This document discusses key success factors for developing an effective strategic heating/cooling plan. It identifies three main factors: 1) defining the scope and purpose by identifying stakeholders and drivers, 2) developing technical scenarios by quantifying demands, resources, and savings potentials, and establishing supply scenarios, and 3) evaluating framework conditions like ownership, financing, pricing and regulation. It provides examples of how to approach each factor, including identifying relevant stakeholders, balancing demands and supplies in scenarios, and overcoming barriers to investment. The document concludes by emphasizing strategic planning is an iterative process and provides further resources on heating and cooling planning.
Professor Brian Vad Mathiesen, Aalborg University
Workshop: Integrating low-temperature renewable energy sources in District Energy Systems: Focus on Belarus
IRENA - The International Renewable Energy Agency, February 3rd, 2021
Presentation by Nis Bertelsen at IRENA event "Integration of Low-Temperature Renewable Energy Sources into District Heating and Cooling Systems" in Belgrade 05-06 Dec 2019.
Susana Paardekooper, PhD Fellow, Aalborg University
Workshop: Integrating low-temperature renewable energy sources in District Energy Systems: Focus on Belarus
IRENA - The International Renewable Energy Agency, February 4th, 2021
Jordi Macià, EURECAT Technology Centre of Catalonia, Barcelona, SpainARC research group
This document presents a novel methodology for optimizing building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) installations. The methodology uses optimization algorithms to determine the optimal PV panel technologies, sizing, orientation, and other parameters to meet energy demand at minimum cost. It involves forecasting building energy demand, simulating PV panel performance under different conditions, maintaining a database of PV technologies and costs, and using genetic algorithms to iteratively optimize the design. The methodology is intended to provide an easy to use tool for designers, installers and other professionals to cost-effectively design BIPV installations.
Second Stakeholder Event for the Revision of Directive (REDII) 2018/2001
Session 2 Renewable energy in Heating and Cooling, Buildings and District Heating
Professor Brian Vad Mathiesen, Aalborg University
March 22, 2021, Brussels - Online
Patrik Kolar, Head of Department B (LIFE and Horizon 2020 Energy, Environment...ARC research group
This document discusses the EU's support for improving building energy performance assessment and certification. It provides context on the Clean Energy for All Europeans package and its goals to create jobs, cut emissions, and ensure energy security. It outlines the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive and related policies. It describes the European Commission's Executive Agency for SMEs and its management of energy efficiency programs under Horizon 2020. It highlights several projects that develop innovative approaches to building renovation. It discusses upcoming Horizon 2020 funding topics focused on developing the next generation of energy performance assessment and certification to make the processes more reliable, cost-effective, and compliant with standards.
Professor Brian Vad Mathiesen, Aalborg University
Workshop: Integrating low-temperature renewable energy sources in District Energy Systems: Focus on Belarus
IRENA - The International Renewable Energy Agency, February 3rd, 2021
Presentation by Nis Bertelsen at IRENA event "Integration of Low-Temperature Renewable Energy Sources into District Heating and Cooling Systems" in Belgrade 05-06 Dec 2019.
Susana Paardekooper, PhD Fellow, Aalborg University
Workshop: Integrating low-temperature renewable energy sources in District Energy Systems: Focus on Belarus
IRENA - The International Renewable Energy Agency, February 4th, 2021
Jordi Macià, EURECAT Technology Centre of Catalonia, Barcelona, SpainARC research group
This document presents a novel methodology for optimizing building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) installations. The methodology uses optimization algorithms to determine the optimal PV panel technologies, sizing, orientation, and other parameters to meet energy demand at minimum cost. It involves forecasting building energy demand, simulating PV panel performance under different conditions, maintaining a database of PV technologies and costs, and using genetic algorithms to iteratively optimize the design. The methodology is intended to provide an easy to use tool for designers, installers and other professionals to cost-effectively design BIPV installations.
Second Stakeholder Event for the Revision of Directive (REDII) 2018/2001
Session 2 Renewable energy in Heating and Cooling, Buildings and District Heating
Professor Brian Vad Mathiesen, Aalborg University
March 22, 2021, Brussels - Online
Patrik Kolar, Head of Department B (LIFE and Horizon 2020 Energy, Environment...ARC research group
This document discusses the EU's support for improving building energy performance assessment and certification. It provides context on the Clean Energy for All Europeans package and its goals to create jobs, cut emissions, and ensure energy security. It outlines the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive and related policies. It describes the European Commission's Executive Agency for SMEs and its management of energy efficiency programs under Horizon 2020. It highlights several projects that develop innovative approaches to building renovation. It discusses upcoming Horizon 2020 funding topics focused on developing the next generation of energy performance assessment and certification to make the processes more reliable, cost-effective, and compliant with standards.
Modelling Circular Economy in TIMES
Dr. Sofia G. Simoes LNEG - Laboratory for Energy and Geology, P. Fortes, CENSE | NOVA School of
Science and Technology
David Weatherall, Head of Policy at the Energy Saving Trust, UK.ARC research group
Keynote, Session 3
“Using data to build the market for low carbon renovation in buildings: the evolving data-driven services of energy agencies in providing publicly-funded advice on energetic renovation of buildings”
District heating potential in the Italian NECP: assessment through a new resi...IEA-ETSAP
District heating potential in the Italian NECP: assessment through a new residential model in TIMES-RSE
Ms. Corine Nsangwe Businge, RSE - Ricerca sul Sistema Energetico
This document summarizes a solar thermal district heating project in Freiburg-Gutleutmatten, Germany. The project involves installing decentralized solar thermal collectors and storage on 38 buildings to provide summer heat demand. A biogas-fired CHP plant and gas boilers provide backup heating through a district heating network. Project partners include the City of Freiburg, Fraunhofer Institute, and badenovaWÄRMEPLUS GmbH, which built and operates the system. The decentralized solar thermal is expected to meet over 25% of annual heat demand and allow shutdown of the district heating network in summer months.
Maria Marques, FCT/UNL & UNINOVA-CTS, Lisbon, Portugal.ARC research group
This document summarizes a presentation about building energy flexibility and interaction with the electric grid. It discusses how nearly zero energy buildings can provide flexibility to help integrate renewable energy. The presentation defines energy flexibility as a building's ability to manage demand and generation based on local conditions and grid needs. It also discusses methods to quantify flexibility and the potential to improve grid interaction by coordinating flexibility at the community level. The presentation concludes that flexibility is a tool to help renewable energy penetration and depends on many dynamic factors.
Jure Čižman, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia.ARC research group
The document discusses the ENERFUND rating tool, which scores and maps opportunities for deep energy renovations of buildings. It was developed to address gaps between public expectations, trustworthy retrofit opportunities, and available funding. The tool uses energy performance certificate and other building data to provide ratings and identify sound business opportunities for retrofit companies, funding opportunities for institutions, and priorities for policymakers and municipalities. While energy performance data availability varies greatly between countries, the ENERFUND tool demonstrates the potential of open data to promote ambitious energy renovation targets.
The document discusses Granollers' plans to develop low-carbon heating and cooling networks through the Eco Congost project. It aims to reduce fossil energy consumption in the city's industrial parks by generating energy from renewable sources like biogas and distributing steam and hot water through a district heating system. The city has collected data on energy sources, demand, and infrastructure to help model and plan the optimal heating network configuration through the EU-funded THERMOS project.
Utilization of excess heat for district heating in the future Danish energy s...IEA-ETSAP
The document summarizes research on utilizing excess heat from industry for district heating in Denmark's future energy system. It describes a TIMES-DK energy system model that analyzes scenarios where 50% of electricity comes from wind by 2020/2035 and the energy system is fossil fuel free by 2050/2035. The model endogenously allocates industrial excess heat for district heating. Results show excess heat supplying 5-20% of district heating, with 70-80% coming from high temperatures. Sensitivity analysis examines impacts of varying excess heat potentials and costs. Future work includes analyzing competing technology costs and an appropriate socio-economic value for excess heat.
Working with TIMES and Monte Carlo in a Policy SettingIEA-ETSAP
This document discusses using uncertainty analysis in the IntERACT model, which combines the TIMES and CGE models. It describes implementing uncertainty in key parameters through Monte Carlo simulations in R. The document also provides an example of how uncertainty analysis can be used to evaluate the impact of reducing electricity taxes on adoption of heat pumps under different cost and price scenarios. Results are preliminary but show the flexibility of using R for sensitivity analysis on TIMES.
Virtual Power Plant in a settlement in Cologne_Rhein EnergiGrowSmarter
This document summarizes a virtual power plant project in Cologne, Germany called the Stegerwaldsiedlung settlement. The project involves installing photovoltaic panels, heat pumps, battery storage, and connecting buildings to district heating from a nearby power plant. An energy management system called Siedlungsmanagement optimizes local energy production and consumption. It forecasts energy use using self-learning algorithms and sends schedules to individual buildings. The project aims to minimize grid usage, fossil fuel use, and energy feed-in to the grid. Progress is measured using key performance indicators related to renewable energy production and reduced emissions.
This document outlines a vision for the future development of district heating and cooling in Europe from 2020 to 2050. It envisions district heating and cooling networks providing an increasing share of Europe's energy needs and transitioning to lower carbon and fully carbon neutral solutions over time. By 2020, the vision forecasts district heating avoiding 9.3% of European CO2 emissions and district cooling providing additional 40-50 million tonnes of annual reductions. By 2030, 25% of district heating could come from renewable sources. By 2050, fully carbon neutral regional networks integrating multiple low carbon energy sources could be realized.
The sEEnergies project aims to operationalize the energy efficiency first principle (EEFP) both qualitatively and quantitatively. It will develop a decision support tool combining sector-specific energy demand models to analyze EE potentials from an energy systems perspective. Bottom-up models of buildings, transport, industry and grids will provide cost curves and potentials for EE measures. Scenarios from the EU's "A Clean Planet for All" will be used as common references. Energy system modelling will assess EEFP impacts and enable scenarios assessing synergies. A spatial model will map supply and demand and efficiency potentials. Heat Roadmap Europe provides recommendations including prioritizing savings over supply, utilizing excess heat and renewable energy in district heating, and establishing
Boris Sučić, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia.ARC research group
Presentation 1 Session 1
“How to close the gap between calculated and actual energy consumption of building – re-commissioning instead of certification?”
REMOURBAN Information package n2 - Optimisation of existing District Heating...REMOURBAN
The aim of this info-package is to gather different possibilities for the optimisation of a DH&C in an overall approach, not only with the purpose of improving its performance, but also to obtain environmental benefits, due to the arising awareness in nowadays society towards energy and greenhouse gases emissions reduction.
This document summarizes a webinar for two studies on energy efficiency and carbon savings potential in Minnesota. The demand-side study will estimate potential savings from energy efficiency programs for 2020-2029, identifying cost-effective measures and sectors to target. The supply-side study will estimate potential savings from improving utility infrastructure efficiency, including generation and transmission/distribution systems. Both studies will involve collecting data, modeling savings potential at different levels, and providing policy recommendations to help Minnesota achieve its energy goals. Stakeholder input will be gathered through interviews, meetings, and an advisory committee to guide the studies.
This document outlines 10 potential programme of activities (PoAs) that could generate certified emission reductions under the clean development mechanism. It describes each PoA opportunity, including barriers and key considerations for developing the PoA. The 10 PoA opportunities covered are: improved cooking stoves, efficient lighting with CFL bulbs, domestic biogas, small hydropower, solid waste management, solar lanterns, household solar PV, biomass from agricultural residues, sustainable charcoal production, and biofuels. For each opportunity, the document discusses relevant baseline and monitoring methodologies and important initiatives to facilitate a successful PoA project.
Modelling Circular Economy in TIMES
Dr. Sofia G. Simoes LNEG - Laboratory for Energy and Geology, P. Fortes, CENSE | NOVA School of
Science and Technology
David Weatherall, Head of Policy at the Energy Saving Trust, UK.ARC research group
Keynote, Session 3
“Using data to build the market for low carbon renovation in buildings: the evolving data-driven services of energy agencies in providing publicly-funded advice on energetic renovation of buildings”
District heating potential in the Italian NECP: assessment through a new resi...IEA-ETSAP
District heating potential in the Italian NECP: assessment through a new residential model in TIMES-RSE
Ms. Corine Nsangwe Businge, RSE - Ricerca sul Sistema Energetico
This document summarizes a solar thermal district heating project in Freiburg-Gutleutmatten, Germany. The project involves installing decentralized solar thermal collectors and storage on 38 buildings to provide summer heat demand. A biogas-fired CHP plant and gas boilers provide backup heating through a district heating network. Project partners include the City of Freiburg, Fraunhofer Institute, and badenovaWÄRMEPLUS GmbH, which built and operates the system. The decentralized solar thermal is expected to meet over 25% of annual heat demand and allow shutdown of the district heating network in summer months.
Maria Marques, FCT/UNL & UNINOVA-CTS, Lisbon, Portugal.ARC research group
This document summarizes a presentation about building energy flexibility and interaction with the electric grid. It discusses how nearly zero energy buildings can provide flexibility to help integrate renewable energy. The presentation defines energy flexibility as a building's ability to manage demand and generation based on local conditions and grid needs. It also discusses methods to quantify flexibility and the potential to improve grid interaction by coordinating flexibility at the community level. The presentation concludes that flexibility is a tool to help renewable energy penetration and depends on many dynamic factors.
Jure Čižman, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia.ARC research group
The document discusses the ENERFUND rating tool, which scores and maps opportunities for deep energy renovations of buildings. It was developed to address gaps between public expectations, trustworthy retrofit opportunities, and available funding. The tool uses energy performance certificate and other building data to provide ratings and identify sound business opportunities for retrofit companies, funding opportunities for institutions, and priorities for policymakers and municipalities. While energy performance data availability varies greatly between countries, the ENERFUND tool demonstrates the potential of open data to promote ambitious energy renovation targets.
The document discusses Granollers' plans to develop low-carbon heating and cooling networks through the Eco Congost project. It aims to reduce fossil energy consumption in the city's industrial parks by generating energy from renewable sources like biogas and distributing steam and hot water through a district heating system. The city has collected data on energy sources, demand, and infrastructure to help model and plan the optimal heating network configuration through the EU-funded THERMOS project.
Utilization of excess heat for district heating in the future Danish energy s...IEA-ETSAP
The document summarizes research on utilizing excess heat from industry for district heating in Denmark's future energy system. It describes a TIMES-DK energy system model that analyzes scenarios where 50% of electricity comes from wind by 2020/2035 and the energy system is fossil fuel free by 2050/2035. The model endogenously allocates industrial excess heat for district heating. Results show excess heat supplying 5-20% of district heating, with 70-80% coming from high temperatures. Sensitivity analysis examines impacts of varying excess heat potentials and costs. Future work includes analyzing competing technology costs and an appropriate socio-economic value for excess heat.
Working with TIMES and Monte Carlo in a Policy SettingIEA-ETSAP
This document discusses using uncertainty analysis in the IntERACT model, which combines the TIMES and CGE models. It describes implementing uncertainty in key parameters through Monte Carlo simulations in R. The document also provides an example of how uncertainty analysis can be used to evaluate the impact of reducing electricity taxes on adoption of heat pumps under different cost and price scenarios. Results are preliminary but show the flexibility of using R for sensitivity analysis on TIMES.
Virtual Power Plant in a settlement in Cologne_Rhein EnergiGrowSmarter
This document summarizes a virtual power plant project in Cologne, Germany called the Stegerwaldsiedlung settlement. The project involves installing photovoltaic panels, heat pumps, battery storage, and connecting buildings to district heating from a nearby power plant. An energy management system called Siedlungsmanagement optimizes local energy production and consumption. It forecasts energy use using self-learning algorithms and sends schedules to individual buildings. The project aims to minimize grid usage, fossil fuel use, and energy feed-in to the grid. Progress is measured using key performance indicators related to renewable energy production and reduced emissions.
This document outlines a vision for the future development of district heating and cooling in Europe from 2020 to 2050. It envisions district heating and cooling networks providing an increasing share of Europe's energy needs and transitioning to lower carbon and fully carbon neutral solutions over time. By 2020, the vision forecasts district heating avoiding 9.3% of European CO2 emissions and district cooling providing additional 40-50 million tonnes of annual reductions. By 2030, 25% of district heating could come from renewable sources. By 2050, fully carbon neutral regional networks integrating multiple low carbon energy sources could be realized.
The sEEnergies project aims to operationalize the energy efficiency first principle (EEFP) both qualitatively and quantitatively. It will develop a decision support tool combining sector-specific energy demand models to analyze EE potentials from an energy systems perspective. Bottom-up models of buildings, transport, industry and grids will provide cost curves and potentials for EE measures. Scenarios from the EU's "A Clean Planet for All" will be used as common references. Energy system modelling will assess EEFP impacts and enable scenarios assessing synergies. A spatial model will map supply and demand and efficiency potentials. Heat Roadmap Europe provides recommendations including prioritizing savings over supply, utilizing excess heat and renewable energy in district heating, and establishing
Boris Sučić, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia.ARC research group
Presentation 1 Session 1
“How to close the gap between calculated and actual energy consumption of building – re-commissioning instead of certification?”
REMOURBAN Information package n2 - Optimisation of existing District Heating...REMOURBAN
The aim of this info-package is to gather different possibilities for the optimisation of a DH&C in an overall approach, not only with the purpose of improving its performance, but also to obtain environmental benefits, due to the arising awareness in nowadays society towards energy and greenhouse gases emissions reduction.
This document summarizes a webinar for two studies on energy efficiency and carbon savings potential in Minnesota. The demand-side study will estimate potential savings from energy efficiency programs for 2020-2029, identifying cost-effective measures and sectors to target. The supply-side study will estimate potential savings from improving utility infrastructure efficiency, including generation and transmission/distribution systems. Both studies will involve collecting data, modeling savings potential at different levels, and providing policy recommendations to help Minnesota achieve its energy goals. Stakeholder input will be gathered through interviews, meetings, and an advisory committee to guide the studies.
This document outlines 10 potential programme of activities (PoAs) that could generate certified emission reductions under the clean development mechanism. It describes each PoA opportunity, including barriers and key considerations for developing the PoA. The 10 PoA opportunities covered are: improved cooking stoves, efficient lighting with CFL bulbs, domestic biogas, small hydropower, solid waste management, solar lanterns, household solar PV, biomass from agricultural residues, sustainable charcoal production, and biofuels. For each opportunity, the document discusses relevant baseline and monitoring methodologies and important initiatives to facilitate a successful PoA project.
This document provides guidelines for connecting buildings to district cooling systems. It discusses the fundamentals of district cooling, including cooling sources, distribution systems, and the customer interface known as the energy transfer station (ETS). The ETS uses heat exchangers to connect the building's secondary cooling system indirectly to the district system's primary pipes. Key considerations for ETS design like heat exchanger sizing and controls are covered. The report also provides a step-by-step process for converting existing buildings to district cooling and examines case studies of completed conversions.
This document summarizes the key points of the Heat Networks Code of Practice. It outlines that heat networks have the potential to provide a large proportion of the UK's heating needs by 2050. However, they face challenges such as high costs and risks. The Code of Practice aims to address issues seen in some heat networks by formalizing design standards, specifications and minimum requirements. It covers best practices for efficient system sizing, low losses and temperatures, variable flow control, optimizing heat sources, managing risks and improving the customer experience through all stages from planning to operation. The Code is being adopted in specifications and has received positive initial feedback, with next steps including ongoing evaluation and development of verification processes.
The document summarizes the agenda and key discussion points from a meeting of the East of England Carbon Management Network. The meeting covered updates on the CRC Energy Efficiency Scheme, including proposed simplifications and enforcement. It also discussed developing a carbon management plan for Hertfordshire County Council and opportunities for energy and water procurement and contract management to reduce costs and carbon emissions.
This is a compilation of the overall process in conducting energy audit based on my personal experiences, training that I attended in Malaysia, India and Japan and information sharing between fellow EE practitioners.Not to forget references from books and internet.
I believe this would benefit to those who wants to understand what is energy audit all about for beginners to become energy auditor and to facilities owners to assess the need to conduct energy audit and energy audit proposals submitted by consultants
Metering techniques and practical examplesibrahim2841
Metering energy use is fundamental for energy management. This document discusses metering techniques and provides practical examples. It explains the benefits of accurate metering such as verifying bills and monitoring energy usage. Options for metering electricity, gas, and water are presented, including smart meters, sub-metering, portable meters, and communication methods. Schematics show the relationships between utility providers and consumers.
Assessment of Future Energy Demand, Overview Presentationirgc_risk
This document provides a summary of a report that assesses methods for modeling future energy demand. It finds that current energy demand projections and scenarios often significantly misjudge actual demand. It advocates for more sophisticated modeling approaches that incorporate behavioral factors and uncertainty. Specifically, it recommends (1) linking energy use to economic and social factors, (2) developing behaviorally realistic models, and (3) using robust decision-making approaches given uncertainties in modeling outcomes. The report also provides an overview of different modeling techniques and their appropriate uses based on the time horizon and degree of expected changes.
The document summarizes a project exploring hydrogen barrier coatings for gas network assets to enable the repurposing of existing gas infrastructure for hydrogen transport. Key findings include identifying high priority assets for coating, screening potential barrier coating materials with the most permeation-resistant being metals, and evaluating coating deposition technologies. The next steps proposed are to develop and validate complete coating systems and deposition processes through further testing and trials.
This document provides an overview of a course on energy conservation and management. It outlines the course objectives which are to enable energy accounting and balancing, understand methodologies for energy savings, and utilize resources optimally. The first module will cover the past and present energy scenarios worldwide and in India, national energy consumption data, environmental impacts of energy use, and energy auditing methodology and instruments. It then discusses different energy types, conservation needs, auditing types and methodology in detail. The role of an energy manager is also outlined.
This document discusses different types of energy and provides details about electrical energy audits. It defines primary and secondary energy, as well as commercial and non-commercial energy. Renewable energy sources include solar, wind and hydroelectric power, while non-renewable sources are fossil fuels like coal, oil and gas. The document also explains that energy audits identify opportunities to improve energy efficiency. Preliminary audits provide a quick overview, targeted audits analyze specific areas, and detailed audits follow a three-phase process to assess energy usage and recommend conservation measures.
Industrial energy efficiency techniques and energy management (1)Anish Maman
This document discusses industrial energy efficiency and energy management. It describes why energy efficiency is important due to rising energy prices, energy security, climate change, and green jobs. The main systems that consume energy in industry are identified as HVAC, compressed air, heating/cooling, electrical, lighting, motors, boilers, refrigeration, drying, and waste treatment. Energy management and industrial energy audits are defined as tools to optimize energy usage and identify opportunities to reduce energy consumption and costs. Preliminary and detailed energy audit methodologies are outlined.
Heat in the City | Bruxelles - 10 décembre 2019Cluster TWEED
Le 10 décembre dernier, EDORA et ODE, les fédérations des énergies renouvelables de Wallonie, de Bruxelles et de Flandre, se sont associés au Danish Trade Council et au Danish Board of District Heating, pour apporter des réponses aux défis de la décarbonation des systèmes de chauffage et de la production d’eau chaude sanitaire. Découvrez l'ensemble des présentations de l'événement dès à présent.
Five actions fit for 55: streamlining energy savings calculationsLeonardo ENERGY
During the first year of the H2020 project streamSAVE, multiple activities were organized to support countries in developing savings estimations under Art.3 and Art.7 of the Energy Efficiency Directive (EED).
A fascinating output of the project so far is the “Guidance on Standardized saving methodologies (energy, CO2 and costs)” for a first round of five so-called Priority Actions. This Guidance will assist EU member states in more accurately calculating savings for a set of new energy efficiency actions.
This webinar presents this Guidance and other project findings to the broader community, including industry and markets.
AGENDA
14:00 Introduction to streamSAVE
(Nele Renders, Project Coordinator)
14:10 Views from the EU Commission and the link with Fit-for-55 (Anne-Katherina Weidenbach, DG ENER)
14:20 The streamSAVE guidance and its platform illustrated (Elisabeth Böck, AEA)
14:55 A view from industry: What is the added value of streamSAVE (standardized) methods in frame of the EED (Conor Molloy, AEMS ECOfleet)
14:55 Country experiences: the added value of standardized methods (Elena Allegrini, ENEA, Italy)
The recordings of the webinar can be found on https://youtu.be/eUht10cUK1o
This document provides an overview of green IT, including its historical background, key concepts, current statistics, lifecycle management processes, risks, and the role of auditing. Some key points:
- Green IT aims to reduce the environmental impact of IT through efficient use of resources and environmentally responsible practices across the lifecycle from acquisition to disposal.
- Data centers currently account for 3% of global electricity use and 2% of greenhouse gas emissions. World's data centers consume as much power as 30 nuclear plants.
- Lifecycle management includes green procurement, reducing power consumption during use through optimization and awareness, and proper electronic waste disposal including reuse and recycling.
- Risks include non-compliance with regulations
- The document discusses modeling scenarios for achieving net zero emissions in Europe using tools like RE-INVEST and sEEnergies which model smart energy systems and the supply chain effects of energy efficiency.
- It notes some positives of the tools but also identifies limitations including the tools only modeling 5 year time steps and not fully capturing interactions across sectors or the effects of current investments on future possibilities.
- It calls for energy system modeling that can look at hourly impacts on the electricity system and better understand temporal differences in demands and supplies across heat, electricity, and other sectors to identify synergies.
Supported NAMA for energy efficient new housing in MexicoCIFOR-ICRAF
The document summarizes a supported NAMA for energy efficient new housing in Mexico. It discusses establishing basic efficiency standards for new housing to reduce energy consumption and costs. The technical design proposes target maximum energy demand levels per square meter rather than technology standards for flexibility. Financing would provide subsidies for homeowners. Emission reductions would be monitored through energy consumption sampling and reported using a simple MRV system.
Impact evaluation of Energy Efficiency and DSM programmesLeonardo ENERGY
This document outlines the key elements of evaluating demand-side management programs. It discusses 7 key analytic elements for evaluation, including developing a policy measure theory, specifying indicators, establishing baselines, assessing outputs and outcomes, calculating impacts, costs, and choosing an evaluation effort level. Case studies from various countries demonstrate applying these elements to evaluate programs aimed at building codes, energy audits, labeling, and economic incentives. Recent developments toward harmonizing energy savings calculations through standardization are also noted.
This document summarizes a workshop on affordable housing retrofits in British Columbia. The workshop brought together over 40 participants from housing societies, government, academia and industry. Participants discussed the Energiesprong model from the Netherlands which has delivered net-zero energy retrofits at scale. The group explored how a similar approach could help B.C. meet its targets of reducing building emissions by half by 2030 and achieving net-zero emissions by 2050. Key topics included retrofit economics, opportunities and barriers, and how to structure market development to support industrialized retrofit solutions.
Presented by John Parsons Project Coordinator European Smart Metering Alliance at the IEA DSM Programme workshop in Brugge, Belgium on 10 October 2007.
Similar to Developing an effective strategic heating/cooling plan: What key success factors? (20)
Keynote by Hans van Steen, Principal Advisor, European Commission, Directorate General for Energy, Smart Energy Systems Conference, Copenhagen, September 2023
Smart Energy Systems Conference, Copenhagen, September 2023, Keynote by Assoc. Prof. Goran Krajačić, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture
Klima-, Energi- og Forsyningsudvalget
Foretræde 18. nov. 2021 om en Klimaneutral Varmeforsyning
Brian Vad Mathiesen, Henrik Lund, Steffen Nielsen, Peter Sorknæs og Jakob Z. Thellufsen, Aalborg Universitet
Dansk Fjernvarme, Landsmøde 2021, 28. okt. 2021,
Brian Vad Mathiesen, Henrik Lund, Steffen Nielsen, Peter Sorknæs og Jakob Z. Thellufsen, Aalborg Universitet
This document summarizes a study on the feasibility of using direct hydrogen in renewable energy systems. The study models a 100% renewable energy system for Europe using hydrogen in various energy sectors and finds that direct hydrogen increases total system costs in all scenarios. While hydrogen transmission costs are minimal, distribution and fueling infrastructure costs are significant. The study concludes that hydrogen is not practical and that electrons and liquid/gaseous electrofuels may be more suitable vectors for renewable energy than direct hydrogen.
This document discusses the transition to 4th generation district heating in Vaarst Vestervang, Denmark. It describes how the installation of instantaneous heat exchangers and smart meters decreased return temperatures from 40-50°C to 30°C while maintaining low supply temperatures of 60-65°C. This demonstrates the feasibility of near 4G district heating. A motivation tariff successfully reduced return temperatures but its fairness is questioned as consumers cannot yet benefit from the lower 60°C supply temperatures until the system is upgraded.
Integrating renewable energy resources in district heating and cooling Webinar Workshop by IRENA, International Renewable Energy Agency and CREEI, China Renewable Energy Engineering Institute.
Associate Professor Jakob Zinck Thellufsen, Aalborg University, 9 March 2021, online
Integrating renewable energy resources in district heating and cooling Webinar Workshop by IRENA, International Renewable Energy Agency and CREEI, China Renewable Energy Engineering Institute.
Søren Djørup, Norce Research, 9 March 2021, online
Integrating renewable energy resources in district heating and cooling Webinar Workshop by IRENA, International Renewable Energy Agency and CREEI, China Renewable Energy Engineering Institute.
Nis Bertelsen, PhD Fellow, Aalborg University, 9 March 2021, online
Integrating renewable energy resources in district heating and cooling Webinar Workshop by IRENA, International Renewable Energy Agency and CREEI, China Renewable Energy Engineering Institute.
Professor Brian Vad Mathiesen, Aalborg University, 9 March 2021, online
HOT STUFF: Re-electrification of district heating and future sector coupling technologies
Webinar, Danish Board of District Heating, February 24
Associate Professor Peter Sorknæs, Aalborg University
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Online, 1. december 2020
Keeping our cities sustainably warm - Inspiring the Efficient Renewal of District Heating for the Just Transition
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Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...University of Maribor
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11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
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https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptxMAGOTI ERNEST
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
ESPP presentation to EU Waste Water Network, 4th June 2024 “EU policies driving nutrient removal and recycling
and the revised UWWTD (Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive)”
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
I will finally argue that deep variability is both the problem and solution of frictionless reproducibility, calling the software science community to develop new methods and tools to manage variability and foster reproducibility in software systems.
Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skills
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...Leonel Morgado
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
Or: Beyond linear.
Abstract: Equivariant neural networks are neural networks that incorporate symmetries. The nonlinear activation functions in these networks result in interesting nonlinear equivariant maps between simple representations, and motivate the key player of this talk: piecewise linear representation theory.
Disclaimer: No one is perfect, so please mind that there might be mistakes and typos.
dtubbenhauer@gmail.com
Corrected slides: dtubbenhauer.com/talks.html
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...Sérgio Sacani
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvementIshaGoswami9
As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
change, and increasing global population, crop yield and quality need to be improved in a sustainable way over the coming decades. Genetic improvement by breeding is the best way to increase crop productivity. With the rapid progression of functional
genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding
the complex characteristics of multiple gene, owing to a lack of crop phenotypic data. Efficient, automatic, and accurate technologies and platforms that can capture phenotypic data that can
be linked to genomics information for crop improvement at all growth stages have become as important as genotyping. Thus,
high-throughput phenotyping has become the major bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Plant phenomics has been defined as the high-throughput, accurate acquisition and analysis of multi-dimensional phenotypes
during crop growing stages at the organism level, including the cell, tissue, organ, individual plant, plot, and field levels. With the rapid development of novel sensors, imaging technology,
and analysis methods, numerous infrastructure platforms have been developed for phenotyping.
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically youngSérgio Sacani
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
Unlocking the mysteries of reproduction: Exploring fecundity and gonadosomati...AbdullaAlAsif1
The pygmy halfbeak Dermogenys colletei, is known for its viviparous nature, this presents an intriguing case of relatively low fecundity, raising questions about potential compensatory reproductive strategies employed by this species. Our study delves into the examination of fecundity and the Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) in the Pygmy Halfbeak, D. colletei (Meisner, 2001), an intriguing viviparous fish indigenous to Sarawak, Borneo. We hypothesize that the Pygmy halfbeak, D. colletei, may exhibit unique reproductive adaptations to offset its low fecundity, thus enhancing its survival and fitness. To address this, we conducted a comprehensive study utilizing 28 mature female specimens of D. colletei, carefully measuring fecundity and GSI to shed light on the reproductive adaptations of this species. Our findings reveal that D. colletei indeed exhibits low fecundity, with a mean of 16.76 ± 2.01, and a mean GSI of 12.83 ± 1.27, providing crucial insights into the reproductive mechanisms at play in this species. These results underscore the existence of unique reproductive strategies in D. colletei, enabling its adaptation and persistence in Borneo's diverse aquatic ecosystems, and call for further ecological research to elucidate these mechanisms. This study lends to a better understanding of viviparous fish in Borneo and contributes to the broader field of aquatic ecology, enhancing our knowledge of species adaptations to unique ecological challenges.
2. Agenda
• Introduction
• Strategic heat planning:
- Identify stakeholders and project drivers
- Constructing technical scenarios
- Framework conditions, financing and business models
• Conclusions and summary
3. Introduction
Heating is the largest end-use in Europe
District heating allows access to many
supply sources
Smart energy systems and sector coupling
exploits important synergies
Lund et. al. 2014
4. Types of heating infrastructures
Djørup et. al. 2019: Definition & Experiences of Strategic Heat Planning
5. Heat planning and governance
Heating is a local demand
• Unlike electricity and gas, heating is situated locally
• Often overlooked in national energy policy
• Often covered by different regulation: buildings, energy efficiency, fuels etc.
If not treated systematically in energy policy and governance:
• Significant sector coupling and synergies are missed
• Many renewable or efficient heat sources are not considered
6. Strategic energy planning
• The purpose of Strategic Energy Planning is to address issues with current energy
supply and to formulate strategies and plans for transitions.
• Strategic heat and cooling planning does differ from planning for other energy carriers
due to the local nature of heating and cooling supply.
• Interdisciplinary: available resources, energy demands, technical potentials, current
legislation, the organisation of the energy sector and the related actors, political
drivers and barriers should be considered
7. The context of Strategic heat planning
Building sector Energy sector
Heating project
Local government
Regional government
National government
EU, international authorities
8. Key success factors in a Strategic Planning Process
1. Scope and purpose
- Identify main stakeholders
- Identify drivers for district heating
projects
2. Technical scenarios
- Measure heat demand
- Identify potential heat sources
- Balance heat savings and supply
- Establish scenarios
3. Evaluate Framework conditions and
business models
- Ownership
- Financing
- Pricing
- Regulation
9. 1. Scope, Purpose and Stakeholders in Strategic Heat Planning
Scope, Purpose and Stakeholders
• Important to identify drivers of the strategic energy planning process:
• Climate change, energy security, air pollution, energy poverty etc..
• Multiple drivers are likely to exist: important to figure out which ones align
Identification and coordination of stakeholders
• Who are the main actors engaged in the process
• Industry, high demand consumers, consumers with special needs
• Identifying opportunities to involve stakeholders that can play a constructive role in realizing heat
plans
• Identifying synergies and opportunities for cost-effective district energy systems
10. 1. Scope, Purpose and Stakeholders in Strategic Heat Planning
Some Stakeholders to Consider:
- National Authorities
- Local Authorities
- Utility Companies
- Investors
- Researcher / Academia
- Developers
- Technology developers: geothermal, solar
thermal, PV, wind etc.
- Excess heat suppliers: industry
- Customers and Citizens
11. 2. Technical scenario building for strategic heat planning
1. Quantify and locate heat demand
2. Quantify and locate heat resources
3. Quantify and assess heat-saving potentials
4. Establish scenarios for heat supply
12. 2. Technical scenario building for strategic heat planning
1. Quantify and locate demands
• Measurements of actual demands allow for actual knowledge of distribution of
consumption.
• Modelling or estimating demands can be a way forward to provide inputs for
decision making – see for example Peta4 and Hotmaps.
Heating demand Budapest Cooling demand Budapest
From Hotmaps
13. 2. Technical scenario building for strategic heat planning
2. Quantify and locate heat resources
• Strategic heat sources are typically either excess heat or renewable sources
• Low district heating supply temperature enables the use of low temperature geothermal resources
• Strategic heat sources can thus be low-temperature decentralised renewable such as solar thermal,
geothermal heat, or excess heat recovered from compressor machines
Geothermal
ressources
Heat demand
Excess heat
Geothermal
potentials
From Peta4
14. 2. Technical scenario building for strategic heat planning
3. Quantify and assess heat-saving potentials
Input:
Primary energy
Production
Transmission and
distribution
Building conversion Building distribution
Output:
Useful energy
15. 2. Technical scenario building for strategic heat planning
4. Establish scenarios for heat supply
• When establishing these scenarios, keep in mind the i)scope, ii) perspective and iii) timeframe of
energy systems analysis
• Do not make them too detailed at first! Easy to get lost in technical or legal details. It is important
to keep the process moving. Include the level of detail needed to make decisions and move further.
16. 2. Technical scenario building for strategic heat planning
Methodological points for scenario building:
- Energy system scope:
- Include entire energy system to identify synergies
- Data is important:
- Good quality heating data is vital
- Timeframe:
- Ensure that scenarios are in line with long-term targets
- Differentiate between socio-economic and business economic prices:
- Taxation, subsidies, externalities etc. influence the result. Use costs
that are relevant to society and not supporting status quo.
- Important to remember that strategic heat planning is not business as
usual
17. 3. Enabling Framework Conditions, Financing and Business Models
Ownership structure
Interests and monopoly
Who owns the distribution infrastructure?
Pricing
What heat pricing mechanisms are being used?
Regulation
Is there specific district heating regulation?
Financing
Is it possible to ensure a long timeframe for the
return on investment?
District
Heating
Governance
Ownership
Pricing Regulation
Financing
18. 3. Enabling Framework Conditions, Financing and Business Models
Three typical barriers:
Challenge 1: Level playing field
Recommendations:
• Fiscal levers
• Specific district heating legislation
• Consider district heating grids as infrastructure
• Consider externalities: decarbonisation, supply security, air quality
Challenge 2: Lack of governance tools to implement district heating
Recommendations:
• Feed back needs and ideas to national authorities and legislature. Create awareness of lacking tools.
• Identify what is possible within current regulatory framework
Challenge 3: Overcoming barriers to investment
Recommendations:
• Picking low-hanging fruits: start with high-demand consumers,
• Government intervention through economic and financial instrument
• Capacity building for authorities and heat market stakeholders
19. Case study - Zhengzhou Municipality
Zhengzhou Municipality included urban planners, architects, construction
contractor, future building owners (mainly financial companies), distributor
company and the heat supplier (water treatment factory) for planning new
district heating systems
Zhengzhou
Scope and purpose:
1. Replace all coal-fired energy production
2. Increase energy efficiency in buildings by 15%
3. Reduce air pollution levels
Framework and financing:
Public endowment fund – to recirculate
funds for new district heating investments
Technical scenarios:
- Interaction with buildings to
achieve energy savings
- Use the wastewater heat
20. Key success factors in a Strategic Planning Process
1. Scope and purpose
- Identify main stakeholders
- Identify drivers for district heating
projects
2. Technical scenarios
- Measure heat demand
- Identify potential heat sources
- Balance heat savings and supply
- Establish scenarios
3. Evaluate Framework conditions and
business models
- Ownership
- Financing
- Pricing
- Regulation
More on
these topics
in the next
webinars
21. Strategic heat planning and the integration of low-temperature
renewable energy sources in DHC
Strategic Heat Planning is an iterative, multidisciplinary and continuous process
Scope and
purpose
Technical
scenarios
Framework
conditions and
business
models
Key Success Factors:
Scope and purpose
- Identify main stakeholders
- Identify drivers for district heating projects
Technical scenarios
- Measure heat demand
- Identify potential heat sources
- Balance heat savings and supply
- Establish scenarios
Evaluate Framework conditions and business models
- Ownership
- Financing
- Pricing
- Regulation
22. Further Heating and Cooling Planning Ressources
Heat Roadmap Europe studies: link
- Heat Roadmap Scenarios for 14 European countries: link
- Heating and cooling demands: link
- Interactive heat demand and ressource map: link
HotMaps Research Project: link
- HotMaps toolbox (still under development – more features to be added): link
- HotMaps report: Definition & Experiences of Strategic Heat Planning: link
- HotMaps report: Guidance for the comprehensive assessment of efficient heating and cooling: link
- HOW TO FINANCE GEOTHERMAL DISTRICT HEATING? SEMINAR, BRUSSELS 13 DECEMBER: link
- WEBINAR: HEATING AND COOLING PLANNING MADE EASIER: link
Other heat planning research projects:
- THERMOS – district heating network planning tool: link
- ReUseHeat – exploiting urban excess heat: link
- KeepWarm – Renewing district heating: link
- IRENA & AAU – Guidebook: Facilitating the integration of low-temperature renewable energy in district
heating and cooling – Soon published
23. Thank you for your attention!
Contact:
Nis Bertelsen
nis@plan.aau.dk
www.linkedin.com/in/nisbertelsen
Editor's Notes
Heating is the largest end-use in Europe
Heating accounts for around 50% of total energy consumption
High potential for energy savings and district heating. In Europe around 50% district heating and 30% heat savings
District heating allows access to many supply sources
Geothermal ressources, large-scale heat pumps, excess heat, solar thermal
Thermal storage
Smart energy systems (sector coupling)
District energy can contribute to the transition towards an energy system that integrates smart electric, thermal, gas grids and larger amounts of fluctuating renewable resources
The policy scale – several interest and needs must be aligned. Local/strategic heat planning is carried out in the context of regulation ”from above”
The energy system – important to avoid suboptimisation or over use of certain ressources. Therefore SEP must take the broader energy system into context – both to exploit synergies but also avoid suboptimisation
IRENA have a comment on the graph
Challenge 1: Difficulties in governance due to different stakeholders with divergent objectives and functions
solution/tools to challenges 1: Identify the stakeholders and their interest in a project, identification of a suitable stakeholder to lead the heat planning process who in most cases is the local authority.
case study (if applicable): Zhengzhou Municipality
Challenge 2: Resistance from communities due to perceived environmental and social risks of RE technologies e.g. induced micro-seismicity with geothermal
solution/tools to challenges 2 -): promoting transparency and raising awareness on benefits of geothermal technologies, harmonizing methodologies for assessing geothermal environmental impact as well as environmental legislation/database for geothermal environmental impact assessments and mitigation measure as being implemented by the GEOENVI project to enhance transparency in geothermal development and create awareness about the risks an
Challenge 1: Difficulties in governance due to different stakeholders with divergent objectives and functions
solution/tools to challenges 1: Identify the stakeholders and their interest in a project, identification of a suitable stakeholder to lead the heat planning process who in most cases is the local authority.
case study (if applicable): Zhengzhou Municipality
Challenge 2: Resistance from communities due to perceived environmental and social risks of RE technologies e.g. induced micro-seismicity with geothermal
solution/tools to challenges 2 -): promoting transparency and raising awareness on benefits of geothermal technologies, harmonizing methodologies for assessing geothermal environmental impact as well as environmental legislation/database for geothermal environmental impact assessments and mitigation measure as being implemented by the GEOENVI project to enhance transparency in geothermal development and create awareness about the risks an
Technical heat mapping
Quantify and locate heat demand
Quantify and locate heat resources
Quantify and assess heat-saving potentials
Establish scenarios for heat supply
Challenge 1: establishing the demand for heating requires the acquisition of data on energy consumption from buildings as well as the dynamics of the demand e.g. how demand changes over time. This data is not readily available, especially in relation to space heating and cooling.
Solution/tools to challenges 1 – Expand energy metering and measurement to gain knowledge of energy demand, mapping of current building stock to enable estimations of potential energy savings and feasibility of low-temperature supply, modelling or estimating the heat demand using available tools /PETA 4 and Hotmaps toolbox
Technical heat mapping
Quantify and locate heat demand
Quantify and locate heat resources
Quantify and assess heat-saving potentials
Establish scenarios for heat supply
Challenge 1: establishing the demand for heating requires the acquisition of data on energy consumption from buildings as well as the dynamics of the demand e.g. how demand changes over time. This data is not readily available, especially in relation to space heating and cooling.
Solution/tools to challenges 1 – Expand energy metering and measurement to gain knowledge of energy demand, mapping of current building stock to enable estimations of potential energy savings and feasibility of low-temperature supply, modelling or estimating the heat demand using available tools /PETA 4 and Hotmaps toolbox
Budapest, Hungary
The Energy efficiency first principle
Assess the costs of different energy-saving measures and implement the ones that are cheaper than the cost of energy supply.
Energy efficiency measures have a supply chain effect
Building renovation measures usually implemented with very long time frames, thus not always feasible to postpone a district energy project until certain energy efficiency potentials have been realised.
Existing district heating system
New network supplying an existing neighbourhood
Adapting existing building stock to low-temperature supply (heating system and DHW preparation system)
Design the network to decrease return temperature
New urban areas
High-efficient buildings prepared for low-temperature
Design the network to operate with low-temperature
Existing district heating system
New network supplying an existing neighbourhood
Adapting existing building stock to low-temperature supply (heating system and DHW preparation system)
Design the network to decrease return temperature
New urban areas
High-efficient buildings prepared for low-temperature
Design the network to operate with low-temperature
Ownership structure
Challenge: Interests and monopoly
Public or private?
Who owns the grid?
Who owns the production
Recommendations/solutions
Identify where competition can be introduced
Production through tenders
Publicly-owned infrastructure
Pricing
Challenge: How to ensure competitive prices in heat market?
Recommendations/solutions
True costs
Price cap
No price regulation
Challenge 1: Off-take motivation of the consumers
Solutions/tools to challenge 1:
Selection of the ownership model
Price regulation
Price regulation
Challenge 2: Ensuring a level playing field
Solutions/tools to challenge 2:
Developing specific district heating legislation
Dealing with major externalities such as clean air, decarbonisation, supply security…
For geothermal: developing geothermal licensing regimes
JINAN
In recent years, China has attached great importance to clean heating and has introduced a series of policies to promote, support and accelerate the promotion of clean heating.
Jinan, as one of the national pilot cities of "winter clean heating", has received ¥700 million of special financial support from the central government annually, or ¥2.1 billion for 3 years in total.
Under the impetus of the national clean heating policy, Jinan has formulated a relatively perfect clean heating policy system by 2020. The development of district energy in Jinan is inseparable from the promotion of policies.
BELGRADECase study: the City of Belgrade created Energy efficiency Fund as a financing pool for buildings renovation and district heating. Public buildings are scheduled first as demo projects. Capacity building for the municipality and involved stakeholders.
Belgrade formed an Energy Efficiency Fund for renovation of public and residential building, but also in order to expand their district heating network.
With high levels of energy demand savings on the building side through renovation, it can become more cost-effective to pursue sustainable energy supply options, like district energy based on renewable energy or excess heat, for the remaining energy demand. This means the opportunity to expand the district heating network without increasing installed heat capacity.