracer”
containing glucose with a little bit of radioactive material
attached before your test.
• This tracer travels through your body systems. It acts like a
dye for the imaging scan to pick up on. If there’s high
chemical activity in certain areas, more of the dye will be
picked up, and it will show bright spots on the image,
alerting the doctor of possible disease.
• often for detecting heart problems, cancer and brain
diseases.

24. 2. CT Urography
• CT urography is a type of specialized radiological
exam used for evaluating the urinary tract, which
includes the ureters, kidneys and bladder. It’s an
innovative technology that uses computed
tomography to produce cross-sectional images
throughout your body. The images of internal
organs are very detailed and allow doctors to
make decisions on the most accurate treatment
plan to take.
• The most common uses for this exam are to
evaluate blood in your urine and detect kidney
stones.

25. MRI
• magnetic resonance imaging and combines a
strong magnet with radio waves.
• creating incredibly detailed images of body
structures.
• frequently for diagnosing joint and bone
problems, as well as for assessing treatment
progress, looking into brain abnormalities and
evaluating pelvic pain or infertility issues.

27. https://www.slideshare.net/shonimaindiaultrasound/mri-ppt-
39713364

44. TYPES
1. Open MRI Scans – High-Field (1.5T)
• A high-field (1.5T), open MRI delivers superb image quality:
• Open MRI: This refers to the configuration of the equipment. The Open MRI creates a bright
imaging and a relatively roomy experience because it is open on three sides. It has a modern design
which yields quick and comfortable exams, which is particularly beneficial for individuals who are
claustrophobic.
• High-Field (1.5T): High-field (1.5T) is referring to image quality. The 1.5T offers a wide range of coil
options, allowing for better image quality across some imaging applications when compared to the
3T.
2. MRI Short Bore Scans – High-Field (1.5T)
• The bore refers to the opening in the MRI imaging machine. Short bore MRI scans are 5 percent
wider and 50 percent shorter than the conventional MRI setup. The dimensions provide the patient
with a roomy and very airy imaging experience.
3. MRI Open Bore Scans – High-Field (1.5T)
• An open bore MRI provides a wider opening that allows for a far more comfortable MRI scan. With
the traditional bore, there’s a slightly bigger opening than the patient, and this creates a very
uncomfortable, restrictive environment.
4. MRI Scans – High-Field (1.5T)
• This high-field (1.5T) MRI scanning machine offers the most innovative imaging technology. It’s
valuable for doctors to scan all body parts and is considered the industry standard.
• s

45. 5. 3T MRI Scans
• Also known as the 3 Tesla MRI, the 3T MRI scan is an efficient and powerful imaging exam that you
may have instead of the 1.5T traditional scan. While 3T scanners were once only found mainly in
medical research centers, these days, you may see them in clinical settings too.
• The 3T scans use strong, powerful magnets, producing a magnetic field much more powerful than
the 1.5T scan. This allows the MRI to create clearer images more quickly.
6. MRI Spectroscopy
• MRI spectroscopy is a non-invasive method used for characterizing the biochemistry of infarcts,
tumors and other pathology. It’s frequently performed to diagnose specific metabolic disorders
such as those that affect the brain. It helps doctors figure out the specifics of tumors like their
metabolism or aggressiveness.
7. MRCP Scans
• Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) scan is a specific type of MRI that focuses
on attaining images of the pancreatic and hepatobiliary systems, including the liver, gallbladder,
pancreas, bile ducts and pancreatic duct.
• This is an absolutely painless, non-invasive medical test used to help diagnose abdominal pain, or to
evaluate pancreatitis to detect the underlying cause.
8. MR Elastography
• MR Elastography (MRE) is a new way to take images of the body. The scan works by combining MRI
imaging with sound waves which help to create a visual map (known as an elastogram). The
elastogram can show the stiffness of various body tissues. MRE can be used to detect hardening of
the liver caused by numerous types of chronic liver disease.

46. Difference Between an X-Ray and a CT
Scan?
• use x-rays to detect dislocations and fractures of bones as
well as detect cancers and pneumonia. However, CT scans
are a type of advanced x-ray devices doctors use for
diagnosing internal organ injuries, using x-ray images of the
structure and a computer.
• X-ray machines in some cases fail to diagnose problems
with muscle damage, soft tissues or other body organs, but
with the CT scan, it’s entirely possible. x-ray images are in
2D, while CT scan images are 3D. The CT scanning machine
rotates on an axis and takes various 2D images of an
individual’s body from multiple angles. Then, the computer
will place all the cross-sectional images together on its
screen, resulting in a 3D image of the body’s inside,
revealing the presence of injury or disease to the doctor.

47. Difference Between a CT Scan and an
MRI?
• X-rays and CT scans both use a small dose of ionizing radiation to produce images.
• An MRI scan, however, doesn’t work this way. It uses powerful magnets and radio
waves to create the images instead of ionizing radiation. So, you are not exposed
to radiation when you have an MRI scan, unlike a CT scan or x-ray. The MRI applies
a magnetic field, lining up each of the protons in your body. The radio waves are
applied in short bursts to these protons, relaying a signal the MRI scanner picks up.
Then the computer processes this signal and creates a 3D image of the examined
body areas.
• The diagnostic images of a CT scan are taken typically quicker than an MRI scan.
For instance, a CT scan, as with x-rays, often takes five minutes or less while MRIs
can take 30 minutes or more.
• Doctors also use MRIs and CT scans for different reasons. A CT scan is very helpful
in diagnosing severe injuries of the chest, head, spine or abdomen, particularly
fractures. They’re also useful in pinpointing the location and size of tumors.
• An MRI, however, often does a better job at diagnosing problems in the joints, soft
tissues, ligaments and tendons. Doctors will often order an MRI to scan the spine,
brain, breasts, muscles, abdomen and neck. They’re an excellent tool for
evaluating spinal ligaments.

48. Difference Between an MRI and an X-
Ray?
• x-rays expose you to ionizing radiation. MRI
machines don’t emit this radiation.
• x-rays take mere minutes while MRIs can take 30
minutes or longer — up to a couple of hours
• x-rays are limited to scanning for only a few body
ailments. MRIs are more versatile,
• x-rays are used more for examining broken
bones, but they can also help detect diseased
tissue. MRIs are better for evaluating soft tissues
such as tendon and ligament injuries, brain
tumors or spinal cord injuries.