Describe or explain how SNPs in genes at evolutionary conserved brea.pdf
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Describe or explain how SNPs in genes at evolutionary conserved breakpoints can lead to dramatic phenotypic differences between species like chimpanzees and humans even though their genomes are 98% similar? Provide and describe or explain an example of one gene with SNP differences between gorillas and humans that might have resulted changes between humans and apes. Solution SNP ( Single nucleotide polymorphism) is a type of genetic variation among living beings. SNP represents a difference in a single DNA building block i.e, nucleotide. SNP replaces the nucleotide cytosine ( C) With ghe nucleotide thymine (T) in a stetch of DNA. The difference between the two genomes of humans and chimpanzees is actually 4% approximately. This msinly contributes to the phenotypic differences in various species. Humans differbfrom other primates like chimpanzees and apes in cognitive abilities and a significantly larger brain. These correlate with metabolic changes, etc. Example of such genes with SNP differences is 90 TF genes with significant expression levels in humans and chimpanzee brain. Among these KRAB-Zinc finger genes are markedly important. The differentially expressed TFs cluster within robust regulatory network consisting of two distinct but interlinked modules, strongly associated with energy metabolism functions and the others with transcription, vesticular transport and ubiquitination..
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Describe or explain how SNPs in gens at evolutionary conserved break.pdf
Describe or explain how SNPs in gens at evolutionary conserved breakpoints can lead to
dramatic phenotypic differences between species like chimpanzees and humans even though
their genomes are 98% similar? Provide and describe or explain an example of one gene with
SNP differences between gorillas and humans that might have resulted changes between humans
and apes.
Solution
A DNA sequence is a linear combination of four nucleotides. The two sequences when compared
position by position, and wherever a different nucleotides at the same position occurs, that\'s a
SNP. SNPs reflect past mutations that were mostly (but not exclusively) unique events, and two
individuals sharing a variant allele are thereby marked with a common evolutionary heritage.
Analysis of shared pattern of SNP variation can identify the genes similar to our ancestors.
Although humans and chimps have many identical genes, they often use them in different ways.
Same gene can be expressed more in humans and less in chimps. The same genes are expressed
in the same brain regions in human, chimp and gorilla, but in different amounts thereby resulting
in difference in brain activity. Thousands of differences like these affect brain development and
function, and help explain why the human brain is larger and smarter.
The chimpanzee immune system is surprisingly similar to ours. Most viruses that cause diseases
like AIDS and hepatitis in human can also infect chimpanzees. In case of malaria parasite which
can be transmitted by mosquito bite in human does not infect chimps. A small DNA difference
makes human red blood cells vulnerable to this parasite, while chimp blood cells are resistant.
Also the characteristic of speech in human is the result of SNP which is absent in chimps or apes..
DNA Methylation & C Value.pdf
The Role of Methylation in Gene Expression & The law of DNA constancy and C-value paradox
Learning Objectives Block2 1
Learning Objectives for Lectures 24,25, 30&31, 32, 37,38, 40, 43, 44, 45
clinical implications -C.pptxfhfhfdjhfdgjf
ferklkjdfdjkfuifjfhjefbrfgqpruifhfhrjkfgrpuifufhjfrfgqpifhufrjgpiqufhjrfguipqfpiufjrfprqfpifhjrfpruigpqrifhurfquprifguiqfjrgfqruiegpiqehfpuqigfuiqfuipqefuiegfuuiqwefpuefgpuiqweiufhiueqguiqufugriewguirurgirrhffgurehfpruieguirghfuihpuiwfgwgfwfprfhpuriwfjkwfhjwhfioprhuiruityuefrfpcrvprgpieuwuriqgqfhruihfguerwhurbrvwruieguieruirffrefwreuiferfhuillllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjgggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggguuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuurrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrroooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffdssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiirrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr
Dna content,c value paradox, euchromatin heterochromatin, banding pattern
class notes prepared for UG and PG students on DNA
Recommended
Describe or explain how SNPs in gens at evolutionary conserved break.pdf
Describe or explain how SNPs in gens at evolutionary conserved breakpoints can lead to
dramatic phenotypic differences between species like chimpanzees and humans even though
their genomes are 98% similar? Provide and describe or explain an example of one gene with
SNP differences between gorillas and humans that might have resulted changes between humans
and apes.
Solution
A DNA sequence is a linear combination of four nucleotides. The two sequences when compared
position by position, and wherever a different nucleotides at the same position occurs, that\'s a
SNP. SNPs reflect past mutations that were mostly (but not exclusively) unique events, and two
individuals sharing a variant allele are thereby marked with a common evolutionary heritage.
Analysis of shared pattern of SNP variation can identify the genes similar to our ancestors.
Although humans and chimps have many identical genes, they often use them in different ways.
Same gene can be expressed more in humans and less in chimps. The same genes are expressed
in the same brain regions in human, chimp and gorilla, but in different amounts thereby resulting
in difference in brain activity. Thousands of differences like these affect brain development and
function, and help explain why the human brain is larger and smarter.
The chimpanzee immune system is surprisingly similar to ours. Most viruses that cause diseases
like AIDS and hepatitis in human can also infect chimpanzees. In case of malaria parasite which
can be transmitted by mosquito bite in human does not infect chimps. A small DNA difference
makes human red blood cells vulnerable to this parasite, while chimp blood cells are resistant.
Also the characteristic of speech in human is the result of SNP which is absent in chimps or apes..
DNA Methylation & C Value.pdf
The Role of Methylation in Gene Expression & The law of DNA constancy and C-value paradox
Learning Objectives Block2 1
Learning Objectives for Lectures 24,25, 30&31, 32, 37,38, 40, 43, 44, 45
clinical implications -C.pptxfhfhfdjhfdgjf
ferklkjdfdjkfuifjfhjefbrfgqpruifhfhrjkfgrpuifufhjfrfgqpifhufrjgpiqufhjrfguipqfpiufjrfprqfpifhjrfpruigpqrifhurfquprifguiqfjrgfqruiegpiqehfpuqigfuiqfuipqefuiegfuuiqwefpuefgpuiqweiufhiueqguiqufugriewguirurgirrhffgurehfpruieguirghfuihpuiwfgwgfwfprfhpuriwfjkwfhjwhfioprhuiruityuefrfpcrvprgpieuwuriqgqfhruihfguerwhurbrvwruieguieruirffrefwreuiferfhuillllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjgggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggguuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuurrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrroooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffdssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiirrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr
Dna content,c value paradox, euchromatin heterochromatin, banding pattern
class notes prepared for UG and PG students on DNA
Genetic polymorphism
DNA sequence variations are sometimes described as mutations and sometimes as polymorphisms. A gene is said to be polymorphic if more than one allele occupies that gene's locus within a population.
Polymorphic sequence variants usually do not cause overt debilitating diseases. Many are found outside of genes and are completely neutral in effect. Others may be found within genes, but may influence characteristics such as height and hair colour rather than characteristics of medical importance.
However, polymorphic sequence variation does contribute to disease susceptibility and can also influence drug responses (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms).
It promotes diversity and persists over many generations because no single form has an overall advantage or disadvantage over the others in terms of natural selection.
It is originally used to describe visible forms of genes, but now used to include cryptic modes such as blood types, which require a blood test to decode.
In addition to having more than one allele at a specific locus, each allele must also occur in the population at a rate of at least 1% to generally be considered polymorphic.
Gene polymorphisms can occur in any region of the genome.
The majority of polymorphisms are silent, meaning they do not alter the function or expression of a gene.
Some polymorphism is visible. For example, in dogs the E locus, can have any of five different alleles, known as E, Em, Eg, Eh, and e. Varying combinations of these alleles contribute to the pigmentation and patterns seen in dog coats.
Human blood groups is also a polymorphic effect.
Human skin color is influenced by an intergenic DNA polymorphism regulating transcription of the nearby BNC2 pigmentation gene.
Evolution of transposons, genomes, and organisms (Hertweck Fall 2014)
A streamlined version of my research talk from fall 2014 (i.e., WKU Bio Dept seminar). Slightly updated version of my job talk (spring 2014).
Bio263 Lecture 2: Becoming human
Lecture 2: Becoming human
What have comparisons between human and ape genomes taught us about what it means to be human?
Dna of human and great ape
This ppt clarifies the differences and similarities of DNA of human and ape. Gives a conclusion that how the minimum differences gives major differences among human and ape.
Epigenetic
Epigenetic mechanism and advance in technique to study histone modification and Diseases associated with epigenetic
Dna modifications in the mammalian brain
Bio-Synthesis world’s leading Supplier providing commercial Synthetic DNA, custom DNA synthesis services in US.These are RNA analogues which can be synthesized and spiked with DNA or RNA in order to modify the formation of nucleic acid helices. For more Information visit on- http://www.biosyn.com/dna-oligonucleotide-services.aspx
httphrst.mit.eduhrsevolutionpublicprofilesking.htmlh
http://hrst.mit.edu/hrs/evolution/public/profiles/king.html
http://hrst.mit.edu/hrs/evolution/public/profiles/jukes.html
http://hrst.mit.edu/hrs/evolution/public/papers/simpson1964/simpson1964.pdf
http://hrst.mit.edu/hrs/evolution/public/kimura1968/kimura1968.pdf
http://hrst.mit.edu/hrs/evolution/public/papers/kimura1968/kimura1968.pdf
http://hrst.mit.edu/hrs/evolution/public/papers/simpson1964/simpson1964.pdf
DISREGARD:
Evolutionary Rate at the Molecular Level
b y
M O T 0 0 KIMURA
National Institute of Genetics,
Japan
Calculating the rate of evolution in terms of nucleotide substitutions
seems t o give a value so high that many of the mutations involved
must be neutral ones.
COMPARATIVE studies of haemoglobin molecules among change in for a chain consisting of some amino-
different groups of animals suggest that, during the acids. For example, by comparing the and chains of
evolutionary history of mammals, amino-acid substitution man with those of horse, pig, cattle and rabbit, the
has taken place roughly at the rate of one amino-acid figure of one amino-acid change in x was obtained'.
http://hrst.mit.edu/hrs/evolution/public/profiles/kimura.html
http://hrst.mit.edu/hrs/evolution/public/papers/zuckerkandlpauling1965/zuckerkandlpauling1965.pdf
This is roughly equivalent to the rate of one amino-acid
substitution in for a chain consisting of
amino-acids.
A comparable value has been derived from the study
of the haemoglobin of primates. The rate of amino-acid
substitution calculated by comparing mammalian and
avian cytochrome c (consisting of about 100 amino-acids)
turned out to be one replacement in 48 x 106 yr (ref. 3).
Also by comparing the amino-acid composition of human
triosephosphate dehydrogenase with that of rabbit and
figure of a t least one amino-acid substitution
for every X yr can be obtained for the chain con-
sisting of about amino-acids. This figure is roughly
equivalent to the rate of one amino-acid substitution in
x yr for a chain consisting of amino-acids.
Averaging those figures for haemoglobin, cytochrome c
and triosephosphate’ dehydrogenase gives an evolutionary
rate of approximately one substitution in 28 x 108 yr for
a polypeptide chain consisting of 100 amino-acids.
I intend to show that this evolutionary rate, although
appearing to be very low for each polypeptide chain of a
size of cytochrome c, actually amounts t o a very high
rate for the entire genome.
First, the DNA content in each nucleus is roughly the
same among different species of mammals such as man,
cattle and rat (see, for example, ref. 5 ) . Furthermore, we
note that the G-C content of DNA is fairly uniform among
mammals, lying roughly within the range of 40-44 per
These two facts suggest that nucleotide substitution
played a principal part in mammalian evolution.
I n t h e following calculation, I shall assume that the
haploid c ...
Human genetic diversity and origin of major human groups
Humans are 99.9% genetically identical and yet we are all so different. Even monozygotic twins have infrequent genetic differences due to mutations occurring during development and gene copy-number variation.
Chromosomes and molecular cytogenetics of oil palm: impact for breeding and g...
Chromosomes and molecular cytogenetics of oil palm: impact for breeding and g...Pat (JS) Heslop-Harrison
See also related talk Crops, Climate Change and Super-domestication Heslop-Harrison for Oil Palm Breeders symposium on Gearing Oil Palm Breeding and Agronomy for Climate Change: Keynote opening address MPOB PIPOC and PIPOC ISOPB ISOPA
http://www.slideshare.net/PatHeslopHarrison/heslop-harrisoncrops-climatechangesuperdomestication
Molecular cytogenetic analysis of the chromosomes of oil palm allows us to understand their evolution, genetics and segregation, genetic recombination and karyotypic stability. The cytogenetic manipulation of genomes and their chromosomes is often valuable for plant breeders to introduce and exploit new variation. Cytological landmarks such as centromeres, telomeres, heterochromatin and nucleolar organizer regions are important for the integration of physical chromosomes with the DNA sequence information. This linkage of the genetic, chromosomal and physical maps is particularly useful in a long-lived tree crop where genetic mapping requires decades of preparation and the mapping crosses may not be directly relevant to DxP commercial plantings. Repetitive DNA is often the most rapidly evolving genomic component, but is poorly understood from sequence assemblies; molecular cytogenetic studies allow its organization and variation to be studied, and the exploitation of repetitive sequences as markers and, by the amplification and mobility of transposable elements or satellite repeats, in generation of new variation.
Molecular cytogenetic approaches provide tools for oil palm genomic research, comparative genomics and evolutionary studies and further facilitate understanding the inheritance of specific traits in oil palm, including DNA methylation, epigenetics, and somaclonal variation, allowing work with hybrids, haploids and polyploids. Knowledge of the structures and organization of the chromosomes of oil palm, as in many crop species, is valuable for development of new lines, making hybrids, understanding the causes of some abnormalities or infertility, and exploiting variation and biodiversity found in related species or breeding lines.
Further information and slides from the talk will be on our website www.molcyt.com.
match the following attributes to the parts of a compilerstrips ou.pdf
match the following attributes to the parts of a compiler
strips out the comments and whitespace
converts text into lexemes
generates an Abstrat Symbol Tree
recursive descent or table driven
uses BNF or EBNF definitions
a. lexer
b. parser
Solution
The Program and Portfolio Management Maturity Model is an effective tool for organizations to
decide quickly what PPM improvements they should make to enhance their organization\'s
ability to optimize investments, execute big changes and deliver value.
Overview
Key Findings
Real project, program and portfolio management, when operating at the level of well-integrated
practices, is the key enabler that allows organizations to identify and execute strategic change.
Any meaningful undertakings to enhance or evolve the program and portfolio management
(PPM) function must pay more than lip service to organizational structure, business model and
culture to have any chance of success.
Competitive pressures and changing market conditions are forcing organizations toward Level 3,
and most organizations still aren\'t ready to make the leap.
Recommendations
At any level of PPM maturity, focus first on helping the organization make well-informed
investment choices. This will improve the odds of project success more than any other factor.
For organizations that require enterprisewide change and capabilities, it is worth the effort to
pursue Level 4, where enterprise PPM practices are built.
Identify objectives for your enterprise, and use them to identify the most salient improvement
opportunities for your enterprise.
Meticulously manage the change involved in maturing/improving your PPM capabilities.
Analysis
Project/program/portfolio management office (PMO) leaders, program managers and portfolio
managers are frequently challenged by ineffective processes, lack of stakeholder engagement and
difficult-to-quantify value. 1 Part of the problem is failure to match their processes, people and
technology approaches to the maturity level of their organizations. 2
The Gartner Program and Portfolio Management (PPM) Maturity Model assessment is designed
to help PPM leaders understand best practices around large project management, as well as PPM
to handle delivery of strategic value. This model assumes that organizations progress through a
maturity curve and that each level of organizational maturity directly affects the level of
investment and types of PPM approaches organizations choose to adopt.
arsing
A parser is an algorithm that determines whether a given input string is in a language and, as a
side-effect, usually produces a parse tree for the input. There is a procedure for generating a
parser from a given context-free grammar.
Recursive-Descent Parsing
Recursive-descent parsing is one of the simplest parsing techniques that is used in practice.
Recursive-descent parsers are also called top-down parsers, since they construct the parse tree
top down (rather than bottom up).
The basic idea of recursive-descent par.
Multiple-Choice Which one is a discrete variableRadius of a ball.pdf
Multiple-Choice: Which one is a discrete variable?
Radius of a ball in an urn
Weight of a ball in an urn
Diameter of a ball in an urn
Number of balls in an urn
Solution
A discrete variable can only take up some specific values.
Hence,
OPTION D: Number of balls in an urn [ANSWER]
as it can only take integer values..
More Related Content
Similar to Describe or explain how SNPs in genes at evolutionary conserved brea.pdf
Genetic polymorphism
DNA sequence variations are sometimes described as mutations and sometimes as polymorphisms. A gene is said to be polymorphic if more than one allele occupies that gene's locus within a population.
Polymorphic sequence variants usually do not cause overt debilitating diseases. Many are found outside of genes and are completely neutral in effect. Others may be found within genes, but may influence characteristics such as height and hair colour rather than characteristics of medical importance.
However, polymorphic sequence variation does contribute to disease susceptibility and can also influence drug responses (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms).
It promotes diversity and persists over many generations because no single form has an overall advantage or disadvantage over the others in terms of natural selection.
It is originally used to describe visible forms of genes, but now used to include cryptic modes such as blood types, which require a blood test to decode.
In addition to having more than one allele at a specific locus, each allele must also occur in the population at a rate of at least 1% to generally be considered polymorphic.
Gene polymorphisms can occur in any region of the genome.
The majority of polymorphisms are silent, meaning they do not alter the function or expression of a gene.
Some polymorphism is visible. For example, in dogs the E locus, can have any of five different alleles, known as E, Em, Eg, Eh, and e. Varying combinations of these alleles contribute to the pigmentation and patterns seen in dog coats.
Human blood groups is also a polymorphic effect.
Human skin color is influenced by an intergenic DNA polymorphism regulating transcription of the nearby BNC2 pigmentation gene.
Evolution of transposons, genomes, and organisms (Hertweck Fall 2014)
A streamlined version of my research talk from fall 2014 (i.e., WKU Bio Dept seminar). Slightly updated version of my job talk (spring 2014).
Bio263 Lecture 2: Becoming human
Lecture 2: Becoming human
What have comparisons between human and ape genomes taught us about what it means to be human?
Dna of human and great ape
This ppt clarifies the differences and similarities of DNA of human and ape. Gives a conclusion that how the minimum differences gives major differences among human and ape.
Epigenetic
Epigenetic mechanism and advance in technique to study histone modification and Diseases associated with epigenetic
Dna modifications in the mammalian brain
Bio-Synthesis world’s leading Supplier providing commercial Synthetic DNA, custom DNA synthesis services in US.These are RNA analogues which can be synthesized and spiked with DNA or RNA in order to modify the formation of nucleic acid helices. For more Information visit on- http://www.biosyn.com/dna-oligonucleotide-services.aspx
httphrst.mit.eduhrsevolutionpublicprofilesking.htmlh
http://hrst.mit.edu/hrs/evolution/public/profiles/king.html
http://hrst.mit.edu/hrs/evolution/public/profiles/jukes.html
http://hrst.mit.edu/hrs/evolution/public/papers/simpson1964/simpson1964.pdf
http://hrst.mit.edu/hrs/evolution/public/kimura1968/kimura1968.pdf
http://hrst.mit.edu/hrs/evolution/public/papers/kimura1968/kimura1968.pdf
http://hrst.mit.edu/hrs/evolution/public/papers/simpson1964/simpson1964.pdf
DISREGARD:
Evolutionary Rate at the Molecular Level
b y
M O T 0 0 KIMURA
National Institute of Genetics,
Japan
Calculating the rate of evolution in terms of nucleotide substitutions
seems t o give a value so high that many of the mutations involved
must be neutral ones.
COMPARATIVE studies of haemoglobin molecules among change in for a chain consisting of some amino-
different groups of animals suggest that, during the acids. For example, by comparing the and chains of
evolutionary history of mammals, amino-acid substitution man with those of horse, pig, cattle and rabbit, the
has taken place roughly at the rate of one amino-acid figure of one amino-acid change in x was obtained'.
http://hrst.mit.edu/hrs/evolution/public/profiles/kimura.html
http://hrst.mit.edu/hrs/evolution/public/papers/zuckerkandlpauling1965/zuckerkandlpauling1965.pdf
This is roughly equivalent to the rate of one amino-acid
substitution in for a chain consisting of
amino-acids.
A comparable value has been derived from the study
of the haemoglobin of primates. The rate of amino-acid
substitution calculated by comparing mammalian and
avian cytochrome c (consisting of about 100 amino-acids)
turned out to be one replacement in 48 x 106 yr (ref. 3).
Also by comparing the amino-acid composition of human
triosephosphate dehydrogenase with that of rabbit and
figure of a t least one amino-acid substitution
for every X yr can be obtained for the chain con-
sisting of about amino-acids. This figure is roughly
equivalent to the rate of one amino-acid substitution in
x yr for a chain consisting of amino-acids.
Averaging those figures for haemoglobin, cytochrome c
and triosephosphate’ dehydrogenase gives an evolutionary
rate of approximately one substitution in 28 x 108 yr for
a polypeptide chain consisting of 100 amino-acids.
I intend to show that this evolutionary rate, although
appearing to be very low for each polypeptide chain of a
size of cytochrome c, actually amounts t o a very high
rate for the entire genome.
First, the DNA content in each nucleus is roughly the
same among different species of mammals such as man,
cattle and rat (see, for example, ref. 5 ) . Furthermore, we
note that the G-C content of DNA is fairly uniform among
mammals, lying roughly within the range of 40-44 per
These two facts suggest that nucleotide substitution
played a principal part in mammalian evolution.
I n t h e following calculation, I shall assume that the
haploid c ...
Human genetic diversity and origin of major human groups
Humans are 99.9% genetically identical and yet we are all so different. Even monozygotic twins have infrequent genetic differences due to mutations occurring during development and gene copy-number variation.
Chromosomes and molecular cytogenetics of oil palm: impact for breeding and g...
Chromosomes and molecular cytogenetics of oil palm: impact for breeding and g...Pat (JS) Heslop-Harrison
See also related talk Crops, Climate Change and Super-domestication Heslop-Harrison for Oil Palm Breeders symposium on Gearing Oil Palm Breeding and Agronomy for Climate Change: Keynote opening address MPOB PIPOC and PIPOC ISOPB ISOPA
http://www.slideshare.net/PatHeslopHarrison/heslop-harrisoncrops-climatechangesuperdomestication
Molecular cytogenetic analysis of the chromosomes of oil palm allows us to understand their evolution, genetics and segregation, genetic recombination and karyotypic stability. The cytogenetic manipulation of genomes and their chromosomes is often valuable for plant breeders to introduce and exploit new variation. Cytological landmarks such as centromeres, telomeres, heterochromatin and nucleolar organizer regions are important for the integration of physical chromosomes with the DNA sequence information. This linkage of the genetic, chromosomal and physical maps is particularly useful in a long-lived tree crop where genetic mapping requires decades of preparation and the mapping crosses may not be directly relevant to DxP commercial plantings. Repetitive DNA is often the most rapidly evolving genomic component, but is poorly understood from sequence assemblies; molecular cytogenetic studies allow its organization and variation to be studied, and the exploitation of repetitive sequences as markers and, by the amplification and mobility of transposable elements or satellite repeats, in generation of new variation.
Molecular cytogenetic approaches provide tools for oil palm genomic research, comparative genomics and evolutionary studies and further facilitate understanding the inheritance of specific traits in oil palm, including DNA methylation, epigenetics, and somaclonal variation, allowing work with hybrids, haploids and polyploids. Knowledge of the structures and organization of the chromosomes of oil palm, as in many crop species, is valuable for development of new lines, making hybrids, understanding the causes of some abnormalities or infertility, and exploiting variation and biodiversity found in related species or breeding lines.
Further information and slides from the talk will be on our website www.molcyt.com.
Similar to Describe or explain how SNPs in genes at evolutionary conserved brea.pdf (20)
Evolution of transposons, genomes, and organisms (Hertweck Fall 2014)
Evolution of transposons, genomes, and organisms (Hertweck Fall 2014)
L11 dna__polymorphisms__mutations_and_genetic_diseases4
L11 dna__polymorphisms__mutations_and_genetic_diseases4
L11 dna__polymorphisms__mutations_and_genetic_diseases
L11 dna__polymorphisms__mutations_and_genetic_diseases
httphrst.mit.eduhrsevolutionpublicprofilesking.htmlh
httphrst.mit.eduhrsevolutionpublicprofilesking.htmlh
Human genetic diversity and origin of major human groups
Human genetic diversity and origin of major human groups
Chromosomes and molecular cytogenetics of oil palm: impact for breeding and g...
Chromosomes and molecular cytogenetics of oil palm: impact for breeding and g...
Understanding cancer -- patient-genetic_background
Understanding cancer -- patient-genetic_background
More from arpitaeron555
match the following attributes to the parts of a compilerstrips ou.pdf
match the following attributes to the parts of a compiler
strips out the comments and whitespace
converts text into lexemes
generates an Abstrat Symbol Tree
recursive descent or table driven
uses BNF or EBNF definitions
a. lexer
b. parser
Solution
The Program and Portfolio Management Maturity Model is an effective tool for organizations to
decide quickly what PPM improvements they should make to enhance their organization\'s
ability to optimize investments, execute big changes and deliver value.
Overview
Key Findings
Real project, program and portfolio management, when operating at the level of well-integrated
practices, is the key enabler that allows organizations to identify and execute strategic change.
Any meaningful undertakings to enhance or evolve the program and portfolio management
(PPM) function must pay more than lip service to organizational structure, business model and
culture to have any chance of success.
Competitive pressures and changing market conditions are forcing organizations toward Level 3,
and most organizations still aren\'t ready to make the leap.
Recommendations
At any level of PPM maturity, focus first on helping the organization make well-informed
investment choices. This will improve the odds of project success more than any other factor.
For organizations that require enterprisewide change and capabilities, it is worth the effort to
pursue Level 4, where enterprise PPM practices are built.
Identify objectives for your enterprise, and use them to identify the most salient improvement
opportunities for your enterprise.
Meticulously manage the change involved in maturing/improving your PPM capabilities.
Analysis
Project/program/portfolio management office (PMO) leaders, program managers and portfolio
managers are frequently challenged by ineffective processes, lack of stakeholder engagement and
difficult-to-quantify value. 1 Part of the problem is failure to match their processes, people and
technology approaches to the maturity level of their organizations. 2
The Gartner Program and Portfolio Management (PPM) Maturity Model assessment is designed
to help PPM leaders understand best practices around large project management, as well as PPM
to handle delivery of strategic value. This model assumes that organizations progress through a
maturity curve and that each level of organizational maturity directly affects the level of
investment and types of PPM approaches organizations choose to adopt.
arsing
A parser is an algorithm that determines whether a given input string is in a language and, as a
side-effect, usually produces a parse tree for the input. There is a procedure for generating a
parser from a given context-free grammar.
Recursive-Descent Parsing
Recursive-descent parsing is one of the simplest parsing techniques that is used in practice.
Recursive-descent parsers are also called top-down parsers, since they construct the parse tree
top down (rather than bottom up).
The basic idea of recursive-descent par.
Multiple-Choice Which one is a discrete variableRadius of a ball.pdf
Multiple-Choice: Which one is a discrete variable?
Radius of a ball in an urn
Weight of a ball in an urn
Diameter of a ball in an urn
Number of balls in an urn
Solution
A discrete variable can only take up some specific values.
Hence,
OPTION D: Number of balls in an urn [ANSWER]
as it can only take integer values..
Looking for some help with this assignment. 1. Define distribut.pdf
Looking for some help with this assignment.
1. Define distributed computing and the impact it has had on organizations.
2. Why should you be concerned about the innovation butterfly is you are an IT professional?
3. What is the difference between single threading and multithreading and how would I use it in
a Distributed system?
4. What is a mobile architecture and what are some of the design considerations?
5. Explain why naming conventions are important in large enterprise organizations.
6. What is the difference between a disruptive and a sustaining technology?
7. Describe the difference amongst Mobile, Cloud and Embedded systems.
8. Explain the role time plays in distributed systems and why it is difficult to manage.
9. What are the major challenges IOT plays in a distributed system?
10. How does mobility, ubiquity and PAN increase the complexity of distributed systems.
Solution
1)
sol:defnition:
it is a one type of model where software components are shared with mutliple computer
to make work easier and gives more effieciency and performance
impact of distributed computing
1)at present it keeps a main roles in organizations ,all the organizations are converting to
distributed system
2)we can process data at one place and access data at one place so there is lot of availability
3)many organization doing thier business process in remote computer and accesing their
database
2)differenece between sustaining and disruptive technology
1)by using sustaining technology improves performance for products which had been established
with the
dimension of the product which gives market to the mainstream customers
2) coming to the disruptive technology bring to market in diffrent praportions of values which
had been
available previously,these disruptive techonolgy underperform which had been established in
main steram market.
Introduction and BackgroundIn recent lectures we discussed usi.pdf
Introduction and Background
In recent lectures we discussed using arrays, classes and interfaces (see newly added course
notes if you want to read ahead about interfaces – we will cover them this week in lecture). In
this lab you will utilize all of these topics to build a simple yet useful new class. Consider the
following interface describing the methods for a simple double ended queue (or deque):
public interface SimpleDeque
{
public void addFront(Object X); // Add Object X at front of list
public void addRear(Object X); // Add Object X at rear of list
// If array is full, add methods should do nothing
public Object removeFront(); // Remove and return Object X from
// front of list
public Object removeRear(); // Remove and return Object X from
// rear of list
// If array is empty, remove methods should return null
public boolean isEmpty(); // Return true if the list is empty
// Return false otherwise
}
A queue has the behavior such that items are added at the rear and removed from the front,
thereby giving a First In First Out (FIFO) access to the items added and subsequently removed
from the list. No other manipulations of the data are permitted (for example, we cannot add or
remove anywhere in the middle). Looking at it \"in reverse\", we could add new items at the
front of the queue and remove them from the rear. This is still providing FIFO access, but just
from a different point of view. Now consider both adding and removing items at the rear of the
list (without ever accessing the front). This is called stack access and gives us Last In First Out
(LIFO) access to the items (the data is removed in reverse order). The same behavior occurs if
we both add and remove at the front without ever accessing the rear of the list.
The simple deque above is expressed as an interface rather than a class, because we are not
describing the data or how it is represented -- we are simply describing its access behavior.
However, to actually build a working deque, we need a class that implements the interface
above. For example:
public class MyDeque implements SimpleDeque
{
Object [] theData;
int numItems;
public MyDeque(int maxItems)
{
theData = new Object[maxItems];
numItems = 0;
}
// Implementation of the five methods of SimpleDeque, plus
// perhaps other methods as well
}
Note that the implementation above uses an array of Object to store the items in the deque. Since
Object is the base class to all other Java classes, an array of Object can thus be used to store any
Java class types (we can even store primitive values if we utilize their wrapper classes). Also
note that nothing in the SimpleDeque interface requires an array to be used to store the data. You
will see in your CS 0445 course that a linked list may in fact be a better implementation than an
array in this case. However, for this implementation we will use an array because it is simple and
easy to understand.
Another important thing to notice about the partial implementation above is tha.
In the binary search, if the array being searched has 32 elements in.pdf
In the binary search, if the array being searched has 32 elements in it, how many elements of the
array must be examined to be certain that the array does not contain the key? What about 1024
elements? Note: the answer is the same regardless of whether the algorithm is recursive or
iterative.
Solution
Binary Search Algorithm- Fundamentals, Implementation and Analysis
Hitesh Garg | May 15, 2015 | algorithms | 5 Comments
Binary Search Algorithm and its Implementation
In our previous tutorial we discussed about Linear search algorithm which is the most basic
algorithm of searching which has some disadvantages in terms of time complexity,so to
overcome them to a level an algorithm based on dichotomic (i.e. selection between two distinct
alternatives) divide and conquer technique is used i.e. Binarysearch algorithm and it is used to
find an element in a sorted array (yes, it is a prerequisite for this algorithm and a limitation too).
In this algorithm we use the sorted array so as to reduce the time complexity to O(log n). In this,
size of the elements reduce to half after each iteration and this is achieved by comparing the
middle element with the key and if they are unequal then we choose the first or second half,
whichever is expected to hold the key (if available) based on the comparison i.e. if array is sorted
in an increasing manner and the key is smaller than middle element than definitely if key exists,
it will be in the first half, we chose it and repeat same operation again and again until key is
found or no more elements are left in the array.
Recursive Pseudocode:
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// initially called with low = 0, high = N – 1
BinarySearch_Right(A[0..N-1], value, low, high) {
// invariants: value >= A[i] for all i < low
value < A[i] for all i > high
if (high < low)
return low
mid = low +((high – low) / 2) // THIS IS AN IMPORTANT STEP TO AVOID BUGS
if (A[mid] > value)
return BinarySearch_Right(A, value, low, mid-1)
else
return BinarySearch_Right(A, value, mid+1, high)
}
Iterative Pseudocode:
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10
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13
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BinarySearch_Right(A[0..N-1], value) {
low = 0
high = N - 1
while (low <= high) {
// invariants: value >= A[i] for all i < low
value < A[i] for all i > high
mid = low +((high – low) / 2) // THIS IS AN IMPORTANT STEP TO AVOID BUGS
if (A[mid] > value)
high = mid - 1
else
low = mid + 1
}
return low
}
Asymptotic Analysis
Since this algorithm halves the no of elements to be checked after every iteration it will take
logarithmic time to find any element i.e. O(log n) (where n is number of elements in the list) and
its expected cost is also proportional to log n provided that searching and comparing cost of all
the elements is same
Data structure used -> Array
Worst case performance -> O(log n)
Best case performance -> O(1)
Average case performance -> O(log n)
Worst case space complexity -> O(1)
So the idea is-
RECURSIVE Implementation of Binary search in C programming language
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3
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Is there any information out there about decorator crabs picking up .pdf
Is there any information out there about decorator crabs picking up toxins and the correlation to
the polluted areas they inhabit
Solution
It\'s not true that these crabs pick up toxins from the environment. They use the surviving
environment to camouflage themselves. The is also no relation to the pollution thing..
Heliconius melpomene is a species of butterfly with ZW sex determina.pdf
Heliconius melpomene is a species of butterfly with ZW sex determination. H. melpomene\'s
wing spots are normally orange, but a recessive Z-linked mutation causes the spots to be yellow,
while a recessive autosomal mutation causes the spots to be red. Butterflies homozygous (or
hemizygous) for both mutations have no wing spots. What are the expected F1 and F2
phenotypes from a cross between a red-spotted female and a yellow-spotted male?
Solution
The Heliconius melpomene butterfly having sex determination ZW have normally orange wing
spots.
Given
Recessive Z linked mutation causes the spots to be yellow, if Y is the dominant gene the y
represents the recessive gene. The recessive autosomal mutation causes the spot to be red,the
recessive autosomal mutation represented by rr.
a) WX represents female
b) WW represents male
Given-:
F1 generation
The red spotted female is crossed with yellow spotted male
ZWrr X ZZy
ZZ, WrrZ, ZZy, WrrZy
It gives 1 hemizygous butterfly, 1red spotted female butterfly, 1 yellow spotted male and 1
normal orange wing male butterfly.
The F2 generation gives the same result..
Identify the key mechanism that determines which X remains active an.pdf
Identify the key mechanism that determines which X remains active and which X becomes
inactive.
Solution
In normal human females, only one X chromosome is transcriptionally active, the other X
chromosome remains condensed as heterochromatin and is called as sex chromatin or Barr body.
Formation of Barr body ensures that cells of both males and females have same number of active
X chromosomes and thus synthesise equal amount of products encoded by X linked genes.
This inactivation of one of the two X chromosome in each cell is called Lyonization, after the
name of British researcher Mary Lyon. She proposed that;
Inactivation of X chromosome in females occurs during early stages of embryonic development
and this Inactivation of X chromosome in embryo is a random process, so that paternally derived
and maternally derived X chromosomes stands equal chance of becoming inactivated in any
given cell.
MECHANISM OF INACTIVATION :
The mechanism of Inactivation is initiated by a non coding RNA molecule called XIST RNA.
There is a region on X chromosome called as X-Inactivation center (XIC) located on proximal
end of X chromosome. Genetic expression of this region occurs only on chromosome that is
inactivated. This region carries about 4 genes one of which is X-Inactivation specific transcript
(XIST). The RNA transcribed by this gene is called XIST RNA. This RNA is large (about 17kb
long) and is not translated. It does not diffuse into nucleoplasm,but accumulates along the length
of chromosome just before it is Inactivated.
Thus RNA product of XIST gene spread over and coat the X chromosome bearing the gene that
produced it ,creating some sort of molecular \"cage\" that entraps it leading to its Inactivation.
Thus X chromosome in which XIST gene is transcribed to form XIST RNA becomes inactive
(due to coating of this X chromsome by XIST RNA) while as the other X chromosome remains
active..
For each of the given functions, list the domain and range. Also list.pdf
For each of the given functions, list the domain and range. Also list the period, amplitude and
the equations of all asymptotes where applicable. (If you choose to draw a graph it will not be
graded.) ln(x) Domain:_ Range:_ Period:_ Amplitude: _ Asymptotes:_
Solution
f(x) = lnx
Domain : ( 0, infinity)
Range : ( -inf , +inf)
Period : It is not periodic function
Amplitude : Vertical asymtote , x=0.
Given to girls born in the U.S. in the years The tables below give t.pdf
Given to girls born in the U.S. in the years The tables below give the ten most popular names
1974 and 1999 and the percentages of girls given those names. Consider group of 20 girls born in
1974. and another group of 20 bom in 1999. Use the data in the tables to do problems 22-25
regarding these groups. The name Jennifer was approximately 3 times as popular in 1974 as
Emily was in 1999, despite each being the #1 name in their respective years. Determine by
calculation if you are 3 times as likely to have more than one Jennifer in the 1974 group of 20 as
you are to have multiple Emilys in the 1999 group of 20.
Solution.
How do open source projects work How is it different from closed sou.pdf
How do open source projects work? How is it different from closed source projects? Discus the
creation of a database. Explain its working. (E.g, what you need to use to create tables and
relationship? What you do to modify a database?) Explain what\'s SaaS, PaaS and laaS?
Distinguish among these three.
Solution
31) In open source project the source code of the project is made available to anyone for free.
The code can be studied, modified and even redistributed for any purpose.Many of the open
source projects are developed in an open collaberative manner. People volunteer to develop the
projects.Where as in closed source projects the source code is not developed by an organization
and the source code is not openly available.
32) A database consists of many tables created for a project. In mysql it is created using the
command \'create database sample_database;\'. We generally use a RDBMS(Relational Database
Management System). The data is stored in RDBMS database objects called tables. You can
create a table by specifying the number of rows, names of each row and the type of data that will
be stored in each of them.
33) SaaS means software as a service in which a software is provided as a serive. Generally the
service is centrally hosted, but this many not always be the case. The consumer is charged on a
one time basis or in a subscription model. PaaS stands for platform as a service. The service
provides platform as a service for customers to develop, manage and run applications. This is
generally referred for cloud computing applications. LaaS stands for logging as a serivce. This
represents a architechture used for collection of log files from a specific location or source..
Ferdinand is affected by hemophilia, a recessive x-linked condition..pdf
Ferdinand is affected by hemophilia, a recessive x-linked condition. He mates with an unaffected
woman with no history of hemophilia in her family. Their first child is a girl with Turner
Syndrome (XO sex chromosomes), who is also hemophiliac. You infer that she resulted from the
following sperm and egg (answers listed in the order of sperm, egg):normal, normal
Solution
Answer: Because Ferdinand has hemophilia which is X-linked ressesive disease. Daughters
produced by mating of ferdinand and a normal female would be carriers of hemophilia. In this
case however, the daughter is having Turners\' syndrome (XO) and is heophilic as well. This
implies that the X came from sperm of Ferdinand and the O is beacuse the X chromosome from
the female was nondisjunct at meiosis I, as non-disjunction at meiosis II would result in two
gaetes being normal, One being trisomic and one being monosomic. whereas nondysjunction at
meiosis I would give rise to 50% trisomic and 50% monosomic gametes. Hence raising the
possibility of turners\' syndrome after nondysjunction at meiosis I.
Therefore answer is:
c. Normal and non-dysjunction at meiosis I..
Explain whether you think IFRS and GAAP will be fully converged. Wha.pdf
Explain whether you think IFRS and GAAP will be fully converged. What is the current status of
convergence projects?
Solution
There has been a concerted convergence effort between the Generally Accepted Accounting
Principles (GAAP) and the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) in order to avoid
conflict and confusion, promote simplicity, streamlining, consistency and transparency, and
avoid any future financial crises or meltdowns.
Despite the research-indicated evidence of a higher accounting quality being experienced by
firms that either apply the IFRS standards or have switched to them from the GAAP, the
convergence process has not proven to be an easy task, mostly because of the differences in
approach between the two accounting bodies.
The GAAP is a rules-based methodology, while the IFRS takes a principle-based approach. The
rules-based approach is comprised of a complex set of guidelines that establishes criteria for
every possible contingency and provides the rules required for specified transactions, thus
promoting uniformity. The principle-based methodology lays out the key objectives of good
reporting in each subject area and then provides guidance, explaining the objective, and relates it
to common examples, thus promoting transparency.
If these methodological differences between the two approaches cannot be resolved, they may
prolong the process of compiling a true set of international accounting standards and increase the
costs required to maintain two sets of books.
So from the above discussion it is clear that, IFRS and GAAP will be fully converged, but it will
took a time.
current status of convergence projects
One of the main concerns in the United States business world is how the convergence process
and its results will impact the future evolution of the accounting profession. This specific
concern, simply stated, is about uniformity over transparency, and it has a serious impact on the
standards development process. Could the goals of uniformity and transparency be achieved?
Are they incompatible or mutually exclusive?
This incompatibility - real or perceived - is grounded in the conflicts existing among the
constructs of rules-based and principle-based shareholder and stakeholder primacy theories,
which are recognized by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB), the International
Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and the European and Asian Accounting Standards Boards,
and which have an impact on the standards development methodology. Transparency has a direct
impact on the areas of business combinations (Phase I and II), revenue recognition and financial
performance of business enterprises reporting. hence they are still in process..
Does the following picture depict a function It so, is it a one to o.pdf
Does the following picture depict a function? It so, is it a one to one function?
Solution
The given picture depict the function.Every element of set x mapping into set y\'s exactly one
element.so it is called a function.
A function is said to be one-to-one if every y value has exactly one x value mapped onto it.So the
given picture is not one-to-one function.because two elements of set x mapping to one set y\'s
element..
Do patients have health care rights that are not legal or statuatory.pdf
Do patients have health care rights that are not legal or statuatory rights? Explain your answer.
Solution
Legal Conceptualization: it supplies that a patient has a right to realize potential benefits, risks,
and option a of proposed therapy; duty of physician to reveal to the patient a full apprehension of
the suggested care before patient assent to it.
Statuatory Rights: when a patient is clinically unfit to give assent to a lifesaving emergency
therapy. The law implicit assent (exigency in most states abolish need for assent).
Describe the authentication process in the figure below Solutio.pdf
Describe the authentication process in the figure below:
Solution
Authentication begins when a user tries to access information. First, the user must prove his
access rights and identity. When logging into a computer, users commonly enter usernames and
passwords for authentication purposes. This login combination, which must be assigned to each
user, authenticates access. However, this type of authentication can be circumvented by hackers.
A better form of authentication, biometrics, depends on the user’s presence and biological
makeup (i.e., retina or fingerprints). This technology makes it more difficult for hackers to break
into computer systems.
The Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) authentication method uses digital certificates to prove a
user’s identity. There are other authentication tools, too, such as key cards and USB tokens. One
of the greatest authentication threats occurs with email, where authenticity is often difficult to
verify. For example, unsecured emails often appear legitimate..
Discuss the history of bureaucratic and administrative management..pdf
Discuss the history of bureaucratic and administrative management.
Solution
1. History of Bureaucratic Management:
There was time before 1800 when the organisations operated like a family. Supervisors, workers
and employees did not have proper defined work. Every one did everything. During late 1800,
Max Weber brought about changes in this system of organisational operation. He believed that
having an informal organisation decreases the productivity of the employees as they are not
focussed and goal-driven.
Max Weber created the idea of bureaucratic management which made the organisation more
rigid, authorative and structured. He believed that employees do not follow the organisation but
they follow their bosses. He defined supervisors and workers role properly. The workers were
supposed to take their immediate bosses orders and cannot operate beyond that capacity.
Max Weber\'s theory of bureaucratic management has two important elements. First, it involves
structuring an organization into a hierarchy system. Secondly, the organization as well as its
employees operate through clearly defined rational-legal decision-making rules. Both the
elements help the organisation to achieve its goals.
2. History of Administrative Mangement
During 1900, the management expert Jules Henri Fayol, came to the conclusion that
management is an activity that is followed by all the human undertakings. Management is
needed at school, housework, business, government services, etc. All these human undertakings
need five basic administrative functions to operate. They are:
i. Planning
ii. Organizing
iii. Commanding
iv. Coordinating
v. Controlling
Henri Fayol rejected the notion that \"Managers are born and not made.\" Instead he believed that
management is a skill that can be developed over the time through proper training and
enthusiasm. Managemnt skills can be acquired if its principles are understood.
Henri Fayol was of the belief that since management is an all-encompassing activity, the
management skills should be taught in schools, colleges and universities..
Data x word 23 y word -3 Write assembly code for the following p.pdf
Data x: word 23 y: word -3 Write assembly code for the following pseudo code and draw flow
chard (for both Q1 and Q2): if (x
Solution
Answer:
Assembly Language Code :
1)
.zero 1
main:
push rbp
mov rbp, rsp
cmp DWORD PTR [rbp-4], 4
jg .L2
add DWORD PTR [rbp-8], 1
2)
.zero 1
main:
push rbp
mov rbp, rsp
mov DWORD PTR [rbp-4], 1
mov eax, 1
test al, al
je .L2
mov DWORD PTR [rbp-8], 0.
Can Variance Inflation factors be used to detect Heteroscedasticity .pdf
Can Variance Inflation factors be used to detect Heteroscedasticity problem in the regression
analysis
Solution
Variance inflation factors (VIF) measure how much the variance of the estimated regression
coefficients are inflated as compared to when the predictor variables are not linearly related.
Use to describe how much multicollinearity (correlation between predictors) exists in a
regression analysis. Multicollinearity is problematic because it can increase the variance of the
regression coefficients, making them unstable and difficult to interpret.
Use the following guidelines to interpret the VIF:VIFStatus of predictorsVIF = 1Not correlated1
< VIF < 5Moderately correlatedVIF > 5 to 10Highly correlated.
A study undertaken by the Miami-Dade Supervisor of Elections in 2002.pdf
A study undertaken by the Miami-Dade Supervisor of Elections in 2002 revealed that 44% of
registered voters are Democrats, 37% are Republicans, and 19% are others. If two registered
voters are selected at random, find the following probability:
One of them is a Democrat and another one is a Republican.
Solution
Here we have following probabilties:
P(democrats)=0.44
P(republicans)=0.37
P(others)=0.19
Since voters are independent from each other so the probabilityOne of them is a Democrat and
another one is a Republican is
P(One of them is a Democrat and another one is a
Republican)=P(democrats)P(republican)=0.44*0.37=0.1628
hence, the required probability is 0.1628..
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match the following attributes to the parts of a compilerstrips ou.pdf
match the following attributes to the parts of a compilerstrips ou.pdf
Multiple-Choice Which one is a discrete variableRadius of a ball.pdf
Multiple-Choice Which one is a discrete variableRadius of a ball.pdf
Looking for some help with this assignment. 1. Define distribut.pdf
Looking for some help with this assignment. 1. Define distribut.pdf
Introduction and BackgroundIn recent lectures we discussed usi.pdf
Introduction and BackgroundIn recent lectures we discussed usi.pdf
In the binary search, if the array being searched has 32 elements in.pdf
In the binary search, if the array being searched has 32 elements in.pdf
Is there any information out there about decorator crabs picking up .pdf
Is there any information out there about decorator crabs picking up .pdf
Heliconius melpomene is a species of butterfly with ZW sex determina.pdf
Heliconius melpomene is a species of butterfly with ZW sex determina.pdf
Identify the key mechanism that determines which X remains active an.pdf
Identify the key mechanism that determines which X remains active an.pdf
For each of the given functions, list the domain and range. Also list.pdf
For each of the given functions, list the domain and range. Also list.pdf
Given to girls born in the U.S. in the years The tables below give t.pdf
Given to girls born in the U.S. in the years The tables below give t.pdf
How do open source projects work How is it different from closed sou.pdf
How do open source projects work How is it different from closed sou.pdf
Ferdinand is affected by hemophilia, a recessive x-linked condition..pdf
Ferdinand is affected by hemophilia, a recessive x-linked condition..pdf
Explain whether you think IFRS and GAAP will be fully converged. Wha.pdf
Explain whether you think IFRS and GAAP will be fully converged. Wha.pdf
Does the following picture depict a function It so, is it a one to o.pdf
Does the following picture depict a function It so, is it a one to o.pdf
Do patients have health care rights that are not legal or statuatory.pdf
Do patients have health care rights that are not legal or statuatory.pdf
Describe the authentication process in the figure below Solutio.pdf
Describe the authentication process in the figure below Solutio.pdf
Discuss the history of bureaucratic and administrative management..pdf
Discuss the history of bureaucratic and administrative management..pdf
Data x word 23 y word -3 Write assembly code for the following p.pdf
Data x word 23 y word -3 Write assembly code for the following p.pdf
Can Variance Inflation factors be used to detect Heteroscedasticity .pdf
Can Variance Inflation factors be used to detect Heteroscedasticity .pdf
A study undertaken by the Miami-Dade Supervisor of Elections in 2002.pdf
A study undertaken by the Miami-Dade Supervisor of Elections in 2002.pdf
Recently uploaded
Supporting (UKRI) OA monographs at Salford.pptx
How libraries can support authors with open access requirements for UKRI funded books
Wednesday 22 May 2024, 14:00-15:00.
678020731-Sumas-y-Restas-Para-Colorear.pdf
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Thesis Statement for students diagnonsed withADHD.ppt
Presentation required for the master in Education.
CACJapan - GROUP Presentation 1- Wk 4.pdf
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Unit 2- Research Aptitude (UGC NET Paper I).pdf
This slide describes the research aptitude of unit 2 in the UGC NET paper I.
The geography of Taylor Swift - some ideas
Geographical themes connected with Taylor Swift's ERAS tour - coming to the UK in June 2024
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptx
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Digital Tools and AI for Teaching Learning and Research
This Presentation in details discusses on Digital Tools and AI for Teaching Learning and Research
Operation Blue Star - Saka Neela Tara
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptx
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdf
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp Network
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
"Protectable subject matters, Protection in biotechnology, Protection of othe...
Protectable subject matters, Protection in biotechnology, Protection of other biological materials, Ownership and period of protection
Mule 4.6 & Java 17 Upgrade | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #46
Mule 4.6 & Java 17 Upgrade | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #46
Event Link:-
https://meetups.mulesoft.com/events/details/mulesoft-mysore-presents-exploring-gemini-ai-and-integration-with-mulesoft/
Agenda
● Java 17 Upgrade Overview
● Why and by when do customers need to upgrade to Java 17?
● Is there any immediate impact to upgrading to Mule Runtime 4.6 and beyond?
● Which MuleSoft products are in scope?
For Upcoming Meetups Join Mysore Meetup Group - https://meetups.mulesoft.com/mysore/
YouTube:- youtube.com/@mulesoftmysore
Mysore WhatsApp group:- https://chat.whatsapp.com/EhqtHtCC75vCAX7gaO842N
Speaker:-
Shubham Chaurasia - https://www.linkedin.com/in/shubhamchaurasia1/
Priya Shaw - https://www.linkedin.com/in/priya-shaw
Organizers:-
Shubham Chaurasia - https://www.linkedin.com/in/shubhamchaurasia1/
Giridhar Meka - https://www.linkedin.com/in/giridharmeka
Priya Shaw - https://www.linkedin.com/in/priya-shaw
Shyam Raj Prasad-
https://www.linkedin.com/in/shyam-raj-prasad/
The approach at University of Liverpool.pptx
How libraries can support authors with open access requirements for UKRI funded books
Wednesday 22 May 2024, 14:00-15:00.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptx
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Recently uploaded (20)
Thesis Statement for students diagnonsed withADHD.ppt
Thesis Statement for students diagnonsed withADHD.ppt
Digital Tools and AI for Teaching Learning and Research
Digital Tools and AI for Teaching Learning and Research
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptx
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptx
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdf
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdf
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp Network
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp Network
"Protectable subject matters, Protection in biotechnology, Protection of othe...
"Protectable subject matters, Protection in biotechnology, Protection of othe...
Mule 4.6 & Java 17 Upgrade | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #46
Mule 4.6 & Java 17 Upgrade | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #46
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptx
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptx
Adversarial Attention Modeling for Multi-dimensional Emotion Regression.pdf
Adversarial Attention Modeling for Multi-dimensional Emotion Regression.pdf
Describe or explain how SNPs in genes at evolutionary conserved brea.pdf
- 1. Describe or explain how SNPs in genes at evolutionary conserved breakpoints can lead to dramatic phenotypic differences between species like chimpanzees and humans even though their genomes are 98% similar? Provide and describe or explain an example of one gene with SNP differences between gorillas and humans that might have resulted changes between humans and apes. Solution SNP ( Single nucleotide polymorphism) is a type of genetic variation among living beings. SNP represents a difference in a single DNA building block i.e, nucleotide. SNP replaces the nucleotide cytosine ( C) With ghe nucleotide thymine (T) in a stetch of DNA. The difference between the two genomes of humans and chimpanzees is actually 4% approximately. This msinly contributes to the phenotypic differences in various species. Humans differbfrom other primates like chimpanzees and apes in cognitive abilities and a significantly larger brain. These correlate with metabolic changes, etc. Example of such genes with SNP differences is 90 TF genes with significant expression levels in humans and chimpanzee brain. Among these KRAB-Zinc finger genes are markedly important. The differentially expressed TFs cluster within robust regulatory network consisting of two distinct but interlinked modules, strongly associated with energy metabolism functions and the others with transcription, vesticular transport and ubiquitination.