The path that can lead to economic and social progress in Brazil requires the overcoming of political and economic crises that threaten the future of the country. Overcoming the political crisis requires the convening of an Exclusive National Constituent Assembly to reorder the national life before the bankruptcy of political system in force in Brazil. Overcoming the economic crisis requires the restructuring of the Brazilian economy on new foundations radically different from the current model.

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BRAZIL'S FUTURE DEPENDS ON A NEW CONSTITUENT AND RETAKING
OF DEVELOPMENT
Fernando Alcoforado *
The scoreboard of impeachment in the Senate shows that 37 senators are in favor of
impeachment, 18 against, 4 weren´t found, 15 not responded and 7 are undecided
(http://infograficos.estadao.com.br/politica/placar-do -impeachment senators /). Dilma
Rousseff to be removed from the presidency of the Republic is required 54 senators
favorable. This means that 17 senators are needed for the impeachment to be victorious
and Michel Temer becomes definitively in the presidency of Republic until 2018. The
return of Dilma Rousseff to power would mean an affront to the majority of Brazilian
society that for the most part (68 % according to Datafolha survey) support
impeachment.
The return of Dilma Rousseff to power would mean lead Brazil to the total
ungovernability considering she does not have the support of the economically
dominant class (bourgeoisie), do not count on a broad support policy based on
Parliament for the approval of their legislative projects and having a rejection of 68% of
the population. To be governability, the government must be able to carry out
governmental policies with the support of the ruling classes, the population and the
Parliament. Dilma Rousseff gathers not any of these conditions. After the impeachment
of Dilma Rousseff, Michel Temer took office facing also governability issues. From the
governability tripod, he has the support of the dominant social classes (bourgeoisie) and
the majority of Parliament and is rejected by the majority of the population as much as
Dilma Rousseff.
The Michel Temer governability condition is at the time greatest of the Dilma Rousseff
that does not have any support. To sustain in power, Michel Temer is making
concessions to the ruling classes and the members of Parliament because hardly win the
support of the vast majority of the population that will only occur with the retaking of
economic development when would provide the high levels of employment and income
the members of the middle class and the urban and rural proletariat. Michel Temer
government is faced, however, with immense difficulties to promote the retaking of
development which will require a long time.
Very rarely, the Brazilian economy will be reactivated in its growth in a unstable
political environment as the current because lacks to Michel Temer the confidence of
the nation because he is also next to Dilma Rousseff, co-responsible for the political and
administrative debacle of Brazil. This situation adds to the fact that Michel Temer be
rejected as Dilma Rousseff by the population, making he unable to demand people's
sacrifices to take the necessary hard measures to overcome the economic crisis that will
affect the interests, particularly of the middle class and urban and rural proletariat that
will tend to rebel making ungovernable the country. For these reasons, the
ungovernability, which is the domain of the disorder, will be inevitable in Michel Temer
government.
The return to power of Dilma Rousseff would mean to transform Brazil into a political
"hell" of large proportions, that is, in a place of deep darkness, a place of utter despair
and no hope of salvation. Hell term is used by different religions representing the place
of great suffering and condemnation. The origin of the term is Latin: infernum, meaning
"the depths" or "underworld". The permanence of Michel Temer in power would mean

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to transform Brazil into a "purgatory" that, according to the Catholic Church is a place
of purification to get the necessary holiness and enter in Paradise. This analogy of the
Dilma Rousseff government with the "hell" and Michel Temer government with the
"purgatory" reminds us of the Divine Comedy of Dante Alighieri which chronicles his
odyssey through Hell, Purgatory and Paradise describing each step of the journey with
little visual details.
Dante, the personage of the story, is guided through hell and purgatory by the Roman
poet Virgil and in the sky by Beatriz, muse in several of his works. Dante's figure can be
linked to the Brazilian people who went through hell with the Dilma Rousseff
government and is in purgatory with the Michel Temer government. Out of hell (Dilma
Rousseff government), Dante (Brazilian people) is faced with an extremely high
mountain: Purgatory (Michel Temer government). In purgatory (Michel Temer
government), Dante (Brazilian people) follows accompanied by an angel that leads to
paradise. The question that is put to the Brazilian people is how to evolve from
purgatory (Michel Temer government) to paradise that would happen with the country
economically and socially progress on a new basis.
The path that can lead to "paradise" represented by the economic and social progress in
Brazil requires the overcoming of political and economic crises that threaten the future
of Brazil. Overcoming the political crisis requires the convening of a National
Constituent Assembly Exclusive to reorder the national life before the collapse of the
political system in force in Brazil. Therefore, there must be the resignation of the
president of Republic (Michel Temer and Dilma Rousseff if she did not suffer
impeachment) and a provisional government headed by President of the Supreme Court
that is the only institution that still deserves respect the nation consists to convene the
Constituent Assembly Exclusive.
The Constituent Assembly Exclusive would aim: 1) to carry out the reform of the
country's political system with the institutionalization of the district vote and reducing
the number of parliamentarians and their stewardships in federal parliaments, state and
municipal, among other measures; 2) to promote the reform of the State and Public
Administration on a new basis; 3) to ban political parties and parliamentarians
committed to corruption; 4) to form new political parties after the new Constituent; and,
5) to call new general elections in the country, among other measures. The Exclusive
Constituent Assembly to be convened should institute also parliamentarism and decide
by the end of the Senate with the institutionalization of the unicameral system. Hold
new presidential elections without a new Constituent Assembly, as some political forces
want, it means keeping the morass of corruption that dominates Brazilian politics.
To overcome the economic crisis, it is necessary to adopt the following measures: 1)
retaking of development investing R$ 2 trillion in economic infrastructure (ports - R$
42.9 billion, railways - R$ 130.8 billion, highways - R$ 811.7 billion, waterways and
river ports - R$ 10.9 billion, airports - R$ 9.3 billion, electricity sector - R$ 293.9
billion, oil and gas - R$ 75.3 billion, sanitation- R$ 270 billion and telecommunications
- R$ 19.7 billion) and social infrastructure (health sector - R$ 83 billion / year, the
education sector - R$ 16.9 billion / year and the public housing sector - R$ 160 billion)
through public-private partnership; 2) sharp reduction in short and long-term interest
rates to encourage investment in productive activities; 3) transformation of Brazil into a
platform for exports; 4) reintroduction of market reserve in areas considered strategic
for national development; 5) Input and outflow flow control of capital to prevent

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currency evasion and to restrict access of speculative capital in the country; 6) the
adoption of fixed exchange rate policy to replace the floating exchange rate linked to
exchange bands in place to contribute to the stability of the Brazilian economy and raise
the competitiveness of Brazil's exports; 7) marked reduction of the Selic rate to reduce
the burden of payment of the public debt; 8) audit of the public debt; and 9)
renegotiation of the public debt payment with the elongation of its payment on time.
* Fernando Alcoforado, member of the Bahia Academy of Education, engineer and doctor of Territorial
Planning and Regional Development from the University of Barcelona, a university professor and
consultant in strategic planning, business planning, regional planning and planning of energy systems, is
the author of Globalização (Editora Nobel, São Paulo, 1997), De Collor a FHC- O Brasil e a Nova
(Des)ordem Mundial (Editora Nobel, São Paulo, 1998), Um Projeto para o Brasil (Editora Nobel, São
Paulo, 2000), Os condicionantes do desenvolvimento do Estado da Bahia (Tese de doutorado.
Universidade de Barcelona, http://www.tesisenred.net/handle/10803/1944, 2003), Globalização e
Desenvolvimento (Editora Nobel, São Paulo, 2006), Bahia- Desenvolvimento do Século XVI ao Século XX
e Objetivos Estratégicos na Era Contemporânea (EGBA, Salvador, 2008), The Necessary Conditions of
the Economic and Social Development-The Case of the State of Bahia (VDM Verlag Dr. Muller
Aktiengesellschaft & Co. KG, Saarbrücken, Germany, 2010), Aquecimento Global e Catástrofe
Planetária (P&A Gráfica e Editora, Salvador, 2010), Amazônia Sustentável- Para o progresso do Brasil e
combate ao aquecimento global (Viena- Editora e Gráfica, Santa Cruz do Rio Pardo, São Paulo, 2011),
Os Fatores Condicionantes do Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social (Editora CRV, Curitiba, 2012) and
Energia no Mundo e no Brasil- Energia e Mudança Climática Catastrófica no Século XXI (Editora CRV,
Curitiba, 2015).