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Methodology
Introduction
Hypothesis
Objectives
Expected Results
.
References
Conclusions
Photo or graphic caption
Towards Developing Better Methods
of Cross-Reactive Influenza Vaccine Production
Michael Bodanza (CM) & Ryan Bowe (CM)
Advisor: Professor Susan C. Roberts (CM)
Vaccines combatting the influenza virus
struggle to keep pace with the virus’
rapid mutation rate, leading to widely
ineffective vaccines. This problem is
compounded by the lengthy timescale
of current development methods
Selection of Strain Testing
Production
and
shipping
Large Scale
Vaccination
Jan ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ May Jun ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ Jul Aug ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ Sep Oct ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ Dec
Using chimeric Virus Like
Particles (VLPs) the production
rate and reliability of influenza
vaccines could improve
dramatically with the insertion of
the conserved 55 amino acid-
long alpha helix (LAH)
HA M1
HA/M1 VLPs
• Has a reduced production
time frame
• Has high efficacy
percentages
• Has the ability to be used
across multiple strains of
influenza
1. To Create a Vaccine that:
2. To create a genetically
modified tobacco plant that
can produce influenza VLPs
Create a GM Tobacco using
HA/M1 gene likely utilizing
Agrobacterium tumefaciens as a
vector
Produce VLPs corresponding to
the target influenza strain
Insert LAH protein with tandem
core technology
Inject vaccine into mice and
ferrets and expose to influenzas
A, B, and C to test for
effectiveness and broadness
Other experiments utilizing similar
technology and methods saw
promising results:
• H1N1 VLP Production saw over
10 million doses of the vaccine
made in 1 month
• A specific H7 vaccine saw
100% effectiveness against
H7N9 influenza A
• Utilization of LAH has shown
strong cross-protections
against multiple influenza
strains
Ideally, this new method could
help prevent the severity of
pandemics by allowing for
broad, effective, and quickly
produced vaccines.
This can also give
insight into further
use of plants as
sources of vaccines
combatting viruses
“Influenza (Flu).” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 5 Oct. 2017,
www.cdc.gov/flu/about/index.html.
Pillet, S., et al. “Plant-Derived H7 VLP vaccine elicits protective immune response against H7N9 influenza virus in mice and ferrets.” Vaccine,
vol. 33, no. 46, 2015, pp. 6282–6289., doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.09.065.
Globalbiodefense. Avaialble from: https://globalbiodefense.com/2012/07/28/darpa-program-hits-
milestone-in-plant-based-vaccines-for-pandemics/
Kazaks, A., et al. "Production and purification of chimeric HBc virus-like particles carrying influenza virus LAH domain as vaccine candidates."
BMC Biotechnology, vol. 17, no. 1, 2017. Science in Context,
Dybdal, S. “Plant based vaccines are medicine of the future.” Sciencenordic.com,
“Seasonal Flu Vaccine Effectiveness.” Center for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC, 15 Feb. 2018,
www.cdc.gov/flu/images/professionals/vaccination/seasonal-flu-vaccine-effeciveness.jpg.
Lowy, Douglas R. “Assembly of L1 VLP vs. Assembly of Authentic Virus.” The Journal of Clinical Investigation, JCI, 4 Jan. 2016,
dm5migu4zj3pb.cloudfront.net/manuscripts/85000/85446/medium/JCI85446.f1.jpg.
Bedford, Trevor. “Phylogenetic Trees of Different Influenza Lineages.” Bedford Labs, Harvard School of Public Health, 3 Mar. 2016,
bedford.io/images/talks/flu_trees.png.
Yang, Ming, et al. “Expression of HBcAg-ZDIII in N. Benthamiana Plants.” Scientific Reports, Nature, 17 May 2017,
media.springernature.com/m685/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41598-017-08247-
9/MediaObjects/41598_2017_8247_Fig1_HTML.jpg.
Naik, Gautam. “Making Vaccines from Plants.” Wall Street Journal, 24 Feb. 2010, si.wsj.net/public/resources/images/NA-
BE526C_PLANT_NS_20100223211027.gif.
Pniewski, Tomasz. “Potential Plant-Derived Parenteral and Oral Vaccines for Immunization.”International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Institute of Plant Genetics, 17 Dec. 2012, www.mdpi.com/ijms/ijms-14-01978/article_deploy/html/images/ijms-14-01978-s001.png.
Yellow: surface
antigen
Blue: Core
protein
Red: viral DNA

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Developing Better Methods of Cross-Reactive Influenza Vaccine Production

  • 1. Methodology Introduction Hypothesis Objectives Expected Results . References Conclusions Photo or graphic caption Towards Developing Better Methods of Cross-Reactive Influenza Vaccine Production Michael Bodanza (CM) & Ryan Bowe (CM) Advisor: Professor Susan C. Roberts (CM) Vaccines combatting the influenza virus struggle to keep pace with the virus’ rapid mutation rate, leading to widely ineffective vaccines. This problem is compounded by the lengthy timescale of current development methods Selection of Strain Testing Production and shipping Large Scale Vaccination Jan ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ May Jun ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ Jul Aug ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ Sep Oct ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ ̶ Dec Using chimeric Virus Like Particles (VLPs) the production rate and reliability of influenza vaccines could improve dramatically with the insertion of the conserved 55 amino acid- long alpha helix (LAH) HA M1 HA/M1 VLPs • Has a reduced production time frame • Has high efficacy percentages • Has the ability to be used across multiple strains of influenza 1. To Create a Vaccine that: 2. To create a genetically modified tobacco plant that can produce influenza VLPs Create a GM Tobacco using HA/M1 gene likely utilizing Agrobacterium tumefaciens as a vector Produce VLPs corresponding to the target influenza strain Insert LAH protein with tandem core technology Inject vaccine into mice and ferrets and expose to influenzas A, B, and C to test for effectiveness and broadness Other experiments utilizing similar technology and methods saw promising results: • H1N1 VLP Production saw over 10 million doses of the vaccine made in 1 month • A specific H7 vaccine saw 100% effectiveness against H7N9 influenza A • Utilization of LAH has shown strong cross-protections against multiple influenza strains Ideally, this new method could help prevent the severity of pandemics by allowing for broad, effective, and quickly produced vaccines. This can also give insight into further use of plants as sources of vaccines combatting viruses “Influenza (Flu).” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 5 Oct. 2017, www.cdc.gov/flu/about/index.html. Pillet, S., et al. “Plant-Derived H7 VLP vaccine elicits protective immune response against H7N9 influenza virus in mice and ferrets.” Vaccine, vol. 33, no. 46, 2015, pp. 6282–6289., doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.09.065. Globalbiodefense. Avaialble from: https://globalbiodefense.com/2012/07/28/darpa-program-hits- milestone-in-plant-based-vaccines-for-pandemics/ Kazaks, A., et al. "Production and purification of chimeric HBc virus-like particles carrying influenza virus LAH domain as vaccine candidates." BMC Biotechnology, vol. 17, no. 1, 2017. Science in Context, Dybdal, S. “Plant based vaccines are medicine of the future.” Sciencenordic.com, “Seasonal Flu Vaccine Effectiveness.” Center for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC, 15 Feb. 2018, www.cdc.gov/flu/images/professionals/vaccination/seasonal-flu-vaccine-effeciveness.jpg. Lowy, Douglas R. “Assembly of L1 VLP vs. Assembly of Authentic Virus.” The Journal of Clinical Investigation, JCI, 4 Jan. 2016, dm5migu4zj3pb.cloudfront.net/manuscripts/85000/85446/medium/JCI85446.f1.jpg. Bedford, Trevor. “Phylogenetic Trees of Different Influenza Lineages.” Bedford Labs, Harvard School of Public Health, 3 Mar. 2016, bedford.io/images/talks/flu_trees.png. Yang, Ming, et al. “Expression of HBcAg-ZDIII in N. Benthamiana Plants.” Scientific Reports, Nature, 17 May 2017, media.springernature.com/m685/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41598-017-08247- 9/MediaObjects/41598_2017_8247_Fig1_HTML.jpg. Naik, Gautam. “Making Vaccines from Plants.” Wall Street Journal, 24 Feb. 2010, si.wsj.net/public/resources/images/NA- BE526C_PLANT_NS_20100223211027.gif. Pniewski, Tomasz. “Potential Plant-Derived Parenteral and Oral Vaccines for Immunization.”International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Institute of Plant Genetics, 17 Dec. 2012, www.mdpi.com/ijms/ijms-14-01978/article_deploy/html/images/ijms-14-01978-s001.png. Yellow: surface antigen Blue: Core protein Red: viral DNA