Unlocking the Legacy: The untapped value of data in taxonomic literature #pibmeimillerjeremya
Unlocking the Legacy: The untapped value of data in taxonomic literature
Jeremy Miller, Donat Agosti, Guido Sautter Terry Catapano, David King, Serrano Pereira, Rutger Vos, Soraya Sierra
pro-iBiosphere final conference, 12 June 2014, Bouchart Castle, Meise, Belgium
Unlocking the Legacy: The untapped value of data in taxonomic literature #pibmeimillerjeremya
Unlocking the Legacy: The untapped value of data in taxonomic literature
Jeremy Miller, Donat Agosti, Guido Sautter Terry Catapano, David King, Serrano Pereira, Rutger Vos, Soraya Sierra
pro-iBiosphere final conference, 12 June 2014, Bouchart Castle, Meise, Belgium
When Charles Darwin finished emThe Origin of Speciesem he thought that he had explained every clue but one. Though his theory could explain many facts Darwin knew that there was a significant event in the history of life that his theory did not explain. During this event the FULLBOOK 8220ReadCambrian explosion FULLBOOK 8221Read many animals suddenly appeared in the fossil record without apparent ancestors in earlier layers of rock. spReadIn emDarwin FULLBOOK 8217Reads Doubtem Stephen C. Meyer tells the story of the mystery surrounding this explosion of animal life FULLBOOK 8212Reada mystery that has intensified not only because the expected ancestors of these animals have not been found but because scientists have learned more about what it takes to construct an animal. During the last half century biologists have come to appreciate the central importance of biological information FULLBOOK 8212Readstored in DNA and elsewhere in cells FULLBOOK 8212Readto building animal forms.Expanding
Science Academy (Summer 2016) - Gardner-Webb UniversityJay Zimmer
This is a wonderful 5-day science camp at Gardner-Webb University. Local high school students attend and participate in hands-on science activities in forensics, human physiology, and molecular biology. They also spend time at the Rutherford County Forensics Department, Rutherford Regional Health System, and Cohesion Phenomics DNA Lab. While on campus they experience college life and are provided with information on how to prepare for college as well as how to select a college. Any high school student interested in a career in science or medicine would benefit greatly from this camp. The cost of the camp would be $400, but because of a generous grant from the Stonecutter Foundation, it only cost students around $50.
What to know how you're related to a brown rat? Interpret this infographic to find out.
Register to explore the whole course here: https://school.bighistoryproject.com/bhplive?WT.mc_id=Slideshare12202017
Work in progress for the Altmetrics16 Workshop at the 3AM (altmetrics conference), Bucharest, Romania on Sept 27, 2016 with Kim Holmberg, Julia Vainio, and Sarah Bowman from Wayne State University and University of Turku, Finland
This ppt clarifies the differences and similarities of DNA of human and ape. Gives a conclusion that how the minimum differences gives major differences among human and ape.
Describe or explain how SNPs in gens at evolutionary conserved break.pdferremmfab
Describe or explain how SNPs in gens at evolutionary conserved breakpoints can lead to
dramatic phenotypic differences between species like chimpanzees and humans even though
their genomes are 98% similar? Provide and describe or explain an example of one gene with
SNP differences between gorillas and humans that might have resulted changes between humans
and apes.
Solution
A DNA sequence is a linear combination of four nucleotides. The two sequences when compared
position by position, and wherever a different nucleotides at the same position occurs, that\'s a
SNP. SNPs reflect past mutations that were mostly (but not exclusively) unique events, and two
individuals sharing a variant allele are thereby marked with a common evolutionary heritage.
Analysis of shared pattern of SNP variation can identify the genes similar to our ancestors.
Although humans and chimps have many identical genes, they often use them in different ways.
Same gene can be expressed more in humans and less in chimps. The same genes are expressed
in the same brain regions in human, chimp and gorilla, but in different amounts thereby resulting
in difference in brain activity. Thousands of differences like these affect brain development and
function, and help explain why the human brain is larger and smarter.
The chimpanzee immune system is surprisingly similar to ours. Most viruses that cause diseases
like AIDS and hepatitis in human can also infect chimpanzees. In case of malaria parasite which
can be transmitted by mosquito bite in human does not infect chimps. A small DNA difference
makes human red blood cells vulnerable to this parasite, while chimp blood cells are resistant.
Also the characteristic of speech in human is the result of SNP which is absent in chimps or apes..
When Charles Darwin finished emThe Origin of Speciesem he thought that he had explained every clue but one. Though his theory could explain many facts Darwin knew that there was a significant event in the history of life that his theory did not explain. During this event the FULLBOOK 8220ReadCambrian explosion FULLBOOK 8221Read many animals suddenly appeared in the fossil record without apparent ancestors in earlier layers of rock. spReadIn emDarwin FULLBOOK 8217Reads Doubtem Stephen C. Meyer tells the story of the mystery surrounding this explosion of animal life FULLBOOK 8212Reada mystery that has intensified not only because the expected ancestors of these animals have not been found but because scientists have learned more about what it takes to construct an animal. During the last half century biologists have come to appreciate the central importance of biological information FULLBOOK 8212Readstored in DNA and elsewhere in cells FULLBOOK 8212Readto building animal forms.Expanding
Science Academy (Summer 2016) - Gardner-Webb UniversityJay Zimmer
This is a wonderful 5-day science camp at Gardner-Webb University. Local high school students attend and participate in hands-on science activities in forensics, human physiology, and molecular biology. They also spend time at the Rutherford County Forensics Department, Rutherford Regional Health System, and Cohesion Phenomics DNA Lab. While on campus they experience college life and are provided with information on how to prepare for college as well as how to select a college. Any high school student interested in a career in science or medicine would benefit greatly from this camp. The cost of the camp would be $400, but because of a generous grant from the Stonecutter Foundation, it only cost students around $50.
What to know how you're related to a brown rat? Interpret this infographic to find out.
Register to explore the whole course here: https://school.bighistoryproject.com/bhplive?WT.mc_id=Slideshare12202017
Work in progress for the Altmetrics16 Workshop at the 3AM (altmetrics conference), Bucharest, Romania on Sept 27, 2016 with Kim Holmberg, Julia Vainio, and Sarah Bowman from Wayne State University and University of Turku, Finland
This ppt clarifies the differences and similarities of DNA of human and ape. Gives a conclusion that how the minimum differences gives major differences among human and ape.
Describe or explain how SNPs in gens at evolutionary conserved break.pdferremmfab
Describe or explain how SNPs in gens at evolutionary conserved breakpoints can lead to
dramatic phenotypic differences between species like chimpanzees and humans even though
their genomes are 98% similar? Provide and describe or explain an example of one gene with
SNP differences between gorillas and humans that might have resulted changes between humans
and apes.
Solution
A DNA sequence is a linear combination of four nucleotides. The two sequences when compared
position by position, and wherever a different nucleotides at the same position occurs, that\'s a
SNP. SNPs reflect past mutations that were mostly (but not exclusively) unique events, and two
individuals sharing a variant allele are thereby marked with a common evolutionary heritage.
Analysis of shared pattern of SNP variation can identify the genes similar to our ancestors.
Although humans and chimps have many identical genes, they often use them in different ways.
Same gene can be expressed more in humans and less in chimps. The same genes are expressed
in the same brain regions in human, chimp and gorilla, but in different amounts thereby resulting
in difference in brain activity. Thousands of differences like these affect brain development and
function, and help explain why the human brain is larger and smarter.
The chimpanzee immune system is surprisingly similar to ours. Most viruses that cause diseases
like AIDS and hepatitis in human can also infect chimpanzees. In case of malaria parasite which
can be transmitted by mosquito bite in human does not infect chimps. A small DNA difference
makes human red blood cells vulnerable to this parasite, while chimp blood cells are resistant.
Also the characteristic of speech in human is the result of SNP which is absent in chimps or apes..
In this paper, we briefly reviewed the numbers in life from a statistical genetic approach. The human genome comprises of 6 billion chemical bases of DNA. The DNA encodes 30,000 genes. It consists of two parts; the nuclear genome; which consists of 3,200,000,000 nucleotides of DNA, divided into 24 linear molecules, the shortest 50,000,000 nucleotides in length and the longest 260,000,000 nucleotides, each contained in a different chromosome and the mitochondrial genome; which contains approximately 16,600 base pairs encoding 37 genes. Most human cells have 46 chromosomes. However, the number of chromosomes in the nuclei of a person with Down syndrome is 47. The DNA of any two people on Earth is 99.6 percent identical, the 0.4 percent variation represents about 20 million base pairs. Almost all 98 percent of the human DNA is noncoding, while in bacteria, only 2% of the genetic material does not code for anything.
Language evolution and genomic imprintingWill Brown
For those of you who cannot make my talk on language evolution today at UCL.
http://www.ucl.ac.uk/anthropology/seminars/
To read the forthcoming paper see below:
http://sociogenomics.wordpress.com/?attachment_id=69
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
1. Questions for 1.05 Early Atmosphere Assignments.
1. What does it mean when scientists say that living
organisms share a universal genetic code? The scientist
means that all living organisms share a genetic code which
all living organisms have a genetic code. Like Humans,
animals , and other species have genetic codes and DNA
2. How does a universal genetic code relate to the
hypotheses about the origin of life on Earth?
The Universal genetic code relates to the hypotheses
because it shares the formed life of earth. Like one true cell
can pass genetic information to one microsphere to
another microsphere.
3. How are self-replicating molecules, such as RNA molecules
in the “RNA World” hypothesis, essential to the most popular
hypotheses about the origin of life on Earth?
Like the RNA cells would pass on their genetic information and
then it would help them explain why the species have the same
or share the genetic codes. Reproduction.
2. 4. How might similarities and differences in genetic codes, or
the proteins built as a result of these codes, be used to
determine how closely related different species are?
It depends on the species DNA compared to another species to
determine if the species are related or not. Like the human and
the rhesus monkey they are closely related because all the
genetic codes have the same DNA except one.
5. Based on the amino acid sequence data, what species do
humans appear to be most closely related to and most
distantly related to? Explain your answer
I would say the Human and the Rhesus Monkey because they
both have the same genetics but they only have different
genetic code at least one genetic code that is different from
the others. The donkey and the horses are distantly related.
