This document discusses diabetic retinopathy, which is the progressive dysfunction of the retinal blood vessels caused by chronic hyperglycemia. It defines the condition and stages of diabetic retinopathy, from mild non-proliferative to severe proliferative retinopathy. Risk factors include high blood sugar, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. The document also covers diagnosing, treating, and preventing diabetic retinopathy through strict glycemic control and annual eye exams.

1. DIABETIC
RETINOPATHY
PRESENTED BY:KUSHAL KAPOOR
B-TECH (IT)
1147413018

2.  Diabetic
retinopathy
 Diabetic retinopathy epidemology
 Risk factors
 Diagnosing diabetic retinopathy
 Stages of diabetic retinopathy
 Diabetic retinopathy treatment
 Prevention
 conclusion

3. DEFINITION:
PROGRESSIVE DYSFUNCTION OF THE RETINAL
BLOOD VESSELS CAUSED BY CHRONIC HYPER
GLYCEMIA.

4.  DR
can be a complication of diabetes type 1
or diabetes type 2.
 Initially DR is asymptomatic , if not treated
though it can cause low vision or blindness.

5.  After
20 years of diabetes ,nearly 99% of
patients of type 1 diabetes and 60%of type 2
have some degree of diabetic retinopathy.
 33% of patients with diabetes have signs of
diabetic retinopathy.

6. PREVALENCE OF DIABETIC
RETINOPATHY AFTER 20 YEARS OF
DIAGNOSIS

7.  RISK
FACTORS OF DIABETIC RETINOPATHY
ARE:-
•HIGH BLOOD SUGAR
•HYPERTENSION
•HYPERLIPIDEMIA

8.  DIABETES
CAN CAUSE VISION IN BOTH EYES
TO CHANGE EVEN IF YOU DO NOT HAVE
RETINOPATHY
 RAPID CHANGES IN BLOOD SUGAR LEVEL
ALTER THE SHAPE OF YOUR EYES LENS AND
THE IMAGE ON THE RETINA WLL BECOME OUT
OF FOCUS
 YOU CAN REDUCE EPISODES OF BLURRED
VISION BY MAINTAINING GOOD CONTROL OF
YOUR BLOOD SUGAR

9.  PEOPLE
WITH DIABETES SHOULD SEE THEIR
OPTHALMOLOGIST IMMEDIATELY IF THEY HAVE
HAVE VISUAL CHANGES THAT:-
 AFFECT
ONLY ONE EYE.
 LAST MORE THAN A FEW DAYS.
 ARE NOT ASSOCIATED WITH A CHANGE IN
BLOOD SUGAR

10. Having difficulty with fine details (e.g. when
reading or watching television)
 Having difficulty in outdoor travel.
 Experiencing visual fluctuation from hour to
hour or day to day.
 Seeing images as rippled (e.g. straight lines
appears bent).
 Experiencing blurred ,hazy or double vision.
 Losing some visual fields.
 Having difficulty seeing at night , or at low light.
 Being particularly sensitive to glare and light.
 Having difficulty focussing.


11.  1.
Mild Nonproliferative Retinopathy
 2.Moderate Nonproliferative Retinopathy
 3. Severe Nonproliferative Retinopathy
 4.proliferative Retinopathy

12.  This
happens when the tiny blood vessels of
the retina begin to swell.
 Characteristics: Microanuerysms only

13. NO RETINOPATHY

14. MILD PROLIFERATIVE DIABETC
RETINOPATHY

15. Characteristics: Microaneurysms
 Hard exudates
 Flamed shaped hemorrhage
 Damage to the blood vessel growth.

16. MODERATE NON-PROLIFERATIVE
DIABETIC RETINOPATHY
HARD EXUDATES
MICROANUERSMS

17. Any of the following:




More than 20 intraretinal hemorrhage in each of four
quadrants
Definite venous beading in two or more quadrants
Prominent Intraretinal Microvascular Abnormalities
(IRMA) in one or more quadrants
And no signs of proliferative retinopathy

18.  Blood
supply is blocked causing the need to
signal the need for new blood vessels

19. SEVERE NON-PROLIFERATIVE
DIABETIC RETINOPATHY
VENOUS
BEADING

20.  The
retina sends signals so new blood vessels
are created . These blood vessels are
abnormal and more likely to hemorrhage due
to the thin walls of the blood vessels . The
walls of these blood vessels are weak and
soon became to haemorrhage.

21. characteristics: Neovascularization
 Vitreous hemorrhage

22. Proliferative diabetic
retinopathy

23.  Treatment
of diabetic retinopathy
The best measure for
prevention of loss of vision
from diabetic retinopathy
is strict glycemic control

24.  Once
Dr threatens vision treatment can
include:Laser therapy to seal leaking blood
vessels (focal laser)
Laser therapy to reduce retinal oxygen
demand (scatter laser)
Surgical removal of blood from the eye
(vitrectomy)

25. 90 PERCENT OF DIABETIC EYE DISEASE
CAN BE PREVENTED SIMPLY BY REGULAR
EXAMINATION ,TREATMENT AND BY
CONTROLLING BLOOD SUGAR

26. CONT:PRIMARY PREVENTION
 STRICT GLYCEMIC CONTROL
BLOOD PRESSURE CONTROL
SECONDARY PREVENTION
ANNUAL EYE EXAMS
TERTIARY PREVENTION
RETINAL LASER
PHOTOCOAGULATION
VITRECTOMY

27. Diabetic retinopathy is
preventable through
strict glycemic control
and annual dilated eye
exams by an
opthalmologist