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Developing your research skills
- 1. Developing your researchskills MGT1110 Samantha Halford Librarian for Business & Management and Marketing & Enterprise http://libguides.mdx.ac.uk/content.php?hs=a&pid=50168 [email_address]
- 2. Aims To enableyou to carry out effective research by discussing your information need identifying appropriate resources to find the information you need illustrating search techniques demonstrating library catalogue and specialist electronic resources (databases) considering the importance of evaluation discussing bibliography and referencing
- 3. Outcomes You willbe able to – identify your information need recognise appropriate information sources know which sources to use for which purposes access and search library catalogue and electronic resources evaluate materials found know where to find guidance on referencing and bibliography
- 4. Definitions Athens: the system used to give you access to high-quality online resources that we have bought for you to use. Username and password is the same as for the computer network. Books: textbooks give an overview of a general topic academic books give an in-depth view of a specific subject Journals: Short, academic ‘magazines’ that come out regularly. Contain articles that discuss current research in very specific areas. Organised by date, volume and issue number, even when the journal is online. Databases: Large collections of many journals containing many more articles. Different databases cover different subjects. They all work slightly differently, but all have a search box so you can look for articles about the topic you are interested in.
- 5. Overview of LRWeb Pages Library Menu and Subject Guides
- 6. Step 1: Whatdo you need to know? Brainstorming Before you start your research – Think about the question/topic Pick out the main concepts/keywords and make a list Now think of synonyms, other related terms and alternative spellings Use these terms to search library catalogue and electronic resources Think about the question/subject
- 7. Example of anEssay Title ‘ What do you understand by the term 'motivation’? Discuss the role which motivation has in team performance.’
- 8. Keywords and AlternativeKeywords Workplace Organis/zation Company/ies Corporate culture Organis/zational culture Staff Worker/s Personnel Employee/s Employer/s Performance Satisfaction Motivation Well-being Commitment Enrichment Incentive/s Reward Effectiveness Productivity Turnover Absentee/ism Job security
- 9. Step 2 SearchTechniques Connectors Indicate relationships between keywords AND - narrows a search database searches for documents containing both keywords OR - widens a search database searches for documents containing either keyword NOT - narrows a search database excludes documents containing specified keyword
- 10. Search Techniques Phrase Search Some database require you to use inverted commas (speech marks) “ “ Others, eg Emerald, require you tick the ‘exact phrase’ box Check database’s Help tips for method
- 11. Search Techniques TruncationTells computer to do a single search for a group of words all starting the same way E.g. a search for manage* will find... manage(s) manager(s) managerial management
- 12. Search Techniques Wildcards Perform a search for unknown characters or multiple spellings, eg in Business Source Complete – A search for organi?ation will find … organisation and organization Truncation and Wildcards may be combined A search for organi?ation* will find … organis/zation organis/zations organis/zational
- 13. Step 3 Where to look First of all – do use the books and journal articles on your reading list – this is a must When looking for books, search the library catalogue. Books give a general/broad overview of your topic and are not usually as up-to-date as journals articles For more up-to-date and specific information browse printed or online journals or search the databases by topic
- 14. Learning Resources HomePage Select Library Catalogue from the Library Menu
- 15. Searching the LibraryCatalogue You can use A – Z or keyword options Use some of your search terms to search the catalogue for books on the topic, eg employee performance Your account to renew and request books – logon is your student number and your date of birth DDMMYY
- 16. Searching Databases Startat LR homepage http://www.lr.mdx.ac.uk/ Select Electronic Resources
- 17.
- 18. Click on theB and scroll down to Business Source Complete
- 19. Select Business SourceComplete from drop down list Off campus On campus
- 20.
- 21. Off campus youwill need to go to the Mdx Athens login page
- 22. Before logging onset the cookie
- 23. B Type inkeywords from list you made earlier Click on full text and limit by date if you wish Click on Search
- 24. Example of PersistentLink for electronic journal article in BSC Click on Journal title in Results List and scroll down to persistent link and copy and paste it into your reference list NB This could be called Document url in other databases
- 25. Searching for journalarticles when you have the reference Liu, W., Guthrie, J., Flood, P., & MacCurtain, S. (2009) ‘Unions and the adoption of high performance work systems: does employment security play a role ’. Industrial and labor relations review, 63 (1), 109-127. See next slide & handout for step-by-step instructions for finding article
- 26. Follow the stepsbelow to find article Search library catalogue – change the drop down menu to ‘Journal keyword’ and type in the title of the journal : Industrial & Labor Relations Review. When you’ve found it in the results, click on the title. There’s a section with several links that say ‘Middlesex University users click here’. Click on the one that says ‘Full text available from Business Source Complete’. If you are using a non-Middlesex Computer you will now have to log in to Athens using your computer network username and password. See http://www.lr.mdx.ac.uk/helpsheets/getting_started/athens.pdf for help. On logon page click on Middlesex University link If you don’t see this you will have to do the next 3 steps instead – Select alternative logon On Organisations page click on Middlesex University (or if you don’t see this, scroll down to Universities and click on the + sign) Click on Middlesex university link When you’ve logged in, you’re taken to the Business Source Complete page for the journal. On the right hand side, find the correct year, and click on it. The year will expand to show the volumes and issues for that year: click on the one you’re looking for. Then scroll down until you see the article. Click on pdf to see the full article.
- 27. Searching other databasesThere is a wide selection of databases to search. Some useful ones: Emerald Ingenta Business Source Complete Proquest Newsstand (for newspapers), Find them by clicking ‘databases’ for the list A-Z list.
- 28. Step 4: EvaluationLook at the articles, books etc you have found and evaluate their usefulness. Are they: Relevant? Current? Authoritative? Biased? Do they answer the question or provide background information? Remember – not all information found on the Web is reliable and it may change or disappear altogether
- 29. Evaluation Intute The Intute: Virtual Training Suite provides free Internet tutorials to help you learn how to get the best from the Web for your education and research – http://www.vts.intute.ac.uk/tutorial/business/
- 30. Step 5: Referencing,Citation and Bibliography For guidelines on referencing, citation and creating bibliographies see the guide - Referencing and Citation Style: Health and Social Sciences http://www.lr.mdx.ac.uk/helpsheets/study_skills/hss.pdf Print and keep this document for future use – follow the examples Or use Refworks for an online bibliographic management system - it has a helpful tutorial Find it on the A-Z list of databases http://www.lr.mdx.ac.uk/lib/eresources/atozdbases.htm
- 31. Accessing Other LibrariesSconul Access http://www.access.sconul.ac.uk Apply for a card at the library enquiry desk
- 32. Library Tour PodcastLinks on LR home page To download a guided tour of the library see http://www.lr.mdx.ac.uk/podcasts/index.htm For induction slideshows see http://www.lr.mdx.ac.uk/lr-presentations.htm
- 33. Summary of StepsWhat do yo need to know – brainstorming Search techniques Where to look?/ Finding information Evaluation Referencing, citation and bibliography
- 34. And finally Douse the Business & Management Subject Guide, which provides all the information and links you need to find resources (link on LR home page or below) http://libguides.mdx.ac.uk/ For help with passwords contact the Web Helpdesk 9 – 5 Monday to Friday. http://webhelpdesk.mdx.ac.uk/ For other help come to the IT and library enquiry desks to speak to an IT adviser or subject librarian
Editor's Notes
- #2 Have MUCC logged on for passwords https://mucc.mdx.ac.uk Webhelpdesk Hlpdesk6 HANDS ON As they come in ask them WHILE WAITING to LOG ON AND HAVE 24-7 PAGE OPEN. Tell them to switch off monitor till needed (otherwise they get into other things and miss what you are saying at the beginning!) Introductions & Welcome... explain this will help them find the information to write better essays and will be useful throughout their studies We will be using one of their assigned essay titles to illustrate the points The following will be displayed on Oasis Plus – The slides
- #6 Show main parts of LR home and podcasts and Libguides and Web helpdesk Also Libguides and Electronic Resources links – look at later
- #8 WE AREJUST USING THIS AS AN EXAMPLE OF HOW TO SEARCH BSC. THEY CAN USE THE SAME PRINCIPLES FOR ANY TOPIC. Essay title taken as an example from an old exam paper in a different module. Get them to call out keywords and alternatives Next slide has keywords lists as below – you can show them after they have made their suggestions – Workplace Organis/zation Company/ies Corporate culture Organis/zational culture Staff Worker/s Personnel Employee/s Employer/s Satisfaction Motivation Commitment Enrichment Incentive/s Reward Performance Effectiveness Productivity Turnover Absentee/ism Job security
- #9 Tell them they will need to combine terms to carry out their searches, using different combinations according to what results they get.
- #10 The most common technique used when searching electronic resources is the use of connectors (also called Boolean operators). You may already be familiar with these from searching the Web or from maths set theory. Connectors are used to express relationships between words – illustrate these 3 with examples such as those below or your own egs AND - like minus; it narrows your search by asking the computer only for articles that combine the two concepts together - EG Microsoft AND marketing OR - like plus; it broadens your search; tells the computer you’re not fussy whether it gives you information on either this or that so will look for articles containing both - EG ethics OR antitrust NOT – be careful when using this one as it can exclude info that might be useful. EG ethics NOT antitrust - This will not find articles with ‘antitrust’ in, so will not find articles which have both terms, so you will lose some info
- #11 Databases can use different methods or symbols for searching, so if necessary Check their Help Tips Some require you to put phrases in “ “ Some databases (eg Emerald) may give you a box to tick if you want to search for an exact phrase
- #12 Truncation is also a very useful and popular technique. To truncate a word you replace part of it with a symbol. This tells the computer to search for all words containing that particular stem. (Refer to example on slide. Point out that where you cut the stem off in significant…e.g. this example will not search for ‘managing’) – you’d have to put * after ‘g’ Different computer systems use different symbols. e.g. *, ?, $, # A system’s HELP screen will tell you what symbol it supports
- #15 HANDS ON Esc from presentation and go to 24-7 page Get them to start at 24-7 and go through 2 links to LR home (under academic services) Now tell them to click on link to Lib catalogue. Point out A-z and KW search options, including Journal a-z and kw. Mention briefy re requesting and renewing books Could also show (not hands on) how to request here , using your own logon to do it. (Don’t forget to cancel request) Get them to do reading list KW for HRm1110 . Select Colquitt Organizational behavior (others may still be on order!) to show and explain bib ref, Mod code, holdings. )
- #16 HANDS ON FROM NEXT SLIDE First mention that catalogue will give details of books, reports, conference proceedings, journals et – but only journal titles not full articles. They will need to find printed journals in journals wing by title OR, for most of theirs, online (shown on slide 15)
- #17 Now we will show how to access databases from ER list S 18 – 25 are screenshots which you can go through if not doing hands on with them or live demo to them.
- #18 At this point show all options incl EJS Athens etc Then show databases link
- #19 Click on B and scroll down to BSC – our biggest BUS database – many FT (but not all) If you like you can show them the Business option on the drop down list above main A-Z list iand say it gives all the BUS databases
- #20 Select whichever you need – ie Athens from off campus Show Athens
- #24 If time could do hands on to wake them up! Point out the very basic search above Type “job satisfactio”n and “employee performanc”’ and limit to FT and Jan 2000 – Oct 2009 – c 36 results Pick an article and demo persistent link – click on Journal title in results list and scroll down to where it says Persistent link – tell them to copy and paste it into their references/bibliography I have included a final slide with example
- #25 Show them an example on BSC (Do search for flexible working and hours FT from 2000 or the topic of this presentation)
- #26 If we use this slide point out parts of journal ref. HANDS ON if you feel comfy. Get them to do Journal a-z search for above article from Psychological Bulletin – this is one of the refs in handbook.( Next slides lists detailed steps, also shown below) Search library catalogue – Journal a-z search for Psychological Bulletin Click on title Click on Middlesex link to Ovid Login to Athens – top of page On logon page click on Middlesex University link If you don’t see this you will have to do the next 3 steps instead – Select alternative logon On Organisations page click on Middlesex University (or if you don’t see this, scroll down to Universities and click on the + sign) Click on Middlesex university link NB Click link at top to set cookie before logging on Athens When pop up closes logon (logon is same as IT logon) On Ovid page scroll down on left to 1998 and click on + sign Click on volume 142 issue 2 Then scroll down centre list to page 240 and click on pdf for full text of article NB Click okay if you get popups asking you to accept terms To return to presentation minimise page and clic on this icon T o return to presentation minimise Ovid page and click on Slide show tab at top of screen then on this icon at top to start where you left off k
- #28 At this remind them of the list of databases shown earlier to find BSC and point tell them you will show HRM subject guide at end – demo not hands on – if time f
- #29 Information that is not current, especially statistics, medical info., laws, may affect the credibility of your work . Authoritative - the type of resource you use will determine the extent to which you need to be critical. The Library databases are considered good authorities (academic articles by experts in field) You may find information that mentions the keywords but is not relevant to the question eg whistleblowing and football Bias Who wrote the article, where is it published? Have they got a particular viewpoint or do they represent a particular group? Eg cf Socialist Worker (workers viewpoint, anti-capitalism etc) If you have found an abstract - is there a full text copy available in the Library - do you have time to obtain it from elsewhere? Note:( If not previously mentioned ) that it’s especially important to be critical of information when using the Internet. No controls over who produces information - everyone is an author on the Net and anyone can publish anything! No controls over currency and permanence (Internet is not static like printed info. sources). Make sure you note all details of website or better, print off page. But – good eg is Intute –see next slide
- #30 This leads to the Intute online training tutorial re how to access web resources on a variety of subjects. You can choose your subject, eg Business Manager and follow the tutorial. It includes – Best web resources for business managers How to search the internet effectively How to evaluate websites Examples of how people used the internet to help them in their business Can also point out it’s linked to from HRM Subject guide – Under Literature searching sub tab Searching the Internet
- #31 Whenever you do an essay or other assignment you need to complete a refernce list, ie a list of all the books, journal articles etc from which you have quoted. It is useful to make a note of these as you go along so that you don’t forget where you found your information. NB if you are using a web page print it off – it may have changed or disappeared by the time you do your bibliography and you will have lost the details Mention Plagiarism here if you haven’t already done so. There are specific rules for doing this. Bullet 1 Referencing and Citation Style: Health and Social Sciences Tell them this gives you all the instructions you need for compiling a bibliography and for quoting from documents. Print it out for your future reference and to use when writing the essay. Write it down – all relevant details – au,ti, jl.ti etc. Bullet 2 As on slide BUT SEBASTIAN USES THE GUIDE
- #32 Sconul access card Most of you won’t need this facility, but Useful if spend hols away from mdx and near another uni. NB reference only – no borrowing or use of computers Need SCONUL and MDX access card to visit other libraries It’s free!
- #35 At this point do live demo of HRM or B&M subject guide – just point out key features – tabs etc.