Describe or explain how SNPs in gens at evolutionary conserved break.pdf
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Describe or explain how SNPs in gens at evolutionary conserved breakpoints can lead to dramatic phenotypic differences between species like chimpanzees and humans even though their genomes are 98% similar? Provide and describe or explain an example of one gene with SNP differences between gorillas and humans that might have resulted changes between humans and apes. Solution A DNA sequence is a linear combination of four nucleotides. The two sequences when compared position by position, and wherever a different nucleotides at the same position occurs, that\'s a SNP. SNPs reflect past mutations that were mostly (but not exclusively) unique events, and two individuals sharing a variant allele are thereby marked with a common evolutionary heritage. Analysis of shared pattern of SNP variation can identify the genes similar to our ancestors. Although humans and chimps have many identical genes, they often use them in different ways. Same gene can be expressed more in humans and less in chimps. The same genes are expressed in the same brain regions in human, chimp and gorilla, but in different amounts thereby resulting in difference in brain activity. Thousands of differences like these affect brain development and function, and help explain why the human brain is larger and smarter. The chimpanzee immune system is surprisingly similar to ours. Most viruses that cause diseases like AIDS and hepatitis in human can also infect chimpanzees. In case of malaria parasite which can be transmitted by mosquito bite in human does not infect chimps. A small DNA difference makes human red blood cells vulnerable to this parasite, while chimp blood cells are resistant. Also the characteristic of speech in human is the result of SNP which is absent in chimps or apes..
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Dna of human and great ape
This ppt clarifies the differences and similarities of DNA of human and ape. Gives a conclusion that how the minimum differences gives major differences among human and ape.
Describe or explain how SNPs in genes at evolutionary conserved brea.pdf
Describe or explain how SNPs in genes at evolutionary conserved breakpoints can lead to
dramatic phenotypic differences between species like chimpanzees and humans even though
their genomes are 98% similar? Provide and describe or explain an example of one gene with
SNP differences between gorillas and humans that might have resulted changes between humans
and apes.
Solution
SNP ( Single nucleotide polymorphism) is a type of genetic variation among living beings. SNP
represents a difference in a single DNA building block i.e, nucleotide. SNP replaces the
nucleotide cytosine ( C) With ghe nucleotide thymine (T) in a stetch of DNA. The difference
between the two genomes of humans and chimpanzees is actually 4% approximately. This
msinly contributes to the phenotypic differences in various species.
Humans differbfrom other primates like chimpanzees and apes in cognitive abilities and a
significantly larger brain. These correlate with metabolic changes, etc. Example of such genes
with SNP differences is 90 TF genes with significant expression levels in humans and
chimpanzee brain. Among these KRAB-Zinc finger genes are markedly important. The
differentially expressed TFs cluster within robust regulatory network consisting of two distinct
but interlinked modules, strongly associated with energy metabolism functions and the others
with transcription, vesticular transport and ubiquitination..
Bio263 Lecture 2: Becoming human
Lecture 2: Becoming human
What have comparisons between human and ape genomes taught us about what it means to be human?
Human genetic diversity and origin of major human groups
Humans are 99.9% genetically identical and yet we are all so different. Even monozygotic twins have infrequent genetic differences due to mutations occurring during development and gene copy-number variation.
Recommended
Dna of human and great ape
This ppt clarifies the differences and similarities of DNA of human and ape. Gives a conclusion that how the minimum differences gives major differences among human and ape.
Describe or explain how SNPs in genes at evolutionary conserved brea.pdf
Describe or explain how SNPs in genes at evolutionary conserved breakpoints can lead to
dramatic phenotypic differences between species like chimpanzees and humans even though
their genomes are 98% similar? Provide and describe or explain an example of one gene with
SNP differences between gorillas and humans that might have resulted changes between humans
and apes.
Solution
SNP ( Single nucleotide polymorphism) is a type of genetic variation among living beings. SNP
represents a difference in a single DNA building block i.e, nucleotide. SNP replaces the
nucleotide cytosine ( C) With ghe nucleotide thymine (T) in a stetch of DNA. The difference
between the two genomes of humans and chimpanzees is actually 4% approximately. This
msinly contributes to the phenotypic differences in various species.
Humans differbfrom other primates like chimpanzees and apes in cognitive abilities and a
significantly larger brain. These correlate with metabolic changes, etc. Example of such genes
with SNP differences is 90 TF genes with significant expression levels in humans and
chimpanzee brain. Among these KRAB-Zinc finger genes are markedly important. The
differentially expressed TFs cluster within robust regulatory network consisting of two distinct
but interlinked modules, strongly associated with energy metabolism functions and the others
with transcription, vesticular transport and ubiquitination..
Bio263 Lecture 2: Becoming human
Lecture 2: Becoming human
What have comparisons between human and ape genomes taught us about what it means to be human?
Human genetic diversity and origin of major human groups
Humans are 99.9% genetically identical and yet we are all so different. Even monozygotic twins have infrequent genetic differences due to mutations occurring during development and gene copy-number variation.
GWAS
Genome-wide association study (GWAS) technology has been a primary method for identifying the genes responsible for diseases and other traits for the past ten years. GWAS continues to be highly relevant as a scientific method. Over 2,000 human GWAS reports now appear in scientific journals. Our free eBook aims to explain the basic steps and concepts to complete a GWAS experiment.
Example OneDiscuss how new discoveries in genetics are contr.docx
Example One
Discuss how new discoveries in genetics are contributing to our understanding of the HIV virus
and how some folks exposed to HIV have been able to escape developing AIDS.
The HIV virus daily infects 14,000 people, however some individuals’ odds of contracting the
virus are very low. Dr. Donald Mosier of the Script Institute was puzzled by this and launched a
genetic study to determine why certain individuals are resistant to the HIV virus. What Dr.
Mosier discovered was the resistant people inherited a deletion mutation that gave them
protection. Within the deletion mutation, the receptor CCR5, is excluded. This deleted section
of the CCR5 receptor functions as a lock, therefore people born with the mutation will not get
the HIV virus. Those individuals that are homozygous – have two copies of the same deletion
gene, are immune to the virus and are protected. Individuals that are heterozygous – have two
different genes – have some protection from HIV because their body have half the “locks.” Dr.
Mosier further studied populations and discovered the deleted mutation was higher in certain
parts of the world and among Caucasians.
Explain the genetic connection between phenotype and genotype discovered by Mendel in the
19th century.
Genetics helps to understand human diversity, not only in today’s world but in the past as well.
When studying genetics it is important to understand the relationship between phenotype and
genotype. A phenotype is defined as an observable physical characteristic whereas a genotype
is the set of specific genes an organism carries (Allen, Anton, Stanford 60). In the video lesson,
Anne Stone commented the phenotype can be impacted by the environment. For example, if
there is not sufficient food or there is disease, this can impact an individual’s height which is a
phenotype. Anthropologist Geneticist Joanna Mountain explained a phenotype can be
“measurements and anything we can describe about a person from appearance to metabolism.”
Utilizing the garden pea plant to conduct his experiment, Gregor Mendel was able to recognize
traits were passed on from parents to offspring. He knew traits were inherited but did not know
how this inheritance worked. Mendel’s Principles of Segregation which states in an organism,
alleles occurs in pairs and when gametes sex cells get produced, alleles separate so each
gamete contains one member of each pair. Further experiments by Mendel lead him to
conclude in a unit of inheritance, meaning offspring received receive genes from each parent.
Theses principles laid the foundation for future scientists to study inheritance.
Vocabulary
Phenotype – observable characteristics; expression of genetic instructions; something you can
measure
Genotype – genetic make-up of an individual; every person has a unique genotype made of
genes inherited from parents
Recessive – a masked trait or covered up
Dominant – mask recessive characteristics
P ...
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This presentation will address the claim that humans share up to 98% of the same DNA with chimpanzees.
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The Role of Methylation in Gene Expression & The law of DNA constancy and C-value paradox
clinical implications -C.pptxfhfhfdjhfdgjf
ferklkjdfdjkfuifjfhjefbrfgqpruifhfhrjkfgrpuifufhjfrfgqpifhufrjgpiqufhjrfguipqfpiufjrfprqfpifhjrfpruigpqrifhurfquprifguiqfjrgfqruiegpiqehfpuqigfuiqfuipqefuiegfuuiqwefpuefgpuiqweiufhiueqguiqufugriewguirurgirrhffgurehfpruieguirghfuihpuiwfgwgfwfprfhpuriwfjkwfhjwhfioprhuiruityuefrfpcrvprgpieuwuriqgqfhruihfguerwhurbrvwruieguieruirffrefwreuiferfhuillllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjgggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggguuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuurrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrroooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffdssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiirrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr
Genetic polymorphism
DNA sequence variations are sometimes described as mutations and sometimes as polymorphisms. A gene is said to be polymorphic if more than one allele occupies that gene's locus within a population.
Polymorphic sequence variants usually do not cause overt debilitating diseases. Many are found outside of genes and are completely neutral in effect. Others may be found within genes, but may influence characteristics such as height and hair colour rather than characteristics of medical importance.
However, polymorphic sequence variation does contribute to disease susceptibility and can also influence drug responses (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms).
It promotes diversity and persists over many generations because no single form has an overall advantage or disadvantage over the others in terms of natural selection.
It is originally used to describe visible forms of genes, but now used to include cryptic modes such as blood types, which require a blood test to decode.
In addition to having more than one allele at a specific locus, each allele must also occur in the population at a rate of at least 1% to generally be considered polymorphic.
Gene polymorphisms can occur in any region of the genome.
The majority of polymorphisms are silent, meaning they do not alter the function or expression of a gene.
Some polymorphism is visible. For example, in dogs the E locus, can have any of five different alleles, known as E, Em, Eg, Eh, and e. Varying combinations of these alleles contribute to the pigmentation and patterns seen in dog coats.
Human blood groups is also a polymorphic effect.
Human skin color is influenced by an intergenic DNA polymorphism regulating transcription of the nearby BNC2 pigmentation gene.
Instructions for Written Assignment 2For the second (and final.docx
Instructions for Written Assignment 2
For the second (and final!) writing assignment, you get to select
one
of the five articles below. Take a brief look at each of the articles to see which one appears the most interesting to
you
. As with the previous written assignment, read the selected article and write a 3-4 page paper (double-spaced, 10-12 pt font, 1000-1500 words) for submission. Each paper should consist primarily of a review of the article (tell me what the article was about), with a short discussion at the end (1/2 page or 2-3 paragraphs)
Do not cut-n-paste from the text or other sources, and please do not include quotations. For the discussion section, pick out and discuss some aspect of the article that you found to be the most interesting, surprising, and/or problematic. Please discuss why this topic was noteworthy to you. Feel free to express your personal opinions, including agreement or disagreement with the arguments (and your reasoning behind these stances).
Again, don't worry about a particular 'style' (e.g., APA, Chicago), but do use college-level grammar, paragraph and sentence formatting, etc.
This the Article
The Article 8. The 2% Difference
If you find yourself sitting close to a chimpanzee, staring face to face and making sustained eye contact, something interesting happens, something that is alternately moving, bewildering, and kind of creepy. When you gaze at this beast, you suddenly realize that the face gazing back is that of a sentient individual, who is recognizably kin. You can't help but wonder, What's the matter with those intelligent design people?
Chimpanzees are close relatives to humans, but they're not identical to us. We are not chimps. Chimps excel at climbing trees, but we beat them hands down at balance-beam routines; they are covered in hair, while we have only the occasional guy with really hairy shoulders. The core differences, however, arise from how we use our brains. Chimps have complex social lives, play power politics, betray and murder each other, make tools, and teach tool use across generations in a way that qualifies as culture. They can even learn to do logic operations with symbols, and they have a relative sense of numbers. Yet those behaviors don't remotely approach the complexity and nuance of human behaviors, and in my opinion there's not the tiniest bit of scientific evidence that chimps have aesthetics, spirituality, or a capacity for irony or poignancy.
What accounts for those differences? A few years ago, the most ambitious project in the history of biology was carried out: the sequencing of the human genome. Then just four months ago, a team of researchers reported that they had likewise sequenced the complete chimpanzee genome. Scientists have long known that chimps and humans share about 98 percent of their DNA. At last, however, one can sit down with two scrolls of computer printout, march through the two genomes, and see exactly where our 2 percent differe.
One brain area in which neurogenesis is especially apparent is the.pdf
One brain area in which neurogenesis is especially apparent is the:
A.amygdala
B.thalamus
c.hypothalamus
D.hippocampus
Solution
The adult neurogenesis among mammals was initially found majorly in the dentate gyrus (DG)
part of the hippocampus. Lately, the minimal contribution of amygdala and hypothalamus has
been also studied.
Therefore, the correct option is: D-hippocampus.
Ive used op amps as comparators a number of times because of the e.pdf
I\'ve used op amps as comparators a number of times because of the easy availability (they can
be purchased 4 op amps to the IC package) so one was used as a comparator while the other
three for other purposes. But there are units made that are actually called comparators. Is there
something different about these - not just ordinary op amps?
Solution
there is no difference it is just ordinary op amps.
More Related Content
Similar to Describe or explain how SNPs in gens at evolutionary conserved break.pdf
GWAS
Genome-wide association study (GWAS) technology has been a primary method for identifying the genes responsible for diseases and other traits for the past ten years. GWAS continues to be highly relevant as a scientific method. Over 2,000 human GWAS reports now appear in scientific journals. Our free eBook aims to explain the basic steps and concepts to complete a GWAS experiment.
Example OneDiscuss how new discoveries in genetics are contr.docx
Example One
Discuss how new discoveries in genetics are contributing to our understanding of the HIV virus
and how some folks exposed to HIV have been able to escape developing AIDS.
The HIV virus daily infects 14,000 people, however some individuals’ odds of contracting the
virus are very low. Dr. Donald Mosier of the Script Institute was puzzled by this and launched a
genetic study to determine why certain individuals are resistant to the HIV virus. What Dr.
Mosier discovered was the resistant people inherited a deletion mutation that gave them
protection. Within the deletion mutation, the receptor CCR5, is excluded. This deleted section
of the CCR5 receptor functions as a lock, therefore people born with the mutation will not get
the HIV virus. Those individuals that are homozygous – have two copies of the same deletion
gene, are immune to the virus and are protected. Individuals that are heterozygous – have two
different genes – have some protection from HIV because their body have half the “locks.” Dr.
Mosier further studied populations and discovered the deleted mutation was higher in certain
parts of the world and among Caucasians.
Explain the genetic connection between phenotype and genotype discovered by Mendel in the
19th century.
Genetics helps to understand human diversity, not only in today’s world but in the past as well.
When studying genetics it is important to understand the relationship between phenotype and
genotype. A phenotype is defined as an observable physical characteristic whereas a genotype
is the set of specific genes an organism carries (Allen, Anton, Stanford 60). In the video lesson,
Anne Stone commented the phenotype can be impacted by the environment. For example, if
there is not sufficient food or there is disease, this can impact an individual’s height which is a
phenotype. Anthropologist Geneticist Joanna Mountain explained a phenotype can be
“measurements and anything we can describe about a person from appearance to metabolism.”
Utilizing the garden pea plant to conduct his experiment, Gregor Mendel was able to recognize
traits were passed on from parents to offspring. He knew traits were inherited but did not know
how this inheritance worked. Mendel’s Principles of Segregation which states in an organism,
alleles occurs in pairs and when gametes sex cells get produced, alleles separate so each
gamete contains one member of each pair. Further experiments by Mendel lead him to
conclude in a unit of inheritance, meaning offspring received receive genes from each parent.
Theses principles laid the foundation for future scientists to study inheritance.
Vocabulary
Phenotype – observable characteristics; expression of genetic instructions; something you can
measure
Genotype – genetic make-up of an individual; every person has a unique genotype made of
genes inherited from parents
Recessive – a masked trait or covered up
Dominant – mask recessive characteristics
P ...
Evolution and the 98% Chimpanzee
This presentation will address the claim that humans share up to 98% of the same DNA with chimpanzees.
DNA Methylation & C Value.pdf
The Role of Methylation in Gene Expression & The law of DNA constancy and C-value paradox
clinical implications -C.pptxfhfhfdjhfdgjf
ferklkjdfdjkfuifjfhjefbrfgqpruifhfhrjkfgrpuifufhjfrfgqpifhufrjgpiqufhjrfguipqfpiufjrfprqfpifhjrfpruigpqrifhurfquprifguiqfjrgfqruiegpiqehfpuqigfuiqfuipqefuiegfuuiqwefpuefgpuiqweiufhiueqguiqufugriewguirurgirrhffgurehfpruieguirghfuihpuiwfgwgfwfprfhpuriwfjkwfhjwhfioprhuiruityuefrfpcrvprgpieuwuriqgqfhruihfguerwhurbrvwruieguieruirffrefwreuiferfhuillllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjgggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggguuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuurrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrroooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffdssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiirrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr
Genetic polymorphism
DNA sequence variations are sometimes described as mutations and sometimes as polymorphisms. A gene is said to be polymorphic if more than one allele occupies that gene's locus within a population.
Polymorphic sequence variants usually do not cause overt debilitating diseases. Many are found outside of genes and are completely neutral in effect. Others may be found within genes, but may influence characteristics such as height and hair colour rather than characteristics of medical importance.
However, polymorphic sequence variation does contribute to disease susceptibility and can also influence drug responses (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms).
It promotes diversity and persists over many generations because no single form has an overall advantage or disadvantage over the others in terms of natural selection.
It is originally used to describe visible forms of genes, but now used to include cryptic modes such as blood types, which require a blood test to decode.
In addition to having more than one allele at a specific locus, each allele must also occur in the population at a rate of at least 1% to generally be considered polymorphic.
Gene polymorphisms can occur in any region of the genome.
The majority of polymorphisms are silent, meaning they do not alter the function or expression of a gene.
Some polymorphism is visible. For example, in dogs the E locus, can have any of five different alleles, known as E, Em, Eg, Eh, and e. Varying combinations of these alleles contribute to the pigmentation and patterns seen in dog coats.
Human blood groups is also a polymorphic effect.
Human skin color is influenced by an intergenic DNA polymorphism regulating transcription of the nearby BNC2 pigmentation gene.
Instructions for Written Assignment 2For the second (and final.docx
Instructions for Written Assignment 2
For the second (and final!) writing assignment, you get to select
one
of the five articles below. Take a brief look at each of the articles to see which one appears the most interesting to
you
. As with the previous written assignment, read the selected article and write a 3-4 page paper (double-spaced, 10-12 pt font, 1000-1500 words) for submission. Each paper should consist primarily of a review of the article (tell me what the article was about), with a short discussion at the end (1/2 page or 2-3 paragraphs)
Do not cut-n-paste from the text or other sources, and please do not include quotations. For the discussion section, pick out and discuss some aspect of the article that you found to be the most interesting, surprising, and/or problematic. Please discuss why this topic was noteworthy to you. Feel free to express your personal opinions, including agreement or disagreement with the arguments (and your reasoning behind these stances).
Again, don't worry about a particular 'style' (e.g., APA, Chicago), but do use college-level grammar, paragraph and sentence formatting, etc.
This the Article
The Article 8. The 2% Difference
If you find yourself sitting close to a chimpanzee, staring face to face and making sustained eye contact, something interesting happens, something that is alternately moving, bewildering, and kind of creepy. When you gaze at this beast, you suddenly realize that the face gazing back is that of a sentient individual, who is recognizably kin. You can't help but wonder, What's the matter with those intelligent design people?
Chimpanzees are close relatives to humans, but they're not identical to us. We are not chimps. Chimps excel at climbing trees, but we beat them hands down at balance-beam routines; they are covered in hair, while we have only the occasional guy with really hairy shoulders. The core differences, however, arise from how we use our brains. Chimps have complex social lives, play power politics, betray and murder each other, make tools, and teach tool use across generations in a way that qualifies as culture. They can even learn to do logic operations with symbols, and they have a relative sense of numbers. Yet those behaviors don't remotely approach the complexity and nuance of human behaviors, and in my opinion there's not the tiniest bit of scientific evidence that chimps have aesthetics, spirituality, or a capacity for irony or poignancy.
What accounts for those differences? A few years ago, the most ambitious project in the history of biology was carried out: the sequencing of the human genome. Then just four months ago, a team of researchers reported that they had likewise sequenced the complete chimpanzee genome. Scientists have long known that chimps and humans share about 98 percent of their DNA. At last, however, one can sit down with two scrolls of computer printout, march through the two genomes, and see exactly where our 2 percent differe.
Similar to Describe or explain how SNPs in gens at evolutionary conserved break.pdf (20)
Example OneDiscuss how new discoveries in genetics are contr.docx
Example OneDiscuss how new discoveries in genetics are contr.docx
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Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms And The Causes And Effects...
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Instructions for Written Assignment 2For the second (and final.docx
Instructions for Written Assignment 2For the second (and final.docx
More from erremmfab
One brain area in which neurogenesis is especially apparent is the.pdf
One brain area in which neurogenesis is especially apparent is the:
A.amygdala
B.thalamus
c.hypothalamus
D.hippocampus
Solution
The adult neurogenesis among mammals was initially found majorly in the dentate gyrus (DG)
part of the hippocampus. Lately, the minimal contribution of amygdala and hypothalamus has
been also studied.
Therefore, the correct option is: D-hippocampus.
Ive used op amps as comparators a number of times because of the e.pdf
I\'ve used op amps as comparators a number of times because of the easy availability (they can
be purchased 4 op amps to the IC package) so one was used as a comparator while the other
three for other purposes. But there are units made that are actually called comparators. Is there
something different about these - not just ordinary op amps?
Solution
there is no difference it is just ordinary op amps.
Is there any reason that mitosis could not occur in a cell whose gen.pdf
Is there any reason that mitosis could not occur in a cell whose genome is haploid? Why or why
not? Relate your answer to the way chromosomes line up for metaphase in mitosis.
Solution
Answer:
Haploid cells can undergo mitosis. It is beneficial for some plants and protists, the end result is
two identical haploid cells (nn).
Some plants use the alternation of generations reproductive cycle. A haploid gamete is
mitotically reproduced. Mitosis is much quicker than meiosis, allowing for many haploid
gametes to be produced. Example: Gametophyte of Bryophyte plants. It is produced from mitotic
cell division of spores, which are produced by meiosis in sporophytes.
During S-phase, DNA gets duplicated with each chromosome containing 4 chromatids. The
chromosomes line up at the center of the cell during metaphase. The centromeres split and divide
each chromosome into two which migrate to the opposite poles during anaphase..
In fruit flies, the brown gene, which controls eye color, is located .pdf
In fruit flies, the brown gene, which controls eye color, is located on an autosome. Brown
mutants (bw) have brown eyes, while wild-type flies (bw^+) have red eyes. A gene on the X
chromosome, miniature, controls wing size. Miniature wings are caused by the m allele, which is
recessive to the allele for normal wings (m^+). True-breeding miniature-winged, red-eyed
females are crossed to true-breeding normal-winged, brown-eyed males. Predict the phenotypes
(including their ratios of the F1 flies. If the F1 flies are intercrossed with each other, what
phenotypes will appear in the F2 and in what proportions?
Solution
1.
Phenotype
Normal wings Red Eyes 4418
Miniature wings Brown eyes 4330
Normal wings Brown eyes 610
Miniature wings Red eyes 590
2. The F1 was self-crossed to give rise to the F2 generation. Of these offspring, 3/4 had brown
eyes while 1/4 had Red eyes. Phenotypic ratio is 3:1.
In a population of Gouldian Finches, 1200 have a white breast colora.pdf
In a population of Gouldian Finches, 1200 have a white breast coloration and 800 have purple
breast coloration. The population is at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and breast color is
determined by a single mutation at one locus. What is the frequency of the dominant genotype if
purple is the dominant trait?
Solution
1200 have white. Let the symbol for recessive trait be \"p\" and that for dominant trait be \"P\".
So, genotype of 1200 finches will be \"pp\".
Total finches=1200+800=2000
According to HW equilibrium, q^2=pp=1200/2000=0.6
q= 0.6
p=(1-q)=(1-.77)=0.23=frequency of dominant phenotype.
IL 0 Group II Group I Select GP I Select GP II Solution Basic P.pdf
IL 0 Group II Group I Select GP I Select GP II
Solution
Basic Pneumatic Circuitry For control and automation 2. Contents Introduction Symbols
Circuit layout Actuator control 2/2 Valve Actuator control 3/2 Valve Actuator control 5/2 Valve
Sequential control Sequence solution 5/3 Valves Poppet/spool logic Balanced spool logic
Feedback Click the section to advance directly to it 3. Introduction This module shows the
methods of application of pneumatic valves and components for control and automation The
methods of pure pneumatic sequential control are confined to simple examples The majority of
modern systems are controlled electronically and is the subject of electropneumatic modules A
message to pneumatic circuit designers: Use proven and reliable design techniques Produce
circuits and documentation that are clear to read Design for safety Do not try to be too clever, the
circuit will be difficult for others to read and maintain 4. Symbols The standard for fluid
power symbols is ISO 1219-1. This is a set of basic shapes and rules for the construction of fluid
power symbols Cylinders can be drawn to show their extreme or intermediate positions of stroke
and any length above their width Valves show all states in the one symbol. The prevailing state is
shown with the port connections Other components are single state symbols 5. Symbols single
acting actuators Single acting, sprung instroked Single acting, sprung outstroked Single acting,
sprung instroked, magnetic Single acting, sprung outstroked, magnetic 6. Symbols double acting
actuators Double acting, noncushioned Double acting, adjustable cushions Double acting,
through rod, adjustable cushions Double acting, magnetic, adjustable cushions Double acting,
rodless, magnetic, adjustable cushions 7. Symbols rotary actuators Semi-rotary double acting
Rotary motor single direction of rotation Rotary motor bidirectional 8. Symbols valves 2/2
Valve push button / spring 3/2 Valve detented lever operated 1 3/2 Valve push button / spring 2
10 12 2 10 12 3 2 10 12 3 1 1 9. Symbols valves 3/2 Valve differential pressure operated 2 12 3
10 1 5/2 Valve push button / spring 5/3 Valve double pressure operated spring centre 14 4 5 4 2 5
1 3 2 12 1 3 10. Symbols valves A valve function is known by a pair of numbers e.g. 3/2. This
indicates the valve has 3 main ports and 2 states The valve symbol shows both of the states Port
numbering is to CETOP RP68P and shows: when the valve is operated at the 12 end port 1 is
connected to port 2 when reset to the normal state at the 10 end port 1 is connected to nothing (0)
2 12 10 3 1 11. Symbols valves A valve function is known by a pair of numbers e.g. 3/2. This
indicates the valve has 3 main ports and 2 states The valve symbol shows both of the states Port
numbering is to CETOP RP68P and shows: when the valve is operated at the 12 end port 1 is
connected to port 2 when reset to the normal state at the 10 end port 1 is connected to nothing (0)
2 12 10 3 1 12. Symbols val.
If noncovalent interactions such as hydrogen bonds are so weak , how.pdf
If noncovalent interactions such as hydrogen bonds are so weak , how are they able to hold
molecules in a particular conformation and hold two molecules (such as enzyme and substrate)
together?
Solution
The non-covalent interactions are weak forces like hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interactions,
electrostatic interactions, and Vander Waals forces. Conformations in the structure of proteins at
secondary and tertiary level are due to extensive hydrogen bonding. Though individually weak,
these non-covalent interactions are able to hold molecules in a particular conformation because,
they occur in large numbers. When a substrate binds to an enzyme, the attractive forces between
the substrate and the enzyme alter the enzyme\'s conformation. As the substrate approaches the
active site, these non-covalent interactions cause the active site to bend into such a shape that the
substrate molecule closely fits into it. As the shape of the active site changes, it produces changes
in the shape of other regions of the enzyme molecule altering the overall conformation of the
enzyme. The conformational change in the enzyme allows the formation of more non-covalent
interactions, which hold the two molecules together..
How is the address of the individual of an array foundSolution.pdf
How is the address of the individual of an array found?
Solution
An array is a type of variable in C programming, one that you can examine for its size and
address. Now you uncover the deep, dark secret of beholding an array’s address.
The source code from Where the Array Lurks shows a teensy program that declares an int array
and then displays that array’s location in memory..
Given the following information (ignore the top posts on the LEGO br.pdf
Given the following information (ignore the top posts on the LEGO bricks):
The short blocks have a thickness of 3.20±.01 mm
The tall blocks have a thickness of 9.60±.01 mm
When the stack is the TALLEST: What would the maximum size of these gaps be?
Solution
I a little confuse with this, but with the gaps I think that you are talking about the separation
between them? if you put the tallest form, the tolerance is 0.02 mm, so this would be, but I don´t
really sure.
Gene Splicing -1. DNA is made up of two separate strands of base s.pdf
Gene Splicing -
1. DNA is made up of two separate strands of base sequences. The same sequence is found on
both strands, but running in opposite directions. What word describes this characteristic?
2. What does the term “sticky ends” refer to in gene splicing?
3. What is a plasmid? How is a plasmid used in gene splicing?
4. What types of vectors are used to carry DNA from one species into the DNA of another
species? Give examples.
5. What is a “transgenic organism”? Give examples
6. Why is it essential that the same restriction enzyme be used to cleave (cut) the DNA of both
organisms used to create a transgenic organism?
7. Are there any factors other than technical ones that might slow — or even prevent — the use
of bioengineering?
Solution
1, The sequences present in both the strands of DNA running in opposite direction are called
ANTIPARALLEL AND COMPLEMENTARY STRANDS.
2. STICKY ENDS refer to the DNA which has some extra nucleotides in one strand and
overhangs extra than another strand. The nucleotides of the sticly ends are unpaired.
3. PLASMID : plasmid is an extrachromosomal materia present in the bacteris. These are
autonoously replication circular genetic materials, characteristic of bacteris. Plasmids are used as
vectors in recombinant DNA technology. Plasmids carry genes for antibiotic resistance and some
other colony selection traits.
4. VECTORS:
following types of vectors are used:.
For each of these functions, is it one-to-one Is it onto For each .pdf
For each of these functions, is it one-to-one? Is it onto? For each of these functions, is it one-to-
one? Is it onto? For each of these functions, is it one-to-one? Is it onto? (recall that the range [0.
infinite) is the non-negative real numbers)
Solution
all functions are onto function because all functions have square operation..
Find all roots of Re(arcsinh(z)) = 0, where z is the complex number,.pdf
Find all roots of Re(arcsinh(z)) = 0, where z is the complex number, z = x + iy.
Solution
a) Write z = x + iy and separate sin(z) into real and imaginary parts: sin(z) = sin(x + iy) = sin(x)
cos(iy) + cos(x) sin(iy) = sin(x) cosh(y) + i cos(x) sinh(y) = i ? ( sin(x) cosh(y) = 0 cos(x) sinh(y)
= 1 The first equation gives x = n?, n = 0,.
Discuss the history of operations, information, systems, and conting.pdf
Discuss the history of operations, information, systems, and contingency management.
Solution
Answer 1. History of Operation Management
History of Operation Management has undergone many stages that shows shifts in thinking with
the evolution of management.
a. Pre-Industrial Stage:
This stage was prior to Industrial revolution. It was cotton-based guild system. The production of
goods took place in homes or cottages. The craftsmen guided apprentices to perform better hand
work.
b. Post-Industrial Revolution Era
An Industrial Revolution came into existence during 18th century and its impact spread to all
European nations and United States. Industrial Revolution led to two major developments in
Operation Management. First is widespread replacement of human power with machine power.
Secondly, the factories were established everywhere for operations. Lot of inventions were made
during that period.Gasoline and electricity were invented in 1800s. Old cottage systems were
replaced by factory system. Mass production came into existence.
The operation management history can be divided into five stages
Answer 2. History of Information Management
Information management has its history, its origin dated back to post-industrial era. With mass
production all over, the people were feeling the need for information exchange in more
formalized manner. In those days the information management was only in germ phase i.e. the
records were maintained properly handwritten on papers in the files.
Not later after, the writing machines were replaced by computers. In 1970s, the computers could
all do was file management. But the employees were able to retrieve information accurately and
speedily.
During 1990s, the information management was dealt only by high qualified employees of the
companies. It maintained important documents of the company. After 2000, the information
management itself became a profession. The companies specializing in data protection are
outsourced with the file management job. During these years, the information management has
become more efficient, more accurate with high speed of process..
Dr. Butthead received a new cell line and he wants to see which cult.pdf
Dr. Butthead received a new cell line and he wants to see which culture media grows the cells
the best. He cultures them in a supplemented (s) and complete (c) media. After 2 days he dilutes
a sample from each flask 1/2 (100uL of cells + 100 uL of trypan blue) His hemacytometer counts
for S are 15,14,19,12 and C are 92,100,95,and 84.
1. Which is the concentration of cells in each flask? (cell per mL)
2. Which media works best? explain why?
3. cells must be fed if they are too concentrated (ie 1x10^6 cells/ml). Does either flask need to be
fed? if yes why and describe how to dilute the cells to 5x10^4 cell/ml in a volume of 10 mL.
Thank you for your help
Solution
1. Which is the concentration of cells in each flask? (cell per mL)
Dilution factor =2
Supplemented (s)
Cell/mL=(15+14+19+12)/4 x dilution factor x 10^ 4
=30 x 10^ 4 cells/mL
Complete (c) media
Cell/mL=(92+100+95+84)/4 x dilution factor x 10^ 4
=185.5 x 10^ 4 cells/mL
2. Which media works best? explain why?
Complete (c) media works best since it promotes cell proliferation better than supplemented
media.
3. cells must be fed if they are too concentrated (ie 1x10^6 cells/ml). Does either flask need to be
fed? if yes why and describe how to dilute the cells to 5x10^4 cell/ml in a volume of 10 mL.
Cells in the Complete (c) media needs to be fed since the it is too concentrated
Stock of cells = 185.5 x 10^ 4 cells/mL
Required = 5 x10^4 cell/ml
Volume = 10 mL
C1V1= C2V2
(stock) (required)
V1=C2V2/C1
V1 = ( 5 x10^4 X 10 mL )/ 185.5 x 10^ 4
=0.27 mL
0.27 mL of stock + 9.73 mL of media gives 10 mL of media with 5 x10^4 cell/ml concentration.
create a binary search tree from an empty one by adding the key valu.pdf
create a binary search tree from an empty one by adding the key value alphabetically in c++
Solution
//Binary Search Tree Program
#include
#include
using namespace std;
class BinarySearchTree
{
private:
struct tree_node //structure to hold Binary search tree
{
tree_node* left;
tree_node* right;
int data;
};
tree_node* root;
public:
BinarySearchTree() //constructor of Binary search tree
{
root = NULL;
}
//function declarations
bool isEmpty() const { return root==NULL; }
void print_inorder();
void inorder(tree_node*);
void print_preorder();
void preorder(tree_node*);
void print_postorder();
void postorder(tree_node*);
void insert(int);
void remove(int);
};
// Smaller elements go left
// larger elements go right
void BinarySearchTree::insert(int d) //insert function to BST
{
tree_node* t = new tree_node;
tree_node* parent;
t->data = d;
t->left = NULL;
t->right = NULL;
parent = NULL;
// is this a new tree?
if(isEmpty()) root = t;
else
{
//Note: ALL insertions are as leaf nodes
tree_node* curr;
curr = root;
// Find the Node\'s parent
while(curr)
{
parent = curr;
if(t->data > curr->data) curr = curr->right;
else curr = curr->left;
}
if(t->data < parent->data)
parent->left = t;
else
parent->right = t;
}
}
void BinarySearchTree::remove(int d)
{
//Locate the element
bool found = false;
if(isEmpty())
{
cout<<\" This Tree is empty! \"<data == d)
{
found = true;
break;
}
else
{
parent = curr;
if(d>curr->data) curr = curr->right;
else curr = curr->left;
}
}
if(!found)
{
cout<<\" Data not found! \"<left == NULL && curr->right != NULL)|| (curr->left !=
NULL
&& curr->right == NULL))
{
if(curr->left == NULL && curr->right != NULL)
{
if(parent->left == curr)
{
parent->left = curr->right;
delete curr;
}
else
{
parent->right = curr->right;
delete curr;
}
}
else // left child present, no right child
{
if(parent->left == curr)
{
parent->left = curr->left;
delete curr;
}
else
{
parent->right = curr->left;
delete curr;
}
}
return;
}
//We\'re looking at a leaf node
if( curr->left == NULL && curr->right == NULL)
{
if(parent->left == curr) parent->left = NULL;
else parent->right = NULL;
delete curr;
return;
}
//Node with 2 children
// replace node with smallest value in right subtree
if (curr->left != NULL && curr->right != NULL)
{
tree_node* chkr;
chkr = curr->right;
if((chkr->left == NULL) && (chkr->right == NULL))
{
curr = chkr;
delete chkr;
curr->right = NULL;
}
else // right child has children
{
//if the node\'s right child has a left child
// Move all the way down left to locate smallest element
if((curr->right)->left != NULL)
{
tree_node* lcurr;
tree_node* lcurrp;
lcurrp = curr->right;
lcurr = (curr->right)->left;
while(lcurr->left != NULL)
{
lcurrp = lcurr;
lcurr = lcurr->left;
}
curr->data = lcurr->data;
delete lcurr;
lcurrp->left = NULL;
}
else
{
tree_node* tmp;
tmp = curr->right;
curr->data = tmp->data;
curr->right = tmp->right;
delete tmp;
}
}
return;
}
}
void BinarySearchTree::print_inorder()
{
inorder(root);
}
void BinarySearchTree::inorder(tree_node* p) .
Data Analysis correlation. A correlation R in regression analysis t.pdf
Data Analysis correlation. A correlation R in regression analysis that would he generated if
only one independent variable were considered at a time. You will recall that the Multiple R is
just the square root of R square. So the correlations shown in figure 13.21 are essentially the
square roots of the amount of variance shared between each of the variables shown.
Solution
The tables shows the multicollinearity among the variables only. The table does not reveals
anything. In the sense we cannnot make any predictions. So, the correlation coefficients in this
table represents only positive or negative association between the predictor variable..
Conduct outside reading on Salla disease. Explain its underlying mole.pdf
Conduct outside reading on Salla disease. Explain its underlying molecular biology, cause,
signs, symptoms and progression of the disease. Address whether any cures have been found. If
yes describe them. If no explain why this is the case.
Solution
Salla disease is a type of allelic disorder which falls under sialic acid storage disease
characterized by a delay in development, ataxia, and some dysmorphic features. Additional signs
are hypopigmentation of skin and hair, mild skeletal dysplasias, and course facial features.There
is an accumulation of the charged monosaccharide sialic acid (N-acetylneuraminic acid) in
lysosomes as a result of which sialic acid cannot be transported out of lysosomes.The mode of
inheritence is autosomal recessive disease. The diagnosis is dependent upon the raised excretion
of sialic acid in urine. Electron microscopic studies of reveal a lot about it.
There is actually a homozygous missense mutation in SLC17A5 which codes for the transport
protein called sialin. People with salla disease have normal life span but remain differently abled.
There is no cure for this disease as its a homozygous missense mutation which is having dual
mode of action-either altering the amino acids in translated proteins or else remaining silent.
References
1. Gorlin, R,J., Cohen, M,M., & Hennekam, R,C,M. (2001). Syndromes of the head and
neck.New York: Oxford university press.
2. Barness, E,G., Barness,L,A., & Farrell, P,M. (2017). Metabolic diseases. Amsterdam:IOS
press BV..
Can we accept mobile apps as a part of data communication networks.pdf
Can we accept mobile apps as a part of data communication networks?
Solution
Answer:
Yes, we accept mobile apps as a part of data communication because mobile computing involves
mobile communication. It allows transmission of data like texts , audio , vedio and now a days
VoIP calls are made through the mobile apps. There are many mobiles apps which gives the
services like voice over the internet. Thus mobile apps play a very important role in data
communication network..
At absolute temperature T, a black body radiates its peak intensity a.pdf
At absolute temperature T, a black body radiates its peak intensity at wavelength lambda At
absolute temperature 2T, what would be the wavelength of the peak intensity?
Solution
For a particular black body, accoring to wein law
T=Constant
When Temperature equal to 2T,
(2T)= constant . this is possible only when =/2
/2 (2T)= T= constant
Answer :=/2.
An unsaturated solution of Na2SO4 is present in equilibrium with its.pdf
An unsaturated solution of Na2SO4 is present in equilibrium with its vapor in a closed vessel. (a)
How many phases and components are present? (b) What is the number of degrees of freedom of
the system? Identify the independent variables
Solution
No. of components = 2 (Na2SO4 and water - as each phase can be described by these two
components only)
No. of phases = 3 ( solid and liquid and vapor)
degrees of freedom = 2-3+2 = 1.
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• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
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