Diabetes millatus
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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to either insufficient insulin production or resistance to insulin. The two main types are type 1 diabetes, where the body does not produce insulin, and type 2 diabetes, where the body does not produce enough insulin or cells are resistant to insulin. Symptoms include increased thirst, urination, appetite, and fatigue. Complications arise from long-term high blood glucose and include cardiovascular disease, nerve damage, kidney damage, and eye damage. Proper management through diet, exercise, medication and insulin therapy can help prevent complications.
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A complete knowledge about Diabetes Mellitus and its types including Type 1 Diabetes, Type 2 diabetes, gestational diabetes, pancreatic diabetes & monogenic diabetes along with clinical features, investigations and management
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This document provides an overview of diabetes, including the different types and how they are managed. It discusses:
1) Type 1 diabetes is characterized by an inability to produce insulin and requires lifelong insulin treatment. Type 2 diabetes is more common and associated with insulin resistance, often developing in overweight adults over 40.
2) Untreated diabetes can lead to hyperglycemia and long-term complications affecting the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart and feet. Managing diabetes involves monitoring blood sugar, healthy eating, physical activity, medication and preventing other risk factors.
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- G6PD is responsible for producing NADPH, which generates glutathione to protect red blood cells from damage by free radicals. In G6PD deficiency, insufficient NADPH leads to hemolysis upon exposure to oxidative stress.
- Diagnosis involves testing for G6PD enzyme activity levels, which are reduced in deficiency. Exposure to oxidative triggers can cause a hemolytic crisis characterized by dark urine and jaundice.
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3) Zinc is found in foods like legumes, potatoes, and cabbage. It is a cofactor for over 300 enzymes and is important for processes like wound healing. Zinc deficiency can impair growth and immune function.
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Diabetes is a group of metabolic disorders caused by defects in insulin production or insulin action, resulting in hyperglycemia. The total number of people with diabetes worldwide is projected to rise from 171 million in 2000 to 366 million by 2030. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. Genetic susceptibility, autoimmune factors, and environmental triggers like viral infections contribute to the pathogenesis. Multiple genes influence the risk of developing type 1 diabetes, with the HLA locus conferring the greatest risk. Islet cell autoantibodies against insulin, GAD, and IA-2 are markers for disease progression.
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Diabetes mellitus, often called simply diabetes, is a group of diseases that involve problems with your body's use of blood sugar (glucose). Glucose is an important source of energy for your cells, but if your blood sugar levels get too high, it can lead to serious health problems.
1. **Definition**:
- Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels due to insufficient insulin production or impaired insulin function.
2. **Types**:
- **Type 1 Diabetes**:
- Also known as insulin-dependent diabetes.
- Results from the immune system attacking and destroying insulin-producing cells in the pancreas.
- Requires lifelong insulin therapy.
- **Type 2 Diabetes**:
- Most common type.
- Develops when the body becomes resistant to insulin or doesn't produce enough.
- Managed through lifestyle changes, oral medications, and sometimes insulin.
- **Gestational Diabetes**:
- Occurs during pregnancy and usually resolves after childbirth.
3. **Symptoms**:
- Increased thirst and urination.
- Fatigue.
- Blurred vision.
- Unintentional weight loss.
4. **Complications**:
- Cardiovascular issues (heart disease, stroke).
- Kidney disease (nephropathy).
- Vision problems (retinopathy).
- Nerve damage (neuropathy).
5. **Prevention and Management**:
- Maintain a healthy weight.
- Regular physical activity.
- Balanced diet.
- Regular check-ups and monitoring.
Remember to consult a healthcare professional for personalized advice and management if you suspect you have diabetes or are at risk.
Diabetes Mellitus
This document summarizes diabetes mellitus (DM), including the four main types, symptoms, diagnosis, risk factors, complications, prevention, and treatment. There are four main types of DM: type 1 DM results from autoimmune destruction of beta cells and requires insulin treatment; type 2 DM involves insulin resistance and may be treated with oral medications or insulin; gestational DM occurs during pregnancy; and other specific DM is due to endocrinopathies. DM is diagnosed through blood tests such as fasting blood glucose, oral glucose tolerance test, and random blood glucose. Risk factors include family history, aging, diet, and physical inactivity. Complications encompass issues like heart disease, stroke, and kidney disease. Prevention focuses on early
Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic condition characterized by high blood glucose levels due to either insufficient insulin production or resistance to insulin. There are four main types of diabetes: type 1 caused by autoimmune destruction of beta cells; type 2 associated with insulin resistance; gestational occurring during pregnancy; and other specific types related to other diseases. Diagnosis involves tests of fasting blood glucose levels and oral glucose tolerance. Risk factors include family history, aging, diet, and physical inactivity. Treatment focuses on diet, exercise, medication like insulin or oral drugs, and managing complications which can include damage to organs like the eyes, kidneys, and heart.
2023 Diabetes Mellitus.pptx
This document provides information on diabetes mellitus (DM), including definitions, types, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and management. It begins by defining the objectives of the session and introducing the pancreas and pancreatic hormones like insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin. It then defines DM, describes the two main types (type 1 and type 2), and other less common types. Risk factors, clinical features, diagnostic criteria involving blood tests, and potential complications of both short-term and long-term hyperglycemia are outlined. Management of DM focuses on diet, exercise, and medication like insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents.
Diabetes Mellitus.pdf
This document outlines learning outcomes and content for a unit on diabetes mellitus and pituitary disorders. It covers differentiating between type 1 and type 2 diabetes, predisposing factors, clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods, management strategies including diet, exercise and medication, and potential complications such as hypoglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state, and long-term effects on health. The goals are for students to understand diabetes pathophysiology and management.
Diabetes symptoms end causes
If you have diabetes, your body isn’t able to properly process and use glucose from the food you eat. There are different types of diabetes, each with different causes, but they all share the common problem of having too much glucose in your bloodstream. Treatments include medications and/or insulins. Some types of diabetes can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle.
Regulation of blood sugar
This document discusses the regulation of blood sugar levels and diabetes mellitus. It explains that blood glucose is tightly regulated by factors that control glucose entry into and depletion from the bloodstream. In fasting state, glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis maintain blood glucose levels. After eating, insulin helps regulate levels by promoting glucose uptake and storage. Diabetes occurs when this regulation breaks down, and is classified into type 1 (insulin deficiency) and type 2 (insulin resistance). The document outlines symptoms, treatments, and oral manifestations of diabetes.
Approach to Diabetes mellitus.ppt.pptx
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a syndrome of chronic hyperglycaemia is due to one of two mechanisms:
Inadequate production of insulin , or
Inadequate sensitivity of cells to the action of insulin.
It affects more than 220 million people worldwide, and it is estimated that it will affect 440 million by the year 2030
"Diabetes" comes from the Greek word for "siphon", and implies that a lot of urine is made.
The second term,"mellitus" comes from the Latin word, "mel" which means "honey", and was used because the urine was sweet.
• The onset of type 1 diabetes may also be associated with sudden weight loss or nausea, vomiting, or abdominal pains, if DKA has developed.
Diabetes Malitus doctors onlineindia
Diabetes is a chronic disease where the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or the body does not properly use insulin, resulting in high blood sugar. There are three main types of diabetes: type 1 is caused by an autoimmune reaction that destroys insulin-producing cells and requires insulin treatment; type 2 is caused by the body not properly using insulin and may be treated with diet, exercise, oral medication or insulin; gestational diabetes develops during pregnancy and usually resolves after giving birth.
Diabetes type 2
This document provides information about type 2 diabetes mellitus. It defines diabetes as a group of metabolic disorders resulting in hyperglycemia due to defects in insulin secretion or action. Type 2 diabetes is characterized as adult-onset and non-insulin dependent, involving both insulin resistance where insulin does not bind properly to cells and impaired insulin secretion. Symptoms include frequent urination, increased thirst and hunger, weight loss, and vision changes. Without proper management, type 2 diabetes can lead to long-term complications affecting the heart, blood vessels, eyes, kidneys, and nerves.
Diabetes
This document provides an overview of diabetes, including its causes, types, symptoms, testing, treatment, and effects on the body. It notes that diabetes occurs when the body does not produce enough insulin or the cells ignore the insulin, resulting in high blood sugar. The main types of diabetes are type 1, type 2, gestational, and pre-diabetes. Symptoms include frequent urination, thirst, fatigue, and blurred vision. While there is currently no cure for diabetes, it can be controlled through lifestyle changes like diet, exercise, and medication to prevent or reduce complications that can affect organs like the heart, kidneys, eyes, and nerves.
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Chemical Pathology Basic review on Diabetes mellitus and Hypoglycemia .pdf
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Diabetes millatus
- 1. Daibetes Mellitus Presented By Yasin Rahman!
- 3. Definitions •A disease marked by high levels of sugar in blood. OR •A chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent high blood glucose concentration.
- 4. Word Mellitus Meaning •Mellitus A Latin word for" Sweet As Honey"
- 5. Causes: Insulin deficiency or insulin resistance
- 6. INSULIN
- 7. Beta cells of islets of langerhans produce insulin which is needed for to metabolize glucose within the body.
- 8. Cardinal Signs of Diabetes Mellitus
- 9. •Polyuria(abnormally large volume of urine) •Polydispia(excessive thirst) •Polyphagia(excessive hunger)
- 10. Types of Diabetes Mellitus There Are Two Types Of DM, Type 1DM Type 2DM
- 11. Type1DM Definition: Type1DM develops if , the body is unable to produce any insulin..
- 12. Type2 DM Definition: Type2DM develops when body can still make some insulin but not enough or when insulin that is produced does not work properly (known as insulin resistance)
- 13. Prevalance of Type1DM It usually appears before the age of 40 It accounts for between 5- 15% of all diabetic people
- 14. Prevalance of Type2DM It is linked with being over weight It appears over the age of 40 It accounts for between 85- 95% all people with diabetes
- 15. • Genetic • Autoimmune • Childhood ( juvenile) onset • Beta cells depletion • Non-Obese patients • Genetic but different from Type1DM • Not autoimmune • Adult , maturity onset • Insulin may be low but resistance to insulin is main factor • Non-Obese patients Differences Between Type1DM And Type2DM
- 16. Signs And Symptoms Of Type2DM •Slower onset •Increased thirst •Increased urination •Increased apptite •Fatigue •Blured vision •Slow healing infections
- 17. Risk Factors: Family History Obesity Age greater than 45 years Some ethnic groups High BP High cholesterol level Physical inactivity
- 18. Metabolic Complications Hyperglycemia is caused by eating too much sugary food / drinking alcohol ,, not complying with insulin therapy or no exercise ,
- 19. • High blood glucose can lead to Diabetic ketoacidosis/DKA/ Diabetic Coma which is caused by the build up of by products of fat break down known as ketones,
- 20. •Occurs when glucose is not available as a fuel source for the body and fat is used , instead.
- 21. Symptoms Of DKA: •Polyuria •Polydispia •Fatigue •Nausea •Muscular stiffness or aching
- 22. • Mental stupor( decreased consciousness) may progress to Coma • Rapid breathing • Fruity breath • Headache • Decreased BP • Decreased appetite • Abdominal pain
- 23. Diabetic Complications Diabetes can cause vascular system complications,,, which are of two types
- 26. Microvascular Complications •Diabetic nephropathy(leads to chronic kidney failure) •Diabetic retinopathy •Diabetic neuropathy (loss of sensation in toes, numbness)
- 27. Thanks