Political instability has assumed large proportions in recent times with the denunciation of investigated for corruption that commits not only the country's political class, but mainly the executive and legislative branches of government that are totally demoralized and contribute to become unviable the efforts of Michel Temer government to recover extremely deteriorated Brazilian economy. This situation adds to the fact that Michel Temer be rejected as Dilma Rousseff by the population, making it unable to demand sacrifices of the population to adopt the necessary measures to overcome the economic crisis that will affect the interests, particularly the middle class and urban and rural proletariat that tend to rebel making Brazil ungovernable. For these reasons, the ungovernability, which is the domain of the disorder, will be inevitable in Michel Temer government. This tends to generate social unrest and political and institutional instability with unpredictable consequences that require the convening of a National Constituent Assembly Exclusive to reorder the national life before the collapse of the political system in force in Brazil.
In the current stage of development of capitalism in Brazil, governance is only ensured if its rulers ensure the continuity of the process of capitalist accumulation for the benefit of the bourgeoisie and if increasing income redistribution in favor of classes subaltern (petty bourgeoisie, urban and rural proletariat and lumpen proletariat). For these reasons, the ungovernability, which is the domain of disorder is inevitable in Dilma Rousseff government because she will not be able to ensure continuity of the process of capitalist accumulation and redistribution of income in favor of the lower classes. The ungovernability tends to generate political and institutional instability with unpredictable consequences in a divided country like Brazil. This is the price that the Brazilian people decided to pay electing Dilma Rousseff as president of Republic.
The governability of a country is only achieved when the government has a parliamentary majority to implement its policies and has the support of the vast majority of the population and the various social classes. Dilma Rousseff government seems no longer have the necessary conditions to rule Brazil, not only because they do not have the support of the parliamentary majority in Congress, but also because no longer have the nation's most support that enabled her win the last presidential elections.
Today, Brazil is a country divided between PT (Worker Party) and anti PT which resulted in the last presidential elections. Based on the results of the presidential elections in its second round, it appears that the supporters of PT represent 40% (Dilma Rousseff voters). The difference (60%) is the placement of the PT opponents who do not accept the policy pursued by that party and its leaders in the conduction of the nation's destiny. The existence of a divided and radicalized country that registers today becomes difficult to Dilma Rousseff to perform her task to rule Brazil. The permanence of the PT in power with the victory of Dilma Rousseff in the second round of elections constitutes an institutional political instability factor because without the support of the vast majority of the nation she has lost her condition to govern Brazil. Dilma Rousseff became a copy of Nicolas Maduro, president of Venezuela, facing serious problems of governance in their deeply divided country. The governance of a country by a ruler's legitimacy depends not only of the victory in the presidential elections, but fundamentally in the active support of the vast majority of the nation.
Dilma rousseff government is factor of political and institutional instabilit...Fernando Alcoforado
The governability of a country is only achieved when the government has the support of the vast majority of the population and its different social classes, in addition to having parliamentary majority to implement its policies. To have governance, the government must meet the demands of different social classes to get the support of civil society and should have the support of political parties in Parliament for the approval of their legislative proposals. In short, governance relates to government policy capacity to decide, enabling the execution of public policies. Dilma Rousseff does not meet any of these conditions to govern the Brazilian nation.
Brazil's future depends on a new constituent and retaking of developmentFernando Alcoforado
The path that can lead to economic and social progress in Brazil requires the overcoming of political and economic crises that threaten the future of the country. Overcoming the political crisis requires the convening of an Exclusive National Constituent Assembly to reorder the national life before the bankruptcy of political system in force in Brazil. Overcoming the economic crisis requires the restructuring of the Brazilian economy on new foundations radically different from the current model.
Why bolsonaro act irresponsibly and criminal in the fight against coronavirus...Fernando Alcoforado
No government can sustain itself in a democratic capitalist society without the support of the majority of the population, the majority of the National Congress and the economic power. The economic disaster of the Bolsonaro government aggravated by the creation of the Coronavirus will cause him to lose the support of the business community and will be the end of his government. The current moment is demanding Bolsonaro's immediate removal from the Presidency of the Republic because he lost the conditions to govern the country. In turn, the Coronavirus crisis requires that the powers of the Republic and the Brazilian population are united in the fight against the enemy common. Bolsonaro does not contribute to achieving this goal.
The pt workers´party governments are not progress forces in brazilFernando Alcoforado
Governments of the PT cannot be considered forces of progress because the balance of 13 years of Lula and Dilma Rousseff governments is the denial of the great struggles of the Brazilian people carried on in the twentieth century, a historical inconsistency traitor. Inconsistency in the economic sphere is manifested in the fact that both PT governments have given continuity to the neoliberal and anti-national policy of the Fernando Collor, Itamar Franco and Fernando Henrique Cardoso governments following what established the Washington Consensus in the 1990s. One of the great expectations that are created with the electoral victory of the PT governments from 2002 was that it would be continued Brazilian economic and social development process and national emancipation triggered by the presidents Getúlio Vargas and João Goulart to overcome the dependence on Brazil to foreign capital and the strengthening of production belonging to Brazilian sectors. Rather, what we found was the increased financial and technological dependence of Brazil in relation to the outside and the denationalization of the Brazilian economy.
In the current stage of development of capitalism in Brazil, governance is only ensured if its rulers ensure the continuity of the process of capitalist accumulation for the benefit of the bourgeoisie and if increasing income redistribution in favor of classes subaltern (petty bourgeoisie, urban and rural proletariat and lumpen proletariat). For these reasons, the ungovernability, which is the domain of disorder is inevitable in Dilma Rousseff government because she will not be able to ensure continuity of the process of capitalist accumulation and redistribution of income in favor of the lower classes. The ungovernability tends to generate political and institutional instability with unpredictable consequences in a divided country like Brazil. This is the price that the Brazilian people decided to pay electing Dilma Rousseff as president of Republic.
The governability of a country is only achieved when the government has a parliamentary majority to implement its policies and has the support of the vast majority of the population and the various social classes. Dilma Rousseff government seems no longer have the necessary conditions to rule Brazil, not only because they do not have the support of the parliamentary majority in Congress, but also because no longer have the nation's most support that enabled her win the last presidential elections.
Today, Brazil is a country divided between PT (Worker Party) and anti PT which resulted in the last presidential elections. Based on the results of the presidential elections in its second round, it appears that the supporters of PT represent 40% (Dilma Rousseff voters). The difference (60%) is the placement of the PT opponents who do not accept the policy pursued by that party and its leaders in the conduction of the nation's destiny. The existence of a divided and radicalized country that registers today becomes difficult to Dilma Rousseff to perform her task to rule Brazil. The permanence of the PT in power with the victory of Dilma Rousseff in the second round of elections constitutes an institutional political instability factor because without the support of the vast majority of the nation she has lost her condition to govern Brazil. Dilma Rousseff became a copy of Nicolas Maduro, president of Venezuela, facing serious problems of governance in their deeply divided country. The governance of a country by a ruler's legitimacy depends not only of the victory in the presidential elections, but fundamentally in the active support of the vast majority of the nation.
Dilma rousseff government is factor of political and institutional instabilit...Fernando Alcoforado
The governability of a country is only achieved when the government has the support of the vast majority of the population and its different social classes, in addition to having parliamentary majority to implement its policies. To have governance, the government must meet the demands of different social classes to get the support of civil society and should have the support of political parties in Parliament for the approval of their legislative proposals. In short, governance relates to government policy capacity to decide, enabling the execution of public policies. Dilma Rousseff does not meet any of these conditions to govern the Brazilian nation.
Brazil's future depends on a new constituent and retaking of developmentFernando Alcoforado
The path that can lead to economic and social progress in Brazil requires the overcoming of political and economic crises that threaten the future of the country. Overcoming the political crisis requires the convening of an Exclusive National Constituent Assembly to reorder the national life before the bankruptcy of political system in force in Brazil. Overcoming the economic crisis requires the restructuring of the Brazilian economy on new foundations radically different from the current model.
Why bolsonaro act irresponsibly and criminal in the fight against coronavirus...Fernando Alcoforado
No government can sustain itself in a democratic capitalist society without the support of the majority of the population, the majority of the National Congress and the economic power. The economic disaster of the Bolsonaro government aggravated by the creation of the Coronavirus will cause him to lose the support of the business community and will be the end of his government. The current moment is demanding Bolsonaro's immediate removal from the Presidency of the Republic because he lost the conditions to govern the country. In turn, the Coronavirus crisis requires that the powers of the Republic and the Brazilian population are united in the fight against the enemy common. Bolsonaro does not contribute to achieving this goal.
The pt workers´party governments are not progress forces in brazilFernando Alcoforado
Governments of the PT cannot be considered forces of progress because the balance of 13 years of Lula and Dilma Rousseff governments is the denial of the great struggles of the Brazilian people carried on in the twentieth century, a historical inconsistency traitor. Inconsistency in the economic sphere is manifested in the fact that both PT governments have given continuity to the neoliberal and anti-national policy of the Fernando Collor, Itamar Franco and Fernando Henrique Cardoso governments following what established the Washington Consensus in the 1990s. One of the great expectations that are created with the electoral victory of the PT governments from 2002 was that it would be continued Brazilian economic and social development process and national emancipation triggered by the presidents Getúlio Vargas and João Goulart to overcome the dependence on Brazil to foreign capital and the strengthening of production belonging to Brazilian sectors. Rather, what we found was the increased financial and technological dependence of Brazil in relation to the outside and the denationalization of the Brazilian economy.
In view of the fact that the Michel Temer government does not have ethical and moral conditions to continue to govern Brazil and does not have the capacity to lead efforts to solve the economic and political-institutional crises, the Brazilian people should demand that the Chamber of Deputies accept the denunciation of passive corruption against Michel Temer to remove him from the Presidency of the Republic and, after 180 days, demand that the National Congress elect a new President of the Republic that will constitute a government of national salvation and commit itself to the convening of a new National Constituent Assembly to carry out the political reforms and of the State and of Public Administration reforms, after which it would hold new general elections in Brazil.
Brazil facing internal economic problems and the ruin of the world economyFernando Alcoforado
Brazil faces two major obstacles to its development: 1) the neoliberalism that has been devastating the country since 1990; and 2) the process of ruining the world economy. The economic model. It is urgent that the Brazilian State take the reins of the national economy by abandoning the failed neoliberal economic model to reactivate the Brazilian economy and full employment. Brazil should fight in international fora for the establishment of a stable international financial system not subordinated to financial capital and the establishment of a democratic world government that, in addition to promoting economic ordering on a world scale, should create the conditions to meet the great challenges of the world. humanity in the 21st century.
The gigantic political impasse of brazil and its future scenariosFernando Alcoforado
Brazil's political impasse at the moment will only be effectively resolved with the convening of a new Constituent Assembly to order the national life on a new basis. Only then can cause the current economic crisis can be resolved and are avoided corruption scandals that continuously succeed in modern times involving all branches of government in Brazil and more recently Petrobras. Only then can cope with the failure of representative democracy in the country that shows clear signs of exhaustion not only by corruption scandals in the powers of the Republic, but especially to discourage popular participation, reducing political activity the electoral processes that are repeated periodically in which the people elect their representatives which, with few exceptions, after the elections come to defend interests of economic groups in opposition to the interests of those who elected them.
In order to prevent Brazil from facing an exception regime, it is necessary to carry out as urgently as possible a new National Constituent Assembly that allows for the conclusion of a new social contract on the basis of which the economic, political and social systems are reorganized. To hold general elections in Brazil in 2018 as it is defended by some parties and social segments with the maintenance of the corrupt and incompetent political class that governs the Country at the present moment without being preceded by a Constituent will represent a worsening of the serious crisis experienced by Brazil at the moment. Without a new Constituent we will be threatened to live with a new dictatorship in Brazil because the deterioration of the economic base and the political and legal superstructure will lead the country to total ungovernability..
It has been abominable the trajectory of Brazil throughout history that we demonstrated in our article A deplorável trajetória do Brasil ao longo da história (The deplorable trajectory of Brazil throughout history), published on 03/25/2019 on various websites. The trajectory of Brazil throughout its history is deplorable because the country still faces problems that were created and persist since the colonial period and the attempts of its overcoming were aborted by the repression against the social movements, by the overthrow of governments committed to the progress of the country and with the adoption of anti-national and anti-social government policies. The Bolsonaro government continues this abhorrent trajectory because its election to the Presidency of the Republic is contributing to: 1) the rise of fascism to power in Brazil; 2) the deterioration of the social situation of the working class in Brazil; 3) the country's economic backwardness; and, 4) the definitive end of national sovereignty.
The gravity of the current political situation of Brazil is demanding the re-founding of the Republic who is, at present, a mere piece of fiction. The political crisis that shakes the Brazil follows basically the failure of the political model adopted in the Constituent Assembly of 1988. The failure of the political model in Brazil is set on the fact of presidentialism in force since 1889 to be generator of political and institutional crises such as those already they occurred in the past which resulted in impeachments and coups d´état. In addition, the country's political system is contaminated by corruption as evidenced by the processes of "mensalão" and “Lava Jato” Operation that investigated, respectively, crimes of corruption in Parliament and in state companies. Representative democracy in Brazil also expresses clear signs of exhaustion to discourage popular participation in government decisions, reducing political activity to mere electoral processes that are periodically repeated in which the people elect their representatives who, with few exceptions, after elections come to defend the interests of economic groups in opposition to the interests of those who elected them.
Failure in the fight for reforms can evolve for a revolution in brazilFernando Alcoforado
If the struggle for political, economic and social reforms is unsuccessful and the country's economic situation deteriorates to the point where government at all levels is bankrupt and the social situation of the people worsens vertiginously with rising unemployment and crime, the social revolution will be at the order of the day when people no longer believe in existing political and economic systems will have nothing to lose fighting to change the reality in which they live. The revolutionary struggle will only happen in Brazil, however, when its rulers are not able to govern as before and those who are governed by them acquire the necessary conscience not to accept being governed as before. This moment has not yet arisen in Brazil, but will soon happen if the antisocial policies of the Michel Temer government continue.
Pt workers party and demoralization of the left in brazilFernando Alcoforado
All the facts of the recent history of Brazil are leading to discredit the PT and the left forces that give you political support. It is confirmed in practice the theory of Immanuel Wallerstein presented in its work Utopística ou as Decisões Históricas do Século Vinte e Um (Utopianism or the Historic Decisions of the Twenty-first Century) (Editora Vozes. Petrópolis, 1998) that "the main element that led to the people to put away of these parties was the disappointment, one feeling that these parties had had a historic opportunity, which had obtained support based on a strategy of two steps to transform the world (take state power, then transform it), and they had not fulfilled its historic promise. This Wallerstein thesis applies entirely to contemporary Brazil. After having failed in Brazil management by bringing it to bankruptcy and not having met the expectations of the majority of the population, PT and its leftist parties allies are desperately fighting for power maintenance claiming that their opponents are coup plotters when, in fact, who is sponsor of the coup d´état is Lula supported by PT and its left-wing parties allied with the rise of the former president to the ministry of Dilma Rousseff that turn her into "queen of England", that is, all power would be with Lula. Besides the economic, political and administrative failure, the left parties allies of PT are complicit with the greatest corruption in Brazil promoted by a political party in power.
Brazil will not overcome current crisis without the refoundation of the republicFernando Alcoforado
The gravity of the current political situation of Brazil is demanding the re-founding of the Republic that is, at present, a mere piece of fiction. The political crisis that shakes Brazil result basically of the failure of the political model adopted in the Constituent Assembly of 1988. The failure of the political model in Brazil is set on the fact of presidentialism in force since 1889 to be generator of political and institutional crises such as those already occurred in the past which resulted in impeachments and coups d´état. In addition, the country's political system is contaminated by corruption as evidenced by the processes of the "Mensalão" that investigated crime of vote-buying of lawmakers by the Brazilian government. Representative democracy in Brazil also expresses clear signs of exhaustion to discourage popular participation in government decisions, reducing political activity to mere electoral processes that are periodically repeated in which the people elect their representatives who, with few exceptions, after elections come to defend the interests of economic groups in opposition to the interests of those who elected them.
A lack of brazilian people´s protagonism in brazil historyFernando Alcoforado
Throughout the history of Brazil is flagrant the failure of the Brazilian people to play a protagonism role in the structural changes necessary for economic and social progress of the country. Generally, in times of political and economic crisis ever occurred agreements between the dominant economic classes and holders of political power that allowed maintain the "status quo". The critical political, economic and social situation in Brazil at the time may have to reconcile "by the high" among holders of economic and political power to keep the Dilma Rousseff government in power if the majority of the Brazilian people remains passive in regarding political, economic and social devastation in progress. This is the trump card of the incompetent and corrupt holders of Brazil's political power who do not fear of the people of Brazil that is primarily responsible for the rise them to power.
It will be inevitable the impeachment of Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff not only due to fiscal responsibility crimes that she has committed, but also by all the devastating work on the Brazilian economy that she and Lula held that and Lula held it in 13 years of PT governments. The balance of 13 years of PT governments indicates the lack of commitment of both governments to the great struggles of the Brazilian people carried on the past 50 years, a historical inconsistency traitor. This inconsistency has occurred, especially in the economic and moral planes. Inconsistency in the economic sphere is manifested in the fact that both governments have given continuity to the neoliberal and anti-national policy of the Fernando Collor, Itamar Franco and Fernando Henrique Cardoso following what established the Washington Consensus in the 1990s. On the moral sphere, it was institutionalized systemic corruption in the PT governments that contributed to pushing Petrobras and the country to bankruptcy.
The current problems of Brazil will not be overcome due to the Michel Temer government's inability to abandon the neoliberal and anti-national economic model in force because succumbed to the national and international financial capital and to reform the political system and the management model of public sector because he succumb to the reactionary political forces that make up the National Congress. While Michel Temer and the forces that give her support to continue in power, Brazil will continue a country ungovernable, like a ship adrift ready to sink. Brazil's future is dark in the absence of political and institutional alternatives to overcome the current crisis. Only remains to Brazilian people to expect that, before or after the "shipwreck of the ship named Brazil", a new National Constituent Assembly will be convened to carry out the political, State and Public Administration reforms and, consequently, to reorganize the national life.
The conciliation alternatives in the brazilian political crisisFernando Alcoforado
The solution to Brazil's problems will only happen if there is the development of a genuine political, economic and social pact through which the consensus of the Policy Society is possible among Political Society (state) the Civil Society. Only then it would be possible to celebrate the true social peace and avoid civil war. It is, however, a difficult building to be held in Brazil today on the radicalization that is the political process in the country. The development of a genuine political, economic and social pact with civil society participation is the key to solve the political, economic and social problems of Brazil due the Brazilian government's inability and general political institutions to offer effective responses to overcoming the economic crisis in the Brazilian nation and eradicate the rampant corruption in all branches of government.
The conciliation in the high spheres of power to keep the status quo and save...Fernando Alcoforado
Conciliation "on the top" is now under way in Brazil in order to keep “status quo” and to save President Michel Temer in power and corrupt politicians. In the meantime, Brazil is on the brink of economic and political collapse. The critical political, economic and social situation in which Brazil is at the moment may abort conciliation "on the top" because social upheaval may occur with the worsening of the crisis.
How to strengthen the movement by impeachment of dilma rousseff in brazilFernando Alcoforado
It is evident the growing deterioration of social movements in favor of impeachment of President Dilma Rousseff. This deterioration would be motivated by the political difficulties of carrying out impeachment in Congress and legal barriers within the Supreme Court. There is evidence that it is not enough conduct street movements as a strategy to pressure the National Congress and the Supreme Court seeking the impeachment of Dilma Rousseff. This strategy has to be coupled with actions that lead to extensive occupation of public buildings and the convening of a general strike throughout the country to demand the resignation or impeachment of Dilma Rousseff as president of the Republic.
power in Brazil to replace the disastrous Dilma Rousseff government presenting numerous weaknesses, very few strengths and very many threats to its success.It seems that Michel Temer will not have enough time to reverse the economic collapse of Brazil. Considering the Michel Temer inability to resolve the economic crisis and Dilma Rousseff incapacity to achieve this goal if she comes back to power after no impeachment in the Senate may emerge a scenario of uncontrollable political, economic and social chaos in Brazil. This scenario should be characterized by a permanent state of violence in the social environment in the country. To build social peace in Brazil will need to call new elections or a Constituent Assembly Exclusive to reorder the national life, seek the country's consensus in resolving the economic and social crisis, prevent the escalation of violence in Brazil and hold new general elections in the country.
How dilma rousseff can conquer governability to keep in powerFernando Alcoforado
Governability express the possibility of the government of a nation hold public policies resulting from the convergence of multiple instances of the national state with each other and this with the civil society organizations. Within the national state has observed the growth of opposition to the Dilma Rousseff government in parliament that swells with the resistance against their recessive and anti-social economic policy, as well as its bad relationship with supporters sectors related to its support base in Congress. Under the Civil Society already observed opposition movements to the government's economic policy by sectors linked to labor unions and the middle class that also react against the administrative debacle, ethical and moral of those in power. The opposition to the Dilma Rousseff government and the PT (Worker Party) is growing to the point that some sectors of civil society propose the impeachment of Dilma Rousseff and other even military intervention.
Despite all the artifices to neutralize the trend of decline of profit rates in the world capitalist system as predicted by Karl Marx in his great work The Capital, will not prevent its collapse over time because the political and social cost would be immense for humanity with its maintenance. Before the collapse, the world capitalist system will be ruined by the economic depression for many years resulting in his climbing the bankruptcy of many companies, the economic unfeasibility of the highly indebted nation states and mass unemployment on a global scale. Given the existence of the chaos that already dominates the world economy that is getting worse, it is time for each country and humanity provide themselves as urgently as possible tools necessary to take control of their destiny. To take control of his destiny humanity must take to end the world capitalist system to exercise governance of the world economy. This is the only means of survival of the human species.
Neste artigo já publicado em 31/03/2016 são apresentadas as medidas capazes de sustar o colapso econômico e político-institucional do Brasil após o impeachment de Dilma Rousseff. Sem elas, o Brasil terá seu futuro comprometido. Não basta, portanto, a substituição de Dilma Rousseff pelo vice-presidente Michel Temer que deverá ocorrer com o impeachment da atual presidente. É preciso que sejam adotadas as medidas aqui propostas para impedir o colapso dos sistemas econômico e político-institucional do Brasil.
In view of the fact that the Michel Temer government does not have ethical and moral conditions to continue to govern Brazil and does not have the capacity to lead efforts to solve the economic and political-institutional crises, the Brazilian people should demand that the Chamber of Deputies accept the denunciation of passive corruption against Michel Temer to remove him from the Presidency of the Republic and, after 180 days, demand that the National Congress elect a new President of the Republic that will constitute a government of national salvation and commit itself to the convening of a new National Constituent Assembly to carry out the political reforms and of the State and of Public Administration reforms, after which it would hold new general elections in Brazil.
Brazil facing internal economic problems and the ruin of the world economyFernando Alcoforado
Brazil faces two major obstacles to its development: 1) the neoliberalism that has been devastating the country since 1990; and 2) the process of ruining the world economy. The economic model. It is urgent that the Brazilian State take the reins of the national economy by abandoning the failed neoliberal economic model to reactivate the Brazilian economy and full employment. Brazil should fight in international fora for the establishment of a stable international financial system not subordinated to financial capital and the establishment of a democratic world government that, in addition to promoting economic ordering on a world scale, should create the conditions to meet the great challenges of the world. humanity in the 21st century.
The gigantic political impasse of brazil and its future scenariosFernando Alcoforado
Brazil's political impasse at the moment will only be effectively resolved with the convening of a new Constituent Assembly to order the national life on a new basis. Only then can cause the current economic crisis can be resolved and are avoided corruption scandals that continuously succeed in modern times involving all branches of government in Brazil and more recently Petrobras. Only then can cope with the failure of representative democracy in the country that shows clear signs of exhaustion not only by corruption scandals in the powers of the Republic, but especially to discourage popular participation, reducing political activity the electoral processes that are repeated periodically in which the people elect their representatives which, with few exceptions, after the elections come to defend interests of economic groups in opposition to the interests of those who elected them.
In order to prevent Brazil from facing an exception regime, it is necessary to carry out as urgently as possible a new National Constituent Assembly that allows for the conclusion of a new social contract on the basis of which the economic, political and social systems are reorganized. To hold general elections in Brazil in 2018 as it is defended by some parties and social segments with the maintenance of the corrupt and incompetent political class that governs the Country at the present moment without being preceded by a Constituent will represent a worsening of the serious crisis experienced by Brazil at the moment. Without a new Constituent we will be threatened to live with a new dictatorship in Brazil because the deterioration of the economic base and the political and legal superstructure will lead the country to total ungovernability..
It has been abominable the trajectory of Brazil throughout history that we demonstrated in our article A deplorável trajetória do Brasil ao longo da história (The deplorable trajectory of Brazil throughout history), published on 03/25/2019 on various websites. The trajectory of Brazil throughout its history is deplorable because the country still faces problems that were created and persist since the colonial period and the attempts of its overcoming were aborted by the repression against the social movements, by the overthrow of governments committed to the progress of the country and with the adoption of anti-national and anti-social government policies. The Bolsonaro government continues this abhorrent trajectory because its election to the Presidency of the Republic is contributing to: 1) the rise of fascism to power in Brazil; 2) the deterioration of the social situation of the working class in Brazil; 3) the country's economic backwardness; and, 4) the definitive end of national sovereignty.
The gravity of the current political situation of Brazil is demanding the re-founding of the Republic who is, at present, a mere piece of fiction. The political crisis that shakes the Brazil follows basically the failure of the political model adopted in the Constituent Assembly of 1988. The failure of the political model in Brazil is set on the fact of presidentialism in force since 1889 to be generator of political and institutional crises such as those already they occurred in the past which resulted in impeachments and coups d´état. In addition, the country's political system is contaminated by corruption as evidenced by the processes of "mensalão" and “Lava Jato” Operation that investigated, respectively, crimes of corruption in Parliament and in state companies. Representative democracy in Brazil also expresses clear signs of exhaustion to discourage popular participation in government decisions, reducing political activity to mere electoral processes that are periodically repeated in which the people elect their representatives who, with few exceptions, after elections come to defend the interests of economic groups in opposition to the interests of those who elected them.
Failure in the fight for reforms can evolve for a revolution in brazilFernando Alcoforado
If the struggle for political, economic and social reforms is unsuccessful and the country's economic situation deteriorates to the point where government at all levels is bankrupt and the social situation of the people worsens vertiginously with rising unemployment and crime, the social revolution will be at the order of the day when people no longer believe in existing political and economic systems will have nothing to lose fighting to change the reality in which they live. The revolutionary struggle will only happen in Brazil, however, when its rulers are not able to govern as before and those who are governed by them acquire the necessary conscience not to accept being governed as before. This moment has not yet arisen in Brazil, but will soon happen if the antisocial policies of the Michel Temer government continue.
Pt workers party and demoralization of the left in brazilFernando Alcoforado
All the facts of the recent history of Brazil are leading to discredit the PT and the left forces that give you political support. It is confirmed in practice the theory of Immanuel Wallerstein presented in its work Utopística ou as Decisões Históricas do Século Vinte e Um (Utopianism or the Historic Decisions of the Twenty-first Century) (Editora Vozes. Petrópolis, 1998) that "the main element that led to the people to put away of these parties was the disappointment, one feeling that these parties had had a historic opportunity, which had obtained support based on a strategy of two steps to transform the world (take state power, then transform it), and they had not fulfilled its historic promise. This Wallerstein thesis applies entirely to contemporary Brazil. After having failed in Brazil management by bringing it to bankruptcy and not having met the expectations of the majority of the population, PT and its leftist parties allies are desperately fighting for power maintenance claiming that their opponents are coup plotters when, in fact, who is sponsor of the coup d´état is Lula supported by PT and its left-wing parties allied with the rise of the former president to the ministry of Dilma Rousseff that turn her into "queen of England", that is, all power would be with Lula. Besides the economic, political and administrative failure, the left parties allies of PT are complicit with the greatest corruption in Brazil promoted by a political party in power.
Brazil will not overcome current crisis without the refoundation of the republicFernando Alcoforado
The gravity of the current political situation of Brazil is demanding the re-founding of the Republic that is, at present, a mere piece of fiction. The political crisis that shakes Brazil result basically of the failure of the political model adopted in the Constituent Assembly of 1988. The failure of the political model in Brazil is set on the fact of presidentialism in force since 1889 to be generator of political and institutional crises such as those already occurred in the past which resulted in impeachments and coups d´état. In addition, the country's political system is contaminated by corruption as evidenced by the processes of the "Mensalão" that investigated crime of vote-buying of lawmakers by the Brazilian government. Representative democracy in Brazil also expresses clear signs of exhaustion to discourage popular participation in government decisions, reducing political activity to mere electoral processes that are periodically repeated in which the people elect their representatives who, with few exceptions, after elections come to defend the interests of economic groups in opposition to the interests of those who elected them.
A lack of brazilian people´s protagonism in brazil historyFernando Alcoforado
Throughout the history of Brazil is flagrant the failure of the Brazilian people to play a protagonism role in the structural changes necessary for economic and social progress of the country. Generally, in times of political and economic crisis ever occurred agreements between the dominant economic classes and holders of political power that allowed maintain the "status quo". The critical political, economic and social situation in Brazil at the time may have to reconcile "by the high" among holders of economic and political power to keep the Dilma Rousseff government in power if the majority of the Brazilian people remains passive in regarding political, economic and social devastation in progress. This is the trump card of the incompetent and corrupt holders of Brazil's political power who do not fear of the people of Brazil that is primarily responsible for the rise them to power.
It will be inevitable the impeachment of Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff not only due to fiscal responsibility crimes that she has committed, but also by all the devastating work on the Brazilian economy that she and Lula held that and Lula held it in 13 years of PT governments. The balance of 13 years of PT governments indicates the lack of commitment of both governments to the great struggles of the Brazilian people carried on the past 50 years, a historical inconsistency traitor. This inconsistency has occurred, especially in the economic and moral planes. Inconsistency in the economic sphere is manifested in the fact that both governments have given continuity to the neoliberal and anti-national policy of the Fernando Collor, Itamar Franco and Fernando Henrique Cardoso following what established the Washington Consensus in the 1990s. On the moral sphere, it was institutionalized systemic corruption in the PT governments that contributed to pushing Petrobras and the country to bankruptcy.
The current problems of Brazil will not be overcome due to the Michel Temer government's inability to abandon the neoliberal and anti-national economic model in force because succumbed to the national and international financial capital and to reform the political system and the management model of public sector because he succumb to the reactionary political forces that make up the National Congress. While Michel Temer and the forces that give her support to continue in power, Brazil will continue a country ungovernable, like a ship adrift ready to sink. Brazil's future is dark in the absence of political and institutional alternatives to overcome the current crisis. Only remains to Brazilian people to expect that, before or after the "shipwreck of the ship named Brazil", a new National Constituent Assembly will be convened to carry out the political, State and Public Administration reforms and, consequently, to reorganize the national life.
The conciliation alternatives in the brazilian political crisisFernando Alcoforado
The solution to Brazil's problems will only happen if there is the development of a genuine political, economic and social pact through which the consensus of the Policy Society is possible among Political Society (state) the Civil Society. Only then it would be possible to celebrate the true social peace and avoid civil war. It is, however, a difficult building to be held in Brazil today on the radicalization that is the political process in the country. The development of a genuine political, economic and social pact with civil society participation is the key to solve the political, economic and social problems of Brazil due the Brazilian government's inability and general political institutions to offer effective responses to overcoming the economic crisis in the Brazilian nation and eradicate the rampant corruption in all branches of government.
The conciliation in the high spheres of power to keep the status quo and save...Fernando Alcoforado
Conciliation "on the top" is now under way in Brazil in order to keep “status quo” and to save President Michel Temer in power and corrupt politicians. In the meantime, Brazil is on the brink of economic and political collapse. The critical political, economic and social situation in which Brazil is at the moment may abort conciliation "on the top" because social upheaval may occur with the worsening of the crisis.
How to strengthen the movement by impeachment of dilma rousseff in brazilFernando Alcoforado
It is evident the growing deterioration of social movements in favor of impeachment of President Dilma Rousseff. This deterioration would be motivated by the political difficulties of carrying out impeachment in Congress and legal barriers within the Supreme Court. There is evidence that it is not enough conduct street movements as a strategy to pressure the National Congress and the Supreme Court seeking the impeachment of Dilma Rousseff. This strategy has to be coupled with actions that lead to extensive occupation of public buildings and the convening of a general strike throughout the country to demand the resignation or impeachment of Dilma Rousseff as president of the Republic.
power in Brazil to replace the disastrous Dilma Rousseff government presenting numerous weaknesses, very few strengths and very many threats to its success.It seems that Michel Temer will not have enough time to reverse the economic collapse of Brazil. Considering the Michel Temer inability to resolve the economic crisis and Dilma Rousseff incapacity to achieve this goal if she comes back to power after no impeachment in the Senate may emerge a scenario of uncontrollable political, economic and social chaos in Brazil. This scenario should be characterized by a permanent state of violence in the social environment in the country. To build social peace in Brazil will need to call new elections or a Constituent Assembly Exclusive to reorder the national life, seek the country's consensus in resolving the economic and social crisis, prevent the escalation of violence in Brazil and hold new general elections in the country.
How dilma rousseff can conquer governability to keep in powerFernando Alcoforado
Governability express the possibility of the government of a nation hold public policies resulting from the convergence of multiple instances of the national state with each other and this with the civil society organizations. Within the national state has observed the growth of opposition to the Dilma Rousseff government in parliament that swells with the resistance against their recessive and anti-social economic policy, as well as its bad relationship with supporters sectors related to its support base in Congress. Under the Civil Society already observed opposition movements to the government's economic policy by sectors linked to labor unions and the middle class that also react against the administrative debacle, ethical and moral of those in power. The opposition to the Dilma Rousseff government and the PT (Worker Party) is growing to the point that some sectors of civil society propose the impeachment of Dilma Rousseff and other even military intervention.
Despite all the artifices to neutralize the trend of decline of profit rates in the world capitalist system as predicted by Karl Marx in his great work The Capital, will not prevent its collapse over time because the political and social cost would be immense for humanity with its maintenance. Before the collapse, the world capitalist system will be ruined by the economic depression for many years resulting in his climbing the bankruptcy of many companies, the economic unfeasibility of the highly indebted nation states and mass unemployment on a global scale. Given the existence of the chaos that already dominates the world economy that is getting worse, it is time for each country and humanity provide themselves as urgently as possible tools necessary to take control of their destiny. To take control of his destiny humanity must take to end the world capitalist system to exercise governance of the world economy. This is the only means of survival of the human species.
Neste artigo já publicado em 31/03/2016 são apresentadas as medidas capazes de sustar o colapso econômico e político-institucional do Brasil após o impeachment de Dilma Rousseff. Sem elas, o Brasil terá seu futuro comprometido. Não basta, portanto, a substituição de Dilma Rousseff pelo vice-presidente Michel Temer que deverá ocorrer com o impeachment da atual presidente. É preciso que sejam adotadas as medidas aqui propostas para impedir o colapso dos sistemas econômico e político-institucional do Brasil.
Reforma do estado e da administração pública necessária ao brasilFernando Alcoforado
As estruturas organizacionais do governo em todos os seus níveis no Brasil estão superadas. É inadmissível que os governos federal, estadual e municipal superponham esforços, como ainda ocorre hoje em muitos setores, exaurindo os parcos recursos colocados à sua disposição e não passe a atuar com base em estruturas regionais nas quais estejam presentes todos os órgãos federais, estaduais e municipais interessados em seu desenvolvimento. Para solucionar esse problema, seria necessário fazer com que os governos federal e estadual assumissem funções normativas e de planejamento global, regional e setorial em bases integradas, enquanto as prefeituras municipais, órgãos de desenvolvimento regional e empresas públicas fariam a parte executiva também de forma articulada. Esse modelo de gestão integrada do setor público no Brasil se contraporia ao que prevalece na atualidade, no qual os governos federal, estadual e municipal são autônomos nas suas deliberações e ações, e politicamente reativos à ideia de integração. Para fazer com que as estruturas governamentais atuem de forma integrada é preciso constituir o denominado Estado em Rede.
As perspectivas da Economia- Mundo Capitalista para 2016 são bastante desanimadoras devido à depressão mundial na qual continuamos a viver e a baixa probabilidade de haver uma recuperação significativa da economia mundial na próxima década. A desaceleração econômica da China indica que sua economia, “Chão de Fábrica” mundial na era contemporânea, se esgotou. Na tentativa de salvar a economia-mundo capitalista do colapso que se avizinha estão sendo estruturados três acordos globais de comércio, negociados em sigilo, que ameaçam direitos sociais, o meio ambiente e a própria democracia. O primeiro desses acordos é o Acordo Comercial Transpacífico (TTP, ou Transpacific Trade Partnership, em inglês).O segundo acordo é o Acordo Transatlântico de Comércio e Investimentos (TTIP, ou Transatlantic Trade and Investiments Partnership) e, finalmente, o terceiro acordo é o Acordo sobre Comércio de Serviços (TiSA, ou Trade in Services Agreement). No século XXI, na era contemporânea de globalização econômica e financeira, surge o totalitarismo moderno, abarcando todo o planeta.
Urge a adoção de outro modelo de sistema financeiro diferente do atual que não seja movido pela usura, pela extrema ganância. Sem preconceito, este novo modelo poderia se inspirar no sistema financeiro islâmico que opera em torno de um princípio fundamental que é o de evitar a especulação. Na banca islâmica, tudo é feito para evitar que quem tem dinheiro tire vantagem daquele que não tem ou que precisa dele. Em um banco islâmico não existem produtos do mercado financeiro tradicional como, por exemplo, os derivativos que são contratos que derivam de uma taxa de referência ou índice que pode ser físico (café, ouro, etc.) ou financeiro (ações, taxas de juros, etc.).
The lulopetista fundamentalism and risk of political backspace in brazilFernando Alcoforado
A characteristic of fundamentalism that now dominates the Brazilian political life is “lulopetismo” that now involves some intellectuals, urban and rural proletariat and the lumpenproletariat many of which carry commissioned positions in Dilma Rousseff government. The “lulopetismo” has Lula as greatest leader, his followers are connected to PT (Workers´Party) and allied parties and integrate trade unions and civil society organizations. The “lulopetistas” are fundamentalists because they are blind to corruption, the serious administrative and financial irregularities and political errors committed by PT governments of Lula and Dilma Rousseff and many of its members. A feature common to fundamentalists is that they are intolerant to the extreme. Intolerance is a term that describes the mental attitude characterized by unwillingness to recognize and respect differences or religious beliefs, political or any third party nature by fundamentalists. If political intolerance prevail between supporters and opponents of PT and the Dilma Rousseff government, Brazil will move swiftly into a state of civil war. This scenario may occur either with the impeachment or the permanence of Dilma Rousseff in power.
Actions adopted to neutralize downward trend in the rate of profit of the wo...Fernando Alcoforado
The profit rate in the United States, Germany and Japan had a downward trend from 1950 to 2000. If we assume that this trend is not reversed, for example, to the United States, the largest world economy, the profit rate in this country that was 24% in 1950 and 13% in 2000 will achieve a profit rate equal to zero in 2059. The same will also happen to Japan, Germany and the entire world economy. Figure 2 also presented in the article cited above shows that the rate of profit to the historical cost of the fixed capital of US corporations was 32% in 1947 and 13% in 2007. Assuming that this trend will be maintained in the coming years, the profit rate of US corporations will reach zero in 2048. It follows, therefore, that the world capitalist system would be unfeasible between 2048 and 2059. In other words, the world capitalist system would have negative profit rates in the mid-twenty-first century. Given the inexorable trend of the profit rate to decline in the world capitalist system, they have been implemented neutralizing actions to its reversal. Karl Marx explained in The Capital that neutralizing actions to get the fall of the profit rate would come into operation. It is for this reason that Marx describes the fall of the profit rate as a trend decline.
Political conciliation and political confrontation in brazilFernando Alcoforado
Just as the removal of Dilma Rousseff of presidential power and Lula arrest for corruption may increase political violence in Brazil, the same can happen with the permanence of Dilma Rousseff in power. In other words, either with Dilma Rousseff dismissal or stay in power, Brazil may be convulsed by a political struggle with unpredictable consequences. The greater the delay in the solution of economic, political and institutional problems of Brazil the larger will be the chance of political violence become more virulent that will result civil disobedience by political forces that feel affected in this process.
O brasil não superará a crise atual sem o abandono do modelo econômico neolib...Fernando Alcoforado
Foi o receituário neoliberal implantado em 1990 que levou a economia brasileira à bancarrota durante o governo Dilma Rousseff. A prática vem demonstrando a inviabilidade do modelo econômico neoliberal no Brasil inaugurado pelo presidente Fernando Collor em 1990 e mantido pelos presidentes Itamar Franco, Fernando Henrique Cardoso, Lula e Dilma Roussef. O baixíssimo crescimento econômico do Brasil, a acentuada desindustrialização do País, a elevação desmesurada da dívida pública federal, a falência generalizada de empresas, a volta da inflação de dois dígitos e o desemprego em massa durante o governo Dilma Roussef demonstram a inviabilidade do modelo neoliberal implantado no País. Diante da herança econômica maldita dos governos do PT, sobretudo do governo Dilma Rousseff, a equipe econômica do governo Michel Temer pretende adotar, de imediato, medidas voltadas para a busca do equilíbrio das contas públicas para fazer frente à insolvência da União e, em seguida, dar continuidade ao fracassado modelo econômico neoliberal. Trata-se de uma irracionalidade tentar ressuscitar o falido modelo econômico neoliberal quando deveria reestruturar a economia brasileira se inspirando na experiência desenvolvimentista dos bem sucedidos países asiáticos como o Japão, Coreia do Sul, Taiwan e China.
Novas fontes de energia e eficiência energética para evitar a catastrófica mu...Fernando Alcoforado
Independentemente das várias soluções que venham a ser adotadas para eliminar ou mitigar as causas do efeito estufa e da consequente mudança climática catastrófica global, a mais importante é sem dúvidas a adoção de medidas que contribuam para a eliminação ou redução do consumo de combustíveis fósseis na produção de energia, bem como para seu uso mais eficiente nos transportes, na indústria, na agropecuária e nas cidades (residências e comércio), haja vista o uso e a produção de energia serem responsáveis por 57% dos gases de estufa emitidos pela atividade humana. Neste sentido, é imprescindível a implantação de um sistema mundial de energia sustentável.
O futuro da Petrobras é incerto porque depende de dois fatores: 1) a solução que seja dada às crises econômica e político-institucional do Brasil; e, 2) a solução que seja dada aos gigantescos problemas financeiros e de gestão enfrentados pela Petrobras. Das crises econômica e político-institucional que abalam a nação brasileira no momento podem resultar na permanência dos atuais detentores do poder político ou sua substituição como resultado dos processos de destituição da presidente Dilma Rousseff. A permanência de Dilma Rousseff no poder seria danosa para a Petrobras porque significaria continuar no comando da nação uma governante incompetente responsável pelo descalabro político e administrativo que levou à débâcle o Brasil e a própria companhia, além de agravar as soluções para os problemas futuros da empresa diante da perda de governabilidade e da falência em que se encontra o governo federal. Por sua vez, a alternativa de ascensão ao poder de setores políticos que se opõem ao governo Dilma Rousseff poderia significar o comprometimento do futuro da Petrobras que, altamente debilitada financeiramente, ficaria à mercê de soluções que poderiam levar à sua privatização e à penetração no mercado brasileiro de petróleo e gás natural de empresas estrangeiras.
Em consequência do desenvolvimento tecnológico da segunda metade do século XX, Astronomia sofre tão grande mudança nos seus métodos que ela deixa o seu aspecto de ciência de observação para se tornar, também, uma nova ciência experimental, onde aparecem inúmeros ramos. O avanço do conhecimento em Astronomia possibilitou estabelecer conjecturas sobre a origem do Universo que teria surgido através do Big Bang, identificar a existência de um enorme buraco negro no centro da Via Láctea, a descoberta da água em Marte, o rebaixamento de Plutão para planeta anão, a existência de exoplanetas similar à Terra fora do sistema solar, bem como a descoberta de matéria e energia escura no Universo.
William Shakespeare, English poet and playwright, considered the greatest writer in the English language and the most influential playwright in the world, is author in his theatrical play King Lear of the phrase "What a terrible this time where idiots drive unseeing”. This phrase applies perfectly to Brazil of the contemporary era in which we find the existence of idiots, ie rulers devoid of intelligence and common sense in the nation's command driving unseeing, that is, the incompetent members of government structure that already are leading the country to bankruptcy.
Science and advances in knowledge from classical physics to quantum physicsFernando Alcoforado
This article presents the advances in scientific knowledge made in Classical Physics, Relativistic Physics and Quantum Physics and inventions or practical applications resulting therefrom.
Just as the removal of Dilma Rousseff of the Presidency of Republicl and Lula arrest for corruption may increase political violence in Brazil, the same can happen with the permanence of Dilma Rousseff in power. In other words, either with dismissal or stay in power Dilma Rousseff, Brazil may be convulsed by a political struggle with unpredictable consequences. To prevent Brazil to be brought to social upheaval would require the establishment of a provisional government composed of respectable public figures uncompromised of political forces in confrontation that would have the mandate to convene a new constituent assembly to reorganize the national life, seek consensus country in the solution of economic and social crisis, prevent the escalation of violence in Brazil and hold new general elections in the country. This would be the way to avoid a fratricidal struggle or a civil war in Brazil. If not is formed a provisional government composed of respectable public figures uncompromised of political forces in confrontation able to order the national life, there will only be one outcome to the institutional impasse in which lives the Brazilian nation that is the intervention of the armed forces for the maintenance of constitutional order.
The dismantling of political and legal super structure in brazilFernando Alcoforado
The Brazilian nation is facing the impasse of having to live with a solution that means to maintain in power until the presidential elections of 2018 the kleptocracy that governs Brazil. This solution is unacceptable to all Brazilians who want Brazil to go through the path of economic, social, political and moral progress. This solution would aggravate further the gigantic economic crisis that has affected Brazil since 2014.
New constituent with the failure of the political institutions of brazilFernando Alcoforado
The political crisis that now shakes Brazil is fundamentally due to the bankruptcy of the political model approved in the 1988 Constituent Assembly. The bankruptcy of Brazil's political model result from the fact that presidentialism in force since 1889 has generated political and institutional crises such as those that have occurred in the past that have resulted in impeachments and coups d'état. In addition, the country's political system is contaminated by corruption as evidenced by the "mensalão" operation which investigated the purchase of parliamentary votes by PT (Workers Party) and Lava Jato operations.
To defend democracy to prevent the advancement of fascism in brazilFernando Alcoforado
The advance of fascism in Brazil results from the fact that its economic, social and political organization finds itself in complete disintegration. The inability of the Brazilian government and political institutions in general to offer effective responses to overcoming the recessive economic crisis in which the Brazilian nation has been suffering since 2014 and overcoming unbridled corruption in all the powers of the Republic has contributed to the advancement of fascism as a solution to the problems of Brazil. In the escalation of fascism in Brazil, an alliance was made between the conservative elite and the fascists which was consummated with the support of the conservative elite to the candidate Jair Bolsonaro to the Presidency of the Republic that has a proposal of typically fascist government because his discourse is based on the cult explicit of order, state violence, authoritarian government practices, social disregard for vulnerable and fragile groups, and anti-communism.
The future trajectory of Brazil is of growing political instability because the Brazilian economic crisis has structural roots, it is systemic and the Dilma Rousseff government does not meet policy and managerial competence to overcome it. The Brazilian government's inability manifests itself not only in solving today's problems, but above all for jeopardizing the future of the nation. Time conspires against the Dilma Rousseff government whose tendency is to worsen the current situation and drop in acceptance of his government by the Brazilian population as has been found in recent surveys where only 7% of the population approves of his government. The Brazilian population is against the Dilma Rousseff government what is seen as responsible for corruption at Petrobras and also for their economic decisions in the post-election period contrary to the interests of the people (increase in taxes, temporary blocking spending, more expensive energy with cutting subsidies for the electricity sector and changes in the rules of social benefits).
The failure of the political and economic systems of brazilFernando Alcoforado
The Brazilian people need to understand that small changes or simple reforms are not enough in political institutions and existing legislations and in fiscal adjustments like PEC 241/55 of the Michel Temer government to overcome the current economic crisis because the Brazilian crisis is structural. It is fundamentally urgent to overcome the gigantic economic crisis, the deep political crisis, the management crisis of the public administration and the moral and ethical crisis that threaten Brazil's future. It must be understood that all these crises are interconnected and that none of them will be overcome in isolation without overcoming the others. The first of the crises to be overcome is the political crisis in the face of the absence of governability of President Michel Temer with the convening of a new National Constituent Assembly to reorder the national life in new bases aimed at overcoming the economic crises, of management of public administration and ethical and moral.
Brazil faces threats regarding its future originated from the neoliberal economic policy of the Michel Temer government and the disastrous action of corrupt parliamentarians who seek impunity for the crimes of corruption they perpetrate. The Michel Temer government deepens the neoliberal model in Brazil with its criminal policies of fiscal adjustment to ensure the primary surplus that benefits the financial system by setting the “ceiling” for public spending for 20 years, social security reform that, in practice, will do with which workers pay to have a retirement that they will not enjoy in life, a labor reform that contemplates the flexibilization of the labor laws that will benefit the bosses to the detriment of the workers and, finally, the privatization of the state companies and of the public service in general which benefits, above all, foreign capital. In turn, corrupt parliamentarians entrenched in the National Congress seek to adopt legislative measures to counteract the consequences of “Lava Jato” Operation that could lead to the loss of elective terms and imprisonment.
Signs of economic, political and social ruination are already present in Brazil indicating the strong possibility of the country to be convulsed in 2016 by the confrontation between the political forces interested in the removal of Dilma Rousseff of power and those who fight for their stay in the Presidencyof the Republic. It seems that in 2016, Brazil will be politically convulsed with the confrontation between supporters and opponents of the current government. This may cause them to also street clashes that may require the intervention of the armed forces for the maintenance of constitutional order. In other words, whether to dismiss or stay in power Dilma Rousseff, Brazil will be convulsed by a political struggle with unpredictable consequences.
The shameful submission of the majority of the chamber of deputies to corrupt...Fernando Alcoforado
The majority of the Chamber of Deputies gave a clear demonstration on 08/08/2017 that it has no commitment to ethics and dignity and opposes the vast majority of the population by not approving the opening of assigned passive corruption process against President Michel Temer by the Attorney General Attorney of the Republic. Even in the face of the evidence of Michel Temer's crime of passive corruption, the majority of the Chamber of Deputies filed the process against the President of the Republic.
The aspirations of the people and the economic elite in contemporary brazilFernando Alcoforado
The main aspiration of the Brazilian people is the existence of a government that promotes the economic growth of the country benefiting workers and entrepreneurs in general and makes it possible to increase income and employment, as well as combat social inequality and guarantee social investments and their labor rights and social security. The main aspiration of the Brazilian economic elite is the existence of a government that does not affect its fundamental interests. It wants the maintenance of the anti-popular and anti-national reforms approved by the government Michel Temer that contribute to the increase of its income and wealth. The future president of the Republic will have to adopt an economic and social policy that corresponds to the interests of the Brazilian people or those of the economic elite who are diametrically opposed.
Reform of the constitution or political backlash in brazilFernando Alcoforado
There is no way to change the reality experienced by Brazil in the economic, political and administrative fields unless the holding of the constitutional reform to avoid a political and institutional breakdown in the country and build a new political and administrative radically democratic based on ethics and development for the benefit of the entire population. It is not enough to hold a mere political reform including as has been recommended by President Dilma Rousseff. The situation currently lived in Brazil calls into question not only the powers, but also representative democracy that may lead to ungovernability of the power structures in Brazil, now quite demoralized by successive corruption scandals that are reaching all branches of government.
The continuity of the situation currently experienced by Brazil in the State and civil society is unsustainable paving the way for a time of catastrophe in the country. The crisis in the Brazilian economy that threatens to take her to collapse adds to the water crisis in especially São Paulo, Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro and the electricity sector crisis with the threat of "blackouts" tends to produce social tensions and irresistible political radicalization. Four alternative futures can result in Brazil with the evolution of economic, social and political-institutional crisis: 1) the impeachment of Dilma Rousseff with proof of his involvement in Petrobras corruption; 2) the resignation of Dilma Rousseff before the national rejection by their hold on power and its replacement by Vice President Michel Temer; 3) the joint resignation of Dilma Rousseff and Michel Temer and the formation of an interim government of national unity that would have the task of convening a new Constituent Assembly and, after this, new general elections; and, 4) the deposition.of current in power by the military to order convulsed national life.
Costs of stay in power of current rulers in brazil and the benefits of their ...Fernando Alcoforado
Currently, there is a national outcry by the remoteness of Dilma Rousseff of the Presidency either through impeachment, resignation or through military intervention. To be impeachment is necessary that the head of the executive branch commits a violation, such as abuse of power, responsibility for crime, common crime and violation of the Constitution or lost the confidence of the nation and for reasons of state. If it´s not possible to fit Dilma Rousseff in crime of abuse of power, crime of responsibility and common crime, there is only the loss of confidence of the nation by the fact that she practiced electoral larceny or be reasons of state to avoid economic and social disaster that would result for their hold on power.
Political scenarios of brazil after dilma rousseff governmentFernando Alcoforado
Before the deep economic crisis that leads to Brazil's economy to stagflation, the policy and managerial inability of the federal government to manage the destinies of the nation and the widespread corruption that dominates the country is being put on the agenda the possibility of impeachment of President Dilma Rousseff's. Currently, there is a national clamor for the removal of Dilma Rousseff of the Presidency either through impeachment or a military intervention.
Michel temer removal and new constitution to re order the political system of...Fernando Alcoforado
The current situation is demanding not only the departure of President Michel Temer of the power and the exemplary punishment of the corrupt politicians who still rule in the country, but above all the constitution of a provisional government of national salvation composed of high level people who should call an Assembly National Constituent Exclusive to carry out the political, State and Public Administration reforms. After the Constituent Assembly, new general elections should be convened in the country.
HOW TO STRENGTHEN DEMOCRACY THREATENED BY NEO-FASCISM IN BRAZIL.pdfFaga1939
This article aims to present how to strengthen Brazilian democracy in the face of the threat of Bolsonarist neo-fascism. All democrats need to understand that it is not enough to have won the last presidential elections to eradicate the Bolsonarist neo-fascist threat. Neo-fascists are regrouping to try to achieve their goals, which is to convulse Brazil with a view to implanting an extreme right-wing dictatorship in the country. It is absolutely necessary for all Brazilian democrats to understand that the neo-fascist serpent is still alive and will try to return to power, starting with the municipal elections of 2024 and, later, in 2026, for state governments and, above all, for the Presidency. of the Republic. One of the conditions to prevent this from happening is that the Lula government does not fail in its search for a solution to Brazil's economic and social problems. The success of the Lula government in overcoming economic and social problems is the “sine-qua-non” condition to prevent Bolsonarist neo-fascism from returning to power in Brazil. In order to avoid the end of the current democratic system in Brazil, it is necessary that a broad democratic and anti-fascist front be constituted in Parliament and in Civil Society to defend the 1988 Constitution and fight against the acts of the political forces of opposition to the democratic system that are contrary to to the interests of the vast majority of the population and democracy in Brazil. This broad front must also be used to promote the reconstruction of the Brazilian economy, which is the necessary condition for the Lula government to be successful in the fight in defense of democracy against the Bolsonarist neo-fascist serpent. I take this opportunity to wish all Brazilian democrats my best wishes for a Happy 2023, including their families.
This article aims to present the profile of the President of the Republic that Brazil needs in the current historical moment. This article aims to offer its readers what I consider essential for a president of the Republic of Brazil to exercise this role in the current situation of Brazilian life. The future president of Brazil must prioritize the solution of social problems that will only be solved by solving economic problems which will require the Brazilian State to take the lead role, unlike the impotent Brazilian State it has been transformed into since 1990 with the adoption in Brazil of the model of neoliberal society. Without the leading role of the Brazilian State, the gigantic economic and social problems and also the serious environmental problems will not be resolved. The future president of Brazil must use the Brazilian State to create the conditions to promote the country's development on new bases diametrically opposed to those that prevailed from 1990 to the present moment, which led to its social, economic and environmental devastation.
The future President that Brazil needs is that, among other objectives, he must be able to urgently meet the most pressing needs of the vast majority of the Brazilian population, which are the increase in employment with their labor rights guaranteed, social assistance to the unemployed, the increase in the population's very debased income, access to their own home for the poor population with the necessary infrastructure, the provision of guaranteed social assistance to homeless populations, overcoming the endemic hunger suffered by the Brazilian population and the provision of public and universal quality education and health and social security services for the entire population. These are the conditions for him to be worthy of the trust of the suffering Brazilian people and to win the next presidential elections. To win the presidential election, the candidate must demonstrate that he will fulfill this fundamental promise, among others, which are also important.
Similar to Destroyed the tripod of governability in brazil (18)
Este artigo tem por objetivo demonstrar que o povo brasileiro vive o inferno representado pelas catástrofes políticas, econômicas, sociais e ambientais que estão conduzindo o País a um desastre humanitário sem precedentes em sua história de gigantescas proporções. A catástrofe política no Brasil poderá ocorrer com o fim do processo democrático resultante da escalada do fascismo na sociedade pela ação do presidente Jair Bolsonaro que busca colocar em prática sua proposta de governo tipicamente fascista baseada no culto explícito da ordem, na violência de Estado, em práticas autoritárias de governo, no desprezo social por grupos vulneráveis e fragilizados e no anticomunismo. Soma-se à catástrofe política, a catástrofe econômica caracterizada pela estagnação da economia brasileira que amarga uma recessão em 2020 agravada pela pandemia do novo coronavirus porque o PIB caiu 4,1% em relação ao de 2019, a menor taxa da série histórica, iniciada em 1996, bem como com a taxa de desemprego em patamar recorde de 14,8 milhões de pessoas em busca de emprego no País. A catástrofe social se manifesta no fato de o governo Bolsonaro nada fazer para reduzir as taxas de desemprego reativando a economia, atuar em prejuízo dos interesses dos trabalhadores promovendo medidas contra os direitos sociais da população e contribuir para o número elevado de infectados e mortos pelo coronavirus no Brasil ao sabotar o combate ao vírus. Finalmente, a catástrofe ambiental se manifesta no fato de o governo Bolsonaro contribuir para a inação de órgãos governamentais responsáveis pela fiscalização contra as agressões ao meio ambiente, abrir caminho para atividades de mineração, agricultura, pecuária e madeireira na Floresta Amazônica e afastar o Brasil do Acordo do Clima de Paris.
Cet article vise à démontrer que le peuple brésilien vit l'enfer représenté par les catastrophes politiques, économiques, sociales et environnementales qui conduisent le pays à une catastrophe humanitaire sans précédent dans son histoire aux proportions gigantesques. La catastrophe politique au Brésil pourrait survenir avec la fin du processus démocratique résultant de l'escalade du fascisme dans la société par l'action du président Jair Bolsonaro, qui cherche à mettre en pratique sa proposition de gouvernement typiquement fasciste. fondée sur le culte explicite de l'ordre, la violence d'État, les pratiques gouvernementales autoritaires, le mépris social pour les groupes vulnérables et fragiles et l'anticommunisme. Outre la catastrophe politique, la catastrophe économique caractérisée par la stagnation de l'économie brésilienne après une récession en 2020, aggravée par la nouvelle pandémie de coronavirus, car le PIB a baissé de 4,1% par rapport à 2019, le taux le plus bas du série historique, commencée en 1996, ainsi qu'avec le taux de chômage à un niveau record de 14,8 millions de personnes à la recherche d'un emploi dans le pays.La catastrophe sociale se manifeste par le fait que le gouvernement Bolsonaro ne fait rien pour réduire les taux de chômage en réactivant la économique, agissant au détriment des intérêts des travailleurs, promouvant des mesures contre les droits sociaux de la population et contribuant au nombre élevé de personnes infectées et tuées par le coronavirus au Brésil en sabotant la lutte contre le virus. Enfin, la catastrophe environnementale se manifeste par le fait que le gouvernement Bolsonaro contribue à l'inaction des agences gouvernementales chargées de surveiller les agressions contre l'environnement, ouvrant la voie aux activités minières, agricoles, d'élevage et d'exploitation forestière dans la forêt amazonienne et retirant le Brésil de l'Accord de Paris sur le climat.
Cet article a pour objectif de présenter et d'analyser le rapport du Groupe d'experts intergouvernemental sur l'évolution du climat (GIEC), agence liée à l'ONU, rendu public le 9 août 2021 à travers lequel il montre l'ensemble des connaissances acquises depuis la publication de son précédent rapport en 2014 sur le climat de la planète Terre. 234 auteurs de 66 pays ont examiné plus de 14 000 études scientifiques et leur travail a été reçu avec plus de 78 000 commentaires et observations de chercheurs et d'experts qui travaillant pour les 195 gouvernements auxquels ce travail est destiné. Ce rapport révèle une connaissance approfondie du climat passé, présent et futur de la Terre. Le résumé de ce rapport est à lire dans l'article Selon le GIEC, le changement climatique est irréversible, mais peut encore être corrigé disponible sur le site <https://www.sciencesetavenir.fr/nature-environnement/climat/selon-le-giec-le-changement-climatique-s-accelere-est-irreversible-mais-peut-etre-corrige_156431>. Alors que peut-on faire pour éviter cette catastrophe climatique ? La solution est de réduire de moitié les émissions mondiales de gaz à effet de serre d'ici 2030 et de zéro émission nette d'ici le milieu de ce siècle pour arrêter et éventuellement inverser la hausse des températures. La réduction à zéro des émissions nettes consiste à réduire autant que possible les émissions de gaz à effet de serre en utilisant les technologies propres et les énergies renouvelables, ainsi que comme capter et stocker le carbone, ou l'absorber en plantant des arbres. Très probablement, le monde ne réussira pas à empêcher d'autres changements climatiques en raison de l'absence d'un système de gouvernance mondiale capable d'empêcher l'augmentation du réchauffement climatique et le changement climatique catastrophique résultant de l'impuissance de l'ONU.
AQUECIMENTO GLOBAL, MUDANÇA CLIMÁTICA GLOBAL E SEUS IMPACTOS SOBRE A SAÚDE HU...Fernando Alcoforado
Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar os impactos do aquecimento global e da consequente mudança climática sobre a saúde humana e as soluções que permitam evitar suas maléficas consequências contra a humanidade. Para alcançar este objetivo, é necessário promover uma transformação profunda da sociedade atual que tem sido extremamente destruidora das condições de vida do planeta. Diante disso, é imprescindível que seja edificada uma sociedade sustentável substituindo o atual modelo econômico dominante em todo o mundo por outro que leve em conta o homem integrado com o meio ambiente, com a natureza, ou seja, o modelo de desenvolvimento sustentável. Foi analisado o Acordo de Paris com base na COP 21 organizada pela ONU através do qual 195 países e a União Europeia definiram como a humanidade lutará contra o aquecimento global nas próximas décadas, bem como foi analisada literatura relacionada com o aquecimento global e a mudança climática para extrair as conclusões que apontam como substituir o modelo de desenvolvimento atual pelo modelo de desenvolvimento sustentável.
GLOBAL WARMING, GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE AND ITS IMPACTS ON HUMAN HEALTHFernando Alcoforado
This article aims to present the impacts of global warming and the consequent global climate change on human health and the solutions to avoid its harmful consequences against humanity. In order to achieve this goal, it is necessary to promote a profound transformation of current society, which has been extremely destructive of the planet's living conditions. Therefore, it is essential to build a sustainable society, replacing the current dominant economic model throughout the world with one that takes into account man integrated with the environment, with nature, that is, the model of sustainable development. The Paris Agreement was analyzed based on the COP 21 organized by the UN through which 195 countries and the European Union defined how humanity will fight global warming in the coming decades, as well as was analyzed literature related to global warming and climate change to extract the conclusions that point out how to replace the current development model with the sustainable development model.
LE RÉCHAUFFEMENT CLIMATIQUE, LE CHANGEMENT CLIMATIQUE MONDIAL ET SES IMPACTS ...Fernando Alcoforado
Cet article a pour objectif de présenter les impacts du réchauffement climatique et du changement climatique qui en découle sur la santé humaine et les solutions pour éviter ses conséquences néfastes contre l'humanité. Pour atteindre cet objectif, il est nécessaire de promouvoir une transformation profonde de la société d'aujourd'hui qui a été extrêmement destructrice des conditions de vie sur la planète. Il est donc essentiel de construire une société durable, en remplaçant le modèle économique actuel dominant à travers le monde par un autre qui prenne en compte l'homme intégré à l'environnement, à la nature, c'est-à-dire le modèle de développement durable. L'Accord de Paris a été analysé sur la base de la COP 21 organisée par l'ONU à travers laquelle 195 pays et l'Union européenne ont défini comment l'humanité luttera contre le réchauffement climatique dans les prochaines décennies, ainsi que a été analysée la littérature liée au réchauffement climatique et au changement climatique pour extraire les conclusions qui indiquent comment remplacer le modèle de développement actuel par le modèle de développement durable.
Cet article a trois objectifs : 1) démontrer qu'il y a un changement drastique du climat de la Terre grâce au réchauffement climatique, qui contribue à la survenue d'inondations dans les villes aux effets de plus en plus catastrophiques ; 2) proposer des mesures pour lutter contre le changement climatique mondial ; et 3) proposer des mesures pour préparer les villes à faire face à des événements météorologiques extrêmes. Récemment, des inondations se sont produites qui exposent la vulnérabilité des villes d'Europe et de Chine aux conditions météorologiques les plus extrêmes. Après les inondations qui ont fait des morts en Allemagne, en Belgique et en Chine, le message a été renforcé que des changements importants sont nécessaires pour préparer les villes à faire face à des événements similaires à l'avenir. Les gouvernements doivent admettre que les infrastructures qu'ils ont construites dans le passé pour les villes, même à une époque plus récente, sont vulnérables à ces phénomènes météorologiques extrêmes. Pour faire face aux inondations qui deviendront de plus en plus fréquentes, les gouvernements doivent agir simultanément dans trois directions : la première est de lutter contre le changement climatique mondial ; le second est de préparer les villes à faire face à des événements météorologiques extrêmes et le troisième est de mettre en œuvre une société durable aux niveaux national et mondial.
This article has three objectives: 1) to demonstrate that there is a drastic change in the Earth's climate thanks to global warming, which is contributing to the occurrence of floods in cities that are increasingly catastrophic in their effects; 2) propose measures to combat global climate change; and 3) propose measures to prepare cities to face extreme weather events. Recently, floods have occurred that expose the vulnerability of cities in Europe and China to the most extreme weather. After the floods that killed people in Germany, Belgium and China, the message was reinforced that significant changes are needed to prepare cities to face similar events in the future. Governments need to admit that the infrastructure they built in the past for cities, even in more recent times, is vulnerable to these extreme weather events. To deal with the floods that will become more and more frequent, governments need to act simultaneously in three directions: the first is to combat global climate change; the second is to prepare cities to face extreme weather events and the third is to implement a sustainable society at the national and global levels.
Este artigo tem três objetivos: 1) demonstrar que está havendo uma mudança drástica no clima da Terra graças ao aquecimento global que está contribuindo para a ocorrência de inundações nas cidades que se repetem de forma cada vez mais catastrófica em seus efeitos; 2) propor medidas para combater a mudança climática global; e, 3) propor medidas visando preparar as cidades para enfrentar eventos climáticos extremos. Recentemente, ocorreram enchentes que expõem a vulnerabilidade das cidades da Europa e da China ao clima mais extremo. Depois das enchentes que mataram pessoas na Alemanha, Bélgica e China foi reforçada a mensagem de que são necessárias mudanças significativas para preparar as cidades para enfrentar eventos similares no futuro. Os governos precisam admitir que a infraestrutura que construíram no passado para as cidades, mesmo em tempos mais recentes, é vulnerável a esses eventos de clima extremo. Para lidar com as inundações que serão cada vez mais frequentes, os governos precisam agir simultaneamente em três direções: a primeira consiste em combater a mudança climática global; a segunda consiste em preparar as cidades para enfrentar eventos extremos no clima e a terceira consiste em implantar uma sociedade sustentável nas esferas nacional e global.
CIVILIZAÇÃO OU BARBÁRIE SÃO AS ESCOLHAS DO POVO BRASILEIRO NAS ELEIÇÕES DE 2022 Fernando Alcoforado
Este artigo tem por objetivo demonstrar que as eleições de 2022 são decisivas para o futuro do Brasil porque que o povo brasileiro terá que decidir entre os valores da civilização e da democracia ou os da barbárie e do fascismo defendidos pelos candidatos à Presidência da República. É preciso observar que a Civilização é considerada o estágio mais avançado que uma sociedade humana pode alcançar do ponto de vista político, econômico, social, cultural, científico e tecnológico. O contrário de civilização é a Barbárie que é a condição daquilo que é selvagem, cruel, desumano e grosseiro, ou seja, quem ou o que é tido como bárbaro que atenta contra o progresso político, econômico, social, cultural, científico e tecnológico. A barbárie sempre se caracterizou ao longo da história da humanidade por grupos que usam a força e a crueldade para alcançar seus objetivos.
CIVILISATION OU BARBARIE SONT LES CHOIX DU PEUPLE BRÉSILIEN AUX ÉLECTIONS DE ...Fernando Alcoforado
Cet article vise à démontrer que les élections de 2022 sont décisives pour l'avenir du Brésil car le peuple brésilien devra trancher entre les valeurs de civilisation et de démocratie ou celles de barbarie et de fascisme défendues par les candidats à la Présidence de la République. Il convient de noter que la civilisation est considérée comme le stade le plus avancé qu'une société humaine puisse atteindre d'un point de vue politique, économique, social, culturel, scientifique et technologique. Le contraire de la civilisation est la barbarie, qui est la condition de ce qui est sauvage, cruel, inhumain et grossier, c'est-à-dire qui ou ce qui est considéré comme barbare qui attaque le progrès politique, économique, social, culturel, scientifique et technologique. La barbarie a toujours été caractérisée tout au long de l'histoire de l'humanité par des groupes qui utilisent la force et la cruauté pour atteindre leurs objectifs.
CIVILIZATION OR BARBARISM ARE THE CHOICES OF THE BRAZILIAN PEOPLE IN THE 2022...Fernando Alcoforado
This article aims to demonstrate that the 2022 elections are decisive for the future of Brazil because the Brazilian people will have to decide between the values of civilization and democracy or those of barbarism and fascism defended by candidates for the Presidency of the Republic. It should be noted that Civilization is considered the most advanced stage that a human society can reach from a political, economic, social, cultural, scientific and technological point of view. The opposite of civilization is Barbarism, which is the condition of what is savage, cruel, inhuman and coarse, that is, who or what is considered barbaric that attacks political, economic, social, cultural, scientific and technological progress. Barbarism has always been characterized throughout human history by groups that use force and cruelty to achieve their goals.
COMO EVITAR A PREVISÃO DE STEPHEN HAWKING DE QUE A HUMANIDADE SÓ TEM MAIS 100...Fernando Alcoforado
Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar o que foi dito pelo falecido cientista Stephen Hawking que afirmou em 2018 que a espécie humana poderia ser levada à extinção em 100 anos e que, devido a isto, forçaria os seres humanos a saírem da Terra, bem como demonstrar que as ameaças de extinção da espécie humana citadas por Hawking podem ser enfrentadas sem que haja a necessidade de fuga de seres humanos da Terra.
COMMENT ÉVITER LA PRÉVISION DE STEPHEN HAWKING QUE L'HUMANITÉ N'A QUE 100 ANS...Fernando Alcoforado
Cet article vise à présenter ce qu'a dit le regretté scientifique Stephen Hawking qui a déclaré en 2018 que l'espèce humaine pourrait être amenée à l'extinction dans 100 ans et que, de ce fait, il forcerait les êtres humains à quitter la Terre, ainsi que démontrer que les menaces d'extinction de l'espèce humaine citées par Hawking peuvent être affrontées sans que les êtres humains aient besoin de s'échapper de la Terre.
Today the French Revolution is commemorated, which was a dividing mark in the history of humanity, starting the contemporary age. It was such an important event that its ideals influenced many movements around the world.
On commémore aujourd'hui la Révolution française, qui a marqué l'histoire de l'humanité en commençant l'ère contemporaine. C'était un événement si important que ses idéaux ont influencé de nombreux mouvements à travers le monde.
Hoje é comemorada a Revolução Francesa que foi um marco divisório da história da humanidade dando início à idade contemporânea. Foi um acontecimento tão importante que seus ideais influenciaram vários movimentos ao redor do mundo.
O TARIFAÇO DE ENERGIA É SINAL DE INCOMPETÊNCIA DO GOVERNO FEDERAL NO PLANEJAM...Fernando Alcoforado
É bastante evidente o descalabro do setor elétrico do Brasil. O planejamento eficaz do setor elétrico é aquele que deve ser desenvolvido com vários anos de antecedência e baseado em estudos técnicos e econômicos. A gestão competente tem que ser baseada no planejamento de longo prazo e com visão sistêmica que está faltando ao governo Bolsonaro. Sem a cultura do planejamento e a não utilização de profissionais competentes nas ações do governo federal, o resultado só poderia ser o que vem se registrando no setor elétrico que está ameaçado de “apagões” e de racionamento de energia elétrica.
LES RÉVOLUTIONS SOCIALES, LEURS FACTEURS DÉCLENCHEURS ET LE BRÉSIL ACTUELFernando Alcoforado
Cet article vise à analyser les facteurs déclencheurs des révolutions sociales qui se sont produites tout au long de l'histoire de l'humanité et à évaluer la possibilité de leur occurrence dans le Brésil contemporain.
SOCIAL REVOLUTIONS, THEIR TRIGGERS FACTORS AND CURRENT BRAZILFernando Alcoforado
This article aims to analyze the triggering factors of social revolutions that have occurred throughout human history and assess the possibility of their occurrence in contemporary Brazil.
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हम आग्रह करते हैं कि जो भी सत्ता में आए, वह संविधान का पालन करे, उसकी रक्षा करे और उसे बनाए रखे।" प्रस्ताव में कुल तीन प्रमुख हस्तक्षेप और उनके तंत्र भी प्रस्तुत किए गए। पहला हस्तक्षेप स्वतंत्र मीडिया को प्रोत्साहित करके, वास्तविकता पर आधारित काउंटर नैरेटिव का निर्माण करके और सत्तारूढ़ सरकार द्वारा नियोजित मनोवैज्ञानिक हेरफेर की रणनीति का मुकाबला करके लोगों द्वारा निर्धारित कथा को बनाए रखना और उस पर कार्यकरना था।
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role of women and girls in various terror groupssadiakorobi2
Women have three distinct types of involvement: direct involvement in terrorist acts; enabling of others to commit such acts; and facilitating the disengagement of others from violent or extremist groups.
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‘वोटर्स विल मस्ट प्रीवेल’ (मतदाताओं को जीतना होगा) अभियान द्वारा जारी हेल्पलाइन नंबर, 4 जून को सुबह 7 बजे से दोपहर 12 बजे तक मतगणना प्रक्रिया में कहीं भी किसी भी तरह के उल्लंघन की रिपोर्ट करने के लिए खुला रहेगा।
In a May 9, 2024 paper, Juri Opitz from the University of Zurich, along with Shira Wein and Nathan Schneider form Georgetown University, discussed the importance of linguistic expertise in natural language processing (NLP) in an era dominated by large language models (LLMs).
The authors explained that while machine translation (MT) previously relied heavily on linguists, the landscape has shifted. “Linguistics is no longer front and center in the way we build NLP systems,” they said. With the emergence of LLMs, which can generate fluent text without the need for specialized modules to handle grammar or semantic coherence, the need for linguistic expertise in NLP is being questioned.
Do Linguistics Still Matter in the Age of Large Language Models.pptx
Destroyed the tripod of governability in brazil
1. 1
DESTROYED THE TRIPOD OF GOVERNABILITY IN BRAZIL
Fernando Alcoforado *
To have governability in Brazil, the Brazilian government must have the support of the
economically ruling class (bourgeoisie) and meet the demands of various subaltern
classes (petty bourgeoisie, urban and rural proletariat and lumpenproletariat) for the
support of civil society and must have a broad political base support in Parliament for
the approval of their legislative projects. This is therefore the tripod of governability in
Brazil: 1) support of the economically ruling social classes; 2) support of the majority of
the population and 3) support of the majority of Parliament. In short, governability
concerns the government's ability to be able to carry out public policies with the support
of the ruling classes, the population and the Parliament.
In Brazil, holders of the means of production the bourgeoisie which is classified as the
ruling class and the state, through its state-owned enterprises. Social classes not owning
the means of production concern the petty bourgeoisie, the urban and rural proletariat
and the lumpenproletariat that are classified as lower classes. The petty bourgeoisie
concerns the middle class and urban middle classes who have the same values and
aspirations of the bourgeoisie. The proletariat is one that has no means of life except
their labor power he sells receiving wages to survive. The lumpenproletariat, in turn, is
the portion of the population located socially below the proletariat formed by miserable
fractions, not only devoid of economic resources, but also devoid of political
consciousness and class, and is therefore susceptible to serve bourgeois interests and
party political patronage.
The bourgeoisie is made in Brazil by two groups: 1) great entrepreneurs of the
productive sector and businessmen linked to the financial sector, etc. with a contingent
of 9,000 members; and, 2) small and medium entrepreneurs whose quota is 5.7 million
people. The petty bourgeoisie is made up of the upper middle class (national private
companies’ executives, executives of multinational companies, senior government
bureaucrats and state-owned enterprises executives), traditional middle class (civil
servants and liberal professionals) and intellectual (major office lawyers, university
professors, academics, journalists, artists, filmmakers, etc.) whose quota is 108 million.
The urban and rural proletariat are the industrial, agricultural, trade and services
workers totaling 46 million people in Brazil and the lumpenproletariat, also called
"common people", consists of 40.3 million people.
The removal of Dilma Rousseff of power had the support of the bourgeoisie made up of
large business of the productive sector and the financial sector thanks to the
incompetence demonstrated by her in the conduct of the national economy, as well as
the risk of loss of continuity of the capital accumulation process and the threat of losses
realization of their companies in the future. The vast majority of the petty bourgeoisie
supported the impeachment of Dilma Roussef evidenced by their active participation in
major events held in Brazil since 2013 because they felt threatened in their perspective
of social mobility, maintenance of their jobs and the loss of their purchasing power in
the face of catastrophic situation of the Brazilian economy. The Dilma Roussef
government had the support of the urban and rural proletariat, especially that linked the
major unions and labor unions in Brazil controlled by PT (Workers´Party) and the allied
parties and the lumpenproletariat, social base of the PT governments thanks social
programs “Bolsa Família” and “Minha Casa, Minha Vida”.
2. 2
After the impeachment of Dilma Rousseff, Michel Temer assumes power facing also
governability problems. From the tripod of governability, Michel Temer has the support
of the ruling social classses (bourgeoisie) and the majority of Parliament. Michel Temer
is rejected by the majority of the population as much as Dilma Rousseff. The Michel
Temer condition of governability is currently higher than that of Dilma Rousseff who
did not have any support. To sustain in power, Michel Temer will have to make
concessions to the ruling classes and the members of Parliament because hardly win the
support of the vast majority of the population that only would occur with the retake of
economic development when would provide the increase in employment and income of
members of the middle class and the urban and rural proletariat. As for the
lumpenproletariat, the Michel Temer government must make concessions keeping the
social programs of Dilma Rousseff government to neutralize the influence of PT and
allies along to this social class.
Michel Temer government is faced, however, with immense difficulties to meet the
interests of the ruling classes that will only be satisfied if the Brazilian economy is
going to present a performance to ensure the profits of their companies. Hardly, the
Brazilian economy will be reactivated in its growth in a unstable political environment
as the current because Michel Temer does not count on the confidence of the population
because it is also, along with Dilma Rousseff, co-responsible for the political and
administrative debacle of Brazil and the executive and legislative powers are
demoralized by the presence of large number of politicians investigated for justice for
the crime of corruption. Most likely, none domestic and foreign investor will invest in
Brazil in a unstable political environment as the current and the possibility of return to
power of the incompetent government of Dilma Rousseff in the next 6 months if not
confirmed the impeachment by Brazilian Congress.
Political instability has assumed large proportions in recent times with the denunciation
of investigated by “Lava Jato” Operation that investigate crimes of corruption in
government committing virtually much of the country's political class contributing to
harm the Temer government efforts to recover the Brazilian economy and to feed
stagnation further that Brazil meets with serious social consequences. In this scenario,
the middle class, urban and rural proletariat and the lumpenproletariat would rebel
against the government making the country ungovernable. For these reasons, the
ungovernability, which is the domain of the disorder, will be inevitable in Michel Temer
government because he will not be able to ensure the continuity of the process of
capitalist accumulation for the benefit of the bourgeoisie and to redistribute income in
favor of the subaltern classes. This tends to generate social unrest and political and
institutional instability with unpredictable consequences whose solution will require the
convening of a National Constituent Assembly Exclusive to reorder the national life.
To cope with the ungovernability of the country, there must be the resignation of the
president of Republic (Michel Temer and Rousseff if she did not suffer impeachment)
and be constituted a provisional government headed by President of the Supreme Court
that is the only institution capable of mediate the political and social conflicts in Brazil
and convene a Constituent Assembly Exclusive to reorder the national life. The
National Constituent Assembly Exclusive would have the purpose: 1) to carry out the
reform of the country's political system with the institutionalization of the district vote
and reducing the number of parliamentarians and their stewardships in federal
parliaments, state and municipal, among other measures; 2) to promote the reform of the
State and Public Administration on a new basis; 3) to ban political parties and
3. 3
parliamentarians committed to corruption; 4) to form new political parties after the new
Constituent; and, 5) to call new general elections in the country, among other measures.
The Constituent Assembly Exclusive to be convened should institute also
parliamentarism and decide the end of the Senate with the institutionalization of the
unicameral system.
* Fernando Alcoforado, member of the Bahia Academy of Education, engineer and doctor of Territorial
Planning and Regional Development from the University of Barcelona, a university professor and
consultant in strategic planning, business planning, regional planning and planning of energy systems, is
the author of Globalização (Editora Nobel, São Paulo, 1997), De Collor a FHC- O Brasil e a Nova
(Des)ordem Mundial (Editora Nobel, São Paulo, 1998), Um Projeto para o Brasil (Editora Nobel, São
Paulo, 2000), Os condicionantes do desenvolvimento do Estado da Bahia (Tese de doutorado.
Universidade de Barcelona, http://www.tesisenred.net/handle/10803/1944, 2003), Globalização e
Desenvolvimento (Editora Nobel, São Paulo, 2006), Bahia- Desenvolvimento do Século XVI ao Século XX
e Objetivos Estratégicos na Era Contemporânea (EGBA, Salvador, 2008), The Necessary Conditions of
the Economic and Social Development-The Case of the State of Bahia (VDM Verlag Dr. Muller
Aktiengesellschaft & Co. KG, Saarbrücken, Germany, 2010), Aquecimento Global e Catástrofe
Planetária (P&A Gráfica e Editora, Salvador, 2010), Amazônia Sustentável- Para o progresso do Brasil e
combate ao aquecimento global (Viena- Editora e Gráfica, Santa Cruz do Rio Pardo, São Paulo, 2011),
Os Fatores Condicionantes do Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social (Editora CRV, Curitiba, 2012) and
Energia no Mundo e no Brasil- Energia e Mudança Climática Catastrófica no Século XXI (Editora CRV,
Curitiba, 2015).