Dermatographia
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
2 likes•4,321 views
Dermatographia, also known as "skin writing", is a condition where firm stroking or scratching of the skin with fingernails or instruments like a tongue depressor leads to raised red lines and hives within minutes. Symptoms are caused by an immune response releasing histamine and usually disappear within 30 minutes. While the exact cause is unclear, it may involve an allergic reaction or irritation from clothes. Diagnosis is made through a skin test and treatment focuses on antihistamine medications if symptoms are bothersome, though the condition is generally harmless and temporary.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Dermatitis ppt
Dermatitis is an inflammation of the skin that causes redness, swelling and itchiness. There are many types of dermatitis including atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis and seborrheic dermatitis. Contact dermatitis occurs when the skin comes into contact with an irritant or allergen and can be either irritant or allergic in nature. Symptoms vary depending on the type but may include a rash, blisters, dry cracked skin and itchiness. Treatment involves identifying and avoiding triggers, using moisturizers and topical or oral medications like corticosteroids and antihistamines.
stomatitis, gingivitis, glositis
This document discusses several disorders of the oral cavity including stomatitis, gingivitis, and glossitis. Stomatitis is an inflammation of the mouth lining that can be caused by chemotherapy, radiation, trauma, or other factors. Symptoms include pain, sores, fever and irritability. Treatment involves medications to reduce inflammation and pain. Gingivitis is a non-destructive gum disease caused by plaque, diseases like diabetes, drugs, or smoking. Symptoms include swollen or bleeding gums. Prevention relies on good oral hygiene habits. Glossitis refers to tongue inflammation that can cause swelling, color changes, and texture changes. It has several types and causes including infections, mechanical irritation, nutritional deficiencies
Intestinal perforation
A brief review of intestinal perforation, presented by Dr. Sara Khalid Memon, from LUMHS, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan
Candidiasis prepared by nawaraj adhikari
Candidiasis, also known as a yeast infection, is caused by an overgrowth of Candida fungi, most commonly Candida albicans. It can infect the mouth, skin, vagina, stomach, and urinary tract. Common symptoms include itching, burning, redness, and discharge. Risk factors include a weakened immune system, antibiotics, diabetes, and pregnancy. Treatment involves topical or oral antifungal medications. Prevention focuses on maintaining hygiene and a healthy immune system.
Candidiasis and pediculosis
Candidiasis is an infection caused by the yeast Candida albicans, which commonly affects moist areas of the body like the mouth, skin, vagina, and gastrointestinal tract. Risk factors include antibiotics use, pregnancy, diabetes, and immunosuppression. Symptoms vary by location but include lesions, discharge, itching, and pain. Nystatin is often the treatment of choice and is used orally or vaginally. Pediculosis is an infestation of lice that lives on humans. It can occur on the scalp (pediculosis capitis), body (pediculosis corporis), or pubic area. Symptoms include itching, rashes, and lesions. Diagnosis involves examination
Bacterial skin infection
Impetigo is a contagious bacterial skin infection that occurs in two main forms: bullous and non-bullous. Bullous impetigo causes large fluid-filled blisters while non-bullous impetigo causes thin-walled vesicles and yellow-brown crusts. Impetigo is generally caused by Staphylococcus aureus or streptococci bacteria and commonly affects the face and limbs, especially in children. Complications can include cellulitis, nephritis, and scarlet fever. Treatment involves topical or oral antibiotics and removing crusts to prevent spread.
Scabies
Scabies is caused by tiny burrowing mites that infest the skin and lay eggs, causing intense itching. It spreads through direct, prolonged skin-to-skin contact. The mites burrow beneath the skin and lay eggs, causing a rash and itching that is usually worse at night. Scabies is diagnosed through examination of burrows and microscopic identification of mites. Treatment involves applying prescription creams or lotions to kill the mites. Multiple treatments and treating all contacts is usually needed to prevent reinfestation.
Recommended
Dermatitis ppt
Dermatitis is an inflammation of the skin that causes redness, swelling and itchiness. There are many types of dermatitis including atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis and seborrheic dermatitis. Contact dermatitis occurs when the skin comes into contact with an irritant or allergen and can be either irritant or allergic in nature. Symptoms vary depending on the type but may include a rash, blisters, dry cracked skin and itchiness. Treatment involves identifying and avoiding triggers, using moisturizers and topical or oral medications like corticosteroids and antihistamines.
stomatitis, gingivitis, glositis
This document discusses several disorders of the oral cavity including stomatitis, gingivitis, and glossitis. Stomatitis is an inflammation of the mouth lining that can be caused by chemotherapy, radiation, trauma, or other factors. Symptoms include pain, sores, fever and irritability. Treatment involves medications to reduce inflammation and pain. Gingivitis is a non-destructive gum disease caused by plaque, diseases like diabetes, drugs, or smoking. Symptoms include swollen or bleeding gums. Prevention relies on good oral hygiene habits. Glossitis refers to tongue inflammation that can cause swelling, color changes, and texture changes. It has several types and causes including infections, mechanical irritation, nutritional deficiencies
Intestinal perforation
A brief review of intestinal perforation, presented by Dr. Sara Khalid Memon, from LUMHS, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan
Candidiasis prepared by nawaraj adhikari
Candidiasis, also known as a yeast infection, is caused by an overgrowth of Candida fungi, most commonly Candida albicans. It can infect the mouth, skin, vagina, stomach, and urinary tract. Common symptoms include itching, burning, redness, and discharge. Risk factors include a weakened immune system, antibiotics, diabetes, and pregnancy. Treatment involves topical or oral antifungal medications. Prevention focuses on maintaining hygiene and a healthy immune system.
Candidiasis and pediculosis
Candidiasis is an infection caused by the yeast Candida albicans, which commonly affects moist areas of the body like the mouth, skin, vagina, and gastrointestinal tract. Risk factors include antibiotics use, pregnancy, diabetes, and immunosuppression. Symptoms vary by location but include lesions, discharge, itching, and pain. Nystatin is often the treatment of choice and is used orally or vaginally. Pediculosis is an infestation of lice that lives on humans. It can occur on the scalp (pediculosis capitis), body (pediculosis corporis), or pubic area. Symptoms include itching, rashes, and lesions. Diagnosis involves examination
Bacterial skin infection
Impetigo is a contagious bacterial skin infection that occurs in two main forms: bullous and non-bullous. Bullous impetigo causes large fluid-filled blisters while non-bullous impetigo causes thin-walled vesicles and yellow-brown crusts. Impetigo is generally caused by Staphylococcus aureus or streptococci bacteria and commonly affects the face and limbs, especially in children. Complications can include cellulitis, nephritis, and scarlet fever. Treatment involves topical or oral antibiotics and removing crusts to prevent spread.
Scabies
Scabies is caused by tiny burrowing mites that infest the skin and lay eggs, causing intense itching. It spreads through direct, prolonged skin-to-skin contact. The mites burrow beneath the skin and lay eggs, causing a rash and itching that is usually worse at night. Scabies is diagnosed through examination of burrows and microscopic identification of mites. Treatment involves applying prescription creams or lotions to kill the mites. Multiple treatments and treating all contacts is usually needed to prevent reinfestation.
Scabies
Scabies is a skin infection caused by the Sarcoptes scabiei mite. It causes an itchy rash and affects nearly 130 million people worldwide, with prevalence rates in India ranging from 13-59% in rural and urban areas respectively. Scabies presents as itchy papules and vesicles located typically on hands, wrists, feet, and genitalia. It can develop into more severe forms like nodular or crusted scabies in immunocompromised individuals. Treatment involves topical scabicides like permethrin or oral ivermectin. Proper hygiene and avoiding shared items can help prevent transmission.
Psoriasis
This document discusses psoriasis, presenting objectives to discuss its introduction, describe its aetiology, classify its types, and diagnose it. Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease causing rapid skin cell growth, forming thick patches of red sores and scales. It has various types including plaque, guttate, inverse and pustular psoriasis. While its exact cause is unknown, genetics and environmental triggers are believed to play a role. Diagnosis is usually based on visual inspection, and may include a skin biopsy.
Dermatitis
This document defines and describes different types of dermatitis, including contact dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, and exfoliative dermatitis. It discusses the pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment for each type. The types of dermatitis are inflammatory skin conditions that can be caused by external irritants, genetic predisposition, or unknown factors. Management involves identifying and avoiding allergens, using topical medications and antihistamines, and treating symptoms like itching.
Malignant Melanoma
This document provides an overview of malignant melanoma, including its aetiology, types, risk factors, diagnosis, staging, treatment, and prevention. Malignant melanoma arises from melanocytes in the basal layer of the skin and less commonly in the eye or meninges. The main types are superficial spreading melanoma, nodular melanoma, acral lentiginous melanoma, and lentigo maligna melanoma. Risk factors include excessive sun exposure, genetic predisposition, numerous benign moles, and family history. Diagnosis involves examining moles for changes in size, irregular pigmentation, asymmetry, and diameter. Prognosis depends on the Breslow thickness and presence of ulceration. Treatment involves surgical resection with chemotherapy or immunotherapy in
Scabies
The document discusses scabies and its prevention. It defines scabies as an infestation caused by the scabies mite (Sarcoptes scabiei). Key points include: scabies mites burrow under the skin and cause intense itching; symptoms appear 1-6 weeks after exposure and include a pimple-like rash; diagnosis is made by visualizing mites, eggs or feces under a microscope; treatment involves topical permethrin or oral ivermectin; prevention requires treating infected individuals and washing exposed linens and clothes. Crusted or Norwegian scabies is also described as a rare, severe form characterized by thick crusts and proliferation of m
Hepatomegaly
This document discusses hepatomegaly (enlargement of the liver). It begins by describing the normal anatomy and functions of the liver. It then discusses the various mechanisms that can cause hepatomegaly, including increased cell size/number, inflammation, infiltration, increased vascular/biliary space, and idiopathic causes. The main causes of hepatomegaly are listed as infective, congestive, degenerative/infiltrative, storage disorders, neoplasia, and toxins. The document concludes by describing the clinical presentation and examination findings of hepatomegaly.
Pyoderma
Impetigo is a skin infection that involves only the epidermis. There are two types: bullous caused by Staphylococcus aureus and non-bullous caused by S. aureus or Streptococcus. It starts as vesicles or pustules and causes itching and burning. Ecthyma is a deep skin infection that causes punched out ulcers and surrounding erythema. Folliculitis causes multiple pustules around hair follicles, while furuncle is a deeper, nodular pus-filled infection. A carbuncle is a cluster of furuncles commonly seen in diabetics in the neck region and may require oral antibiotics.
Psoriasis
This PowerPoint presentation summarizes information about psoriasis for a medical student presentation. It defines psoriasis as a chronic inflammatory skin disease causing rapid skin cell production, buildup, and flaking. The presentation covers the types of psoriasis including plaque, guttate, inverse, pustular, and erythrodermic psoriasis. It discusses the genetic and environmental factors involved in psoriasis development and outlines management approaches like topical treatments, phototherapy, and systemic drugs. The presentation concludes by summarizing results from an Italian study finding high rates of depressive symptoms in psoriasis patients, particularly younger men and those with less education.
FOLLICULITIS.ppt
Folliculitis is a common skin infection of hair follicles, usually caused by Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. It presents as inflamed bumps with hairs protruding from the center. Risk factors include greasy substances clogging hair follicles. Treatment involves washing with antiseptics, applying topical or oral antibiotics, and addressing any underlying causes like diabetes or HIV. Folliculitis typically resolves well with treatment but can occasionally lead to deeper infections requiring further intervention.
5(b)..new scabies
I Hope this presentation will be much useful for Pharm.D students. Apollojames, Asst.Professor, Nandha college of pharmacy, Erode, Tamilnadu, India.
Urticaria
This document summarizes different types of urticaria (hives). It describes urticaria as pink, itchy swellings (wheals) that can occur anywhere on the body and last less than 24 hours. It divides urticaria into acute (<6 weeks) and chronic (>6 weeks) forms. It discusses physical urticarias like cold, solar, heat, cholinergic, aquagenic, dermographism, and delayed pressure urticaria. It also covers hypersensitivity, autoimmune, pharmacological, contact, and latex allergy urticaria. The document provides details on presentation, course, complications, differential diagnosis, investigations, and management of different types of urticaria.
Pemphigus
Pemphigus is a rare autoimmune blistering disease of the skin and mucous membranes caused by antibodies against desmoglein proteins. There are three main types - pemphigus vulgaris affects the mouth and skin, pemphigus foliaceus affects the scalp and upper trunk, and paraneoplastic pemphigus is the most severe and associated with cancer. Diagnosis involves biopsy and detecting antibodies. Treatment aims to control the disease and involves high-dose corticosteroids sometimes with steroid-sparing immunosuppressants or other therapies like intravenous immunoglobulins or plasmapheresis.
Stomatitis (AHN)
This document discusses stomatitis, an inflammation of the mouth lining. It defines stomatitis and lists its common causes such as infections, medications, nutritional deficiencies, and radiation/chemotherapy. The main signs and symptoms include pain, ulcers, and bleeding in the mouth. It describes different types of stomatitis like aphthous, angular, and denture-related stomatitis. The management involves coating agents, mouthwashes, analgesics, and topical corticosteroids to reduce inflammation and pain.
Alopecia
The document defines and describes different types of alopecia (hair loss), including alopecia areata (patchy hair loss), alopecia totalis (total scalp hair loss), alopecia universalis (total body hair loss), and androgenetic alopecia (male and female pattern baldness). It discusses potential causes of alopecia like autoimmune conditions, medications, medical illnesses, and nutritional deficiencies. Diagnostic tests for alopecia include medical history, physical exam, fungal culture, biopsy, blood tests, and daily hair counts. Potential treatments mentioned include minoxidil, finasteride, corticosteroids, retinoids, immunosuppressants, light therapy, wigs
GLOSSITIS
Glossitis refers to inflammation of the tongue that causes swelling, color, and texture changes. There are two main types: acute glossitis appears suddenly with severe symptoms, while chronic glossitis recurs and may be caused by an underlying condition. People at risk include those with mouth injuries, who eat spicy foods, wear ill-fitting dentures, have herpes or immune disorders, or have low iron or food allergies. Diagnosis involves examination for mouth abnormalities and testing saliva and blood samples. Treatment consists of antibiotics if bacteria are present or topical steroids to reduce redness and soreness.
Pemphigus vulgaris
Pemphigus vulgaris is an autoimmune disease characterized by blister formation on the skin and mucous membranes. It is caused by an antigen-antibody reaction. Symptoms include blisters in the mouth and scalp that spread and rupture, releasing fluid and causing pain. Diagnosis involves a skin biopsy and immunofluorescence testing. Treatment consists of corticosteroids, immunosuppressants like azathioprine, and biological therapies like rituximab to control the immune system and prevent blister formation. Nurses monitor patients for infection and ensure proper wound care, nutrition, and hygiene.
Scabies
Scabies is a superficial epidermal infestation by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis.
Etiologic Agent:
S. scabiei var. hominis. Thrive and multiply only on human skin, i.e., obligate human parasite.
Transmission
Skin-to-skin contact
Fomites: Mites can remain alive for >2 days on clothing or in bedding; hence, scabies can be acquired without skin-to-skin contact.
intimate personal contact, such as having sexual intercourse
Scabietic (Scabious) Nodule: Inflammatory papule or nodule ;burrow sometimes seen on the surface of a very early lesion. • Distribution : Areola, axillae, scrotum, penis.
Malignant melanoma
Malignant melanoma is a cancer that begins in melanocytes, which are the cells that give skin its color. It most commonly occurs on skin but can also develop in the mouth, eyes, and other areas. Risk factors include excessive sun exposure and genetic predisposition. There are several types of melanoma, with superficial spreading melanoma being the most common type. Diagnosis involves examination for features like irregular shape, color, and size. Treatment typically involves surgical resection, and prognosis is generally poor as mucosal melanoma often spreads rapidly.
Vitiligo
Vitiligo is a hypopigmentation disorder characterized by depigmented patches on the skin. It is caused by a loss of melanocytes in the affected areas. There are several proposed mechanisms including genetic predisposition, autoimmune attack on melanocytes, and neural mechanisms. Clinically, it presents as well-circumscribed milky white macules that may coalesce. Treatment involves phototherapy with PUVA or narrowband UVB, topical corticosteroids for localized lesions, and systemic corticosteroids for more widespread or rapidly progressive disease. Surgical interventions like melanocyte transplantation can be used for sites resistant to medical therapy.
Granuloma inguinale (Donovanosis)
Granuloma inguinale, also known as Donovanosis, is a bacterial infection caused by Klebsiella granulomatis that is transmitted sexually or through contact with infected feces. It initially presents as a painless papule or nodule on the genitals that progresses to form ulcers with granulation tissue edges. If left untreated, it can spread and cause complications like scarring or infection of other organs. Diagnosis involves finding Donovan bodies in tissue smears under microscopy. Treatment is with oral antibiotics like azithromycin or doxycycline for at least 3 weeks after lesions have fully healed to prevent relapse.
Discoid eczema
Discoid eczema, also known as nummular dermatitis, is a chronic and recurrent skin condition characterized by red, coin-shaped discs that are extremely itchy. The rash typically appears on the legs as red, oozy and crusty lesions with well-defined edges. A diagnosis can usually be made after examining the rash, and treatments aim to ease symptoms by rehydrating the skin with emollients and reducing inflammation with topical steroids. While there is no cure, keeping the skin hydrated and avoiding irritants can help reduce flare-ups of this non-contagious condition.
Discoid eczema
Discoid eczema, also known as nummular dermatitis, is a chronic skin condition that causes red, coin-shaped patches on the skin, particularly on the legs. It presents as an extremely itchy rash with red, oozy, and crusty lesions that have well-defined edges. While the cause is unknown, it is often triggered by dry skin, insect bites, minor injuries, or certain medications. Diagnosis is usually made based on the appearance of the rash, and treatment focuses on moisturizing the skin and using topical steroids or antibiotics to reduce inflammation and treat potential infections. Keeping skin hydrated can help reduce flare-ups of the non-contagious
More Related Content
What's hot
Scabies
Scabies is a skin infection caused by the Sarcoptes scabiei mite. It causes an itchy rash and affects nearly 130 million people worldwide, with prevalence rates in India ranging from 13-59% in rural and urban areas respectively. Scabies presents as itchy papules and vesicles located typically on hands, wrists, feet, and genitalia. It can develop into more severe forms like nodular or crusted scabies in immunocompromised individuals. Treatment involves topical scabicides like permethrin or oral ivermectin. Proper hygiene and avoiding shared items can help prevent transmission.
Psoriasis
This document discusses psoriasis, presenting objectives to discuss its introduction, describe its aetiology, classify its types, and diagnose it. Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease causing rapid skin cell growth, forming thick patches of red sores and scales. It has various types including plaque, guttate, inverse and pustular psoriasis. While its exact cause is unknown, genetics and environmental triggers are believed to play a role. Diagnosis is usually based on visual inspection, and may include a skin biopsy.
Dermatitis
This document defines and describes different types of dermatitis, including contact dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, and exfoliative dermatitis. It discusses the pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment for each type. The types of dermatitis are inflammatory skin conditions that can be caused by external irritants, genetic predisposition, or unknown factors. Management involves identifying and avoiding allergens, using topical medications and antihistamines, and treating symptoms like itching.
Malignant Melanoma
This document provides an overview of malignant melanoma, including its aetiology, types, risk factors, diagnosis, staging, treatment, and prevention. Malignant melanoma arises from melanocytes in the basal layer of the skin and less commonly in the eye or meninges. The main types are superficial spreading melanoma, nodular melanoma, acral lentiginous melanoma, and lentigo maligna melanoma. Risk factors include excessive sun exposure, genetic predisposition, numerous benign moles, and family history. Diagnosis involves examining moles for changes in size, irregular pigmentation, asymmetry, and diameter. Prognosis depends on the Breslow thickness and presence of ulceration. Treatment involves surgical resection with chemotherapy or immunotherapy in
Scabies
The document discusses scabies and its prevention. It defines scabies as an infestation caused by the scabies mite (Sarcoptes scabiei). Key points include: scabies mites burrow under the skin and cause intense itching; symptoms appear 1-6 weeks after exposure and include a pimple-like rash; diagnosis is made by visualizing mites, eggs or feces under a microscope; treatment involves topical permethrin or oral ivermectin; prevention requires treating infected individuals and washing exposed linens and clothes. Crusted or Norwegian scabies is also described as a rare, severe form characterized by thick crusts and proliferation of m
Hepatomegaly
This document discusses hepatomegaly (enlargement of the liver). It begins by describing the normal anatomy and functions of the liver. It then discusses the various mechanisms that can cause hepatomegaly, including increased cell size/number, inflammation, infiltration, increased vascular/biliary space, and idiopathic causes. The main causes of hepatomegaly are listed as infective, congestive, degenerative/infiltrative, storage disorders, neoplasia, and toxins. The document concludes by describing the clinical presentation and examination findings of hepatomegaly.
Pyoderma
Impetigo is a skin infection that involves only the epidermis. There are two types: bullous caused by Staphylococcus aureus and non-bullous caused by S. aureus or Streptococcus. It starts as vesicles or pustules and causes itching and burning. Ecthyma is a deep skin infection that causes punched out ulcers and surrounding erythema. Folliculitis causes multiple pustules around hair follicles, while furuncle is a deeper, nodular pus-filled infection. A carbuncle is a cluster of furuncles commonly seen in diabetics in the neck region and may require oral antibiotics.
Psoriasis
This PowerPoint presentation summarizes information about psoriasis for a medical student presentation. It defines psoriasis as a chronic inflammatory skin disease causing rapid skin cell production, buildup, and flaking. The presentation covers the types of psoriasis including plaque, guttate, inverse, pustular, and erythrodermic psoriasis. It discusses the genetic and environmental factors involved in psoriasis development and outlines management approaches like topical treatments, phototherapy, and systemic drugs. The presentation concludes by summarizing results from an Italian study finding high rates of depressive symptoms in psoriasis patients, particularly younger men and those with less education.
FOLLICULITIS.ppt
Folliculitis is a common skin infection of hair follicles, usually caused by Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. It presents as inflamed bumps with hairs protruding from the center. Risk factors include greasy substances clogging hair follicles. Treatment involves washing with antiseptics, applying topical or oral antibiotics, and addressing any underlying causes like diabetes or HIV. Folliculitis typically resolves well with treatment but can occasionally lead to deeper infections requiring further intervention.
5(b)..new scabies
I Hope this presentation will be much useful for Pharm.D students. Apollojames, Asst.Professor, Nandha college of pharmacy, Erode, Tamilnadu, India.
Urticaria
This document summarizes different types of urticaria (hives). It describes urticaria as pink, itchy swellings (wheals) that can occur anywhere on the body and last less than 24 hours. It divides urticaria into acute (<6 weeks) and chronic (>6 weeks) forms. It discusses physical urticarias like cold, solar, heat, cholinergic, aquagenic, dermographism, and delayed pressure urticaria. It also covers hypersensitivity, autoimmune, pharmacological, contact, and latex allergy urticaria. The document provides details on presentation, course, complications, differential diagnosis, investigations, and management of different types of urticaria.
Pemphigus
Pemphigus is a rare autoimmune blistering disease of the skin and mucous membranes caused by antibodies against desmoglein proteins. There are three main types - pemphigus vulgaris affects the mouth and skin, pemphigus foliaceus affects the scalp and upper trunk, and paraneoplastic pemphigus is the most severe and associated with cancer. Diagnosis involves biopsy and detecting antibodies. Treatment aims to control the disease and involves high-dose corticosteroids sometimes with steroid-sparing immunosuppressants or other therapies like intravenous immunoglobulins or plasmapheresis.
Stomatitis (AHN)
This document discusses stomatitis, an inflammation of the mouth lining. It defines stomatitis and lists its common causes such as infections, medications, nutritional deficiencies, and radiation/chemotherapy. The main signs and symptoms include pain, ulcers, and bleeding in the mouth. It describes different types of stomatitis like aphthous, angular, and denture-related stomatitis. The management involves coating agents, mouthwashes, analgesics, and topical corticosteroids to reduce inflammation and pain.
Alopecia
The document defines and describes different types of alopecia (hair loss), including alopecia areata (patchy hair loss), alopecia totalis (total scalp hair loss), alopecia universalis (total body hair loss), and androgenetic alopecia (male and female pattern baldness). It discusses potential causes of alopecia like autoimmune conditions, medications, medical illnesses, and nutritional deficiencies. Diagnostic tests for alopecia include medical history, physical exam, fungal culture, biopsy, blood tests, and daily hair counts. Potential treatments mentioned include minoxidil, finasteride, corticosteroids, retinoids, immunosuppressants, light therapy, wigs
GLOSSITIS
Glossitis refers to inflammation of the tongue that causes swelling, color, and texture changes. There are two main types: acute glossitis appears suddenly with severe symptoms, while chronic glossitis recurs and may be caused by an underlying condition. People at risk include those with mouth injuries, who eat spicy foods, wear ill-fitting dentures, have herpes or immune disorders, or have low iron or food allergies. Diagnosis involves examination for mouth abnormalities and testing saliva and blood samples. Treatment consists of antibiotics if bacteria are present or topical steroids to reduce redness and soreness.
Pemphigus vulgaris
Pemphigus vulgaris is an autoimmune disease characterized by blister formation on the skin and mucous membranes. It is caused by an antigen-antibody reaction. Symptoms include blisters in the mouth and scalp that spread and rupture, releasing fluid and causing pain. Diagnosis involves a skin biopsy and immunofluorescence testing. Treatment consists of corticosteroids, immunosuppressants like azathioprine, and biological therapies like rituximab to control the immune system and prevent blister formation. Nurses monitor patients for infection and ensure proper wound care, nutrition, and hygiene.
Scabies
Scabies is a superficial epidermal infestation by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis.
Etiologic Agent:
S. scabiei var. hominis. Thrive and multiply only on human skin, i.e., obligate human parasite.
Transmission
Skin-to-skin contact
Fomites: Mites can remain alive for >2 days on clothing or in bedding; hence, scabies can be acquired without skin-to-skin contact.
intimate personal contact, such as having sexual intercourse
Scabietic (Scabious) Nodule: Inflammatory papule or nodule ;burrow sometimes seen on the surface of a very early lesion. • Distribution : Areola, axillae, scrotum, penis.
Malignant melanoma
Malignant melanoma is a cancer that begins in melanocytes, which are the cells that give skin its color. It most commonly occurs on skin but can also develop in the mouth, eyes, and other areas. Risk factors include excessive sun exposure and genetic predisposition. There are several types of melanoma, with superficial spreading melanoma being the most common type. Diagnosis involves examination for features like irregular shape, color, and size. Treatment typically involves surgical resection, and prognosis is generally poor as mucosal melanoma often spreads rapidly.
Vitiligo
Vitiligo is a hypopigmentation disorder characterized by depigmented patches on the skin. It is caused by a loss of melanocytes in the affected areas. There are several proposed mechanisms including genetic predisposition, autoimmune attack on melanocytes, and neural mechanisms. Clinically, it presents as well-circumscribed milky white macules that may coalesce. Treatment involves phototherapy with PUVA or narrowband UVB, topical corticosteroids for localized lesions, and systemic corticosteroids for more widespread or rapidly progressive disease. Surgical interventions like melanocyte transplantation can be used for sites resistant to medical therapy.
Granuloma inguinale (Donovanosis)
Granuloma inguinale, also known as Donovanosis, is a bacterial infection caused by Klebsiella granulomatis that is transmitted sexually or through contact with infected feces. It initially presents as a painless papule or nodule on the genitals that progresses to form ulcers with granulation tissue edges. If left untreated, it can spread and cause complications like scarring or infection of other organs. Diagnosis involves finding Donovan bodies in tissue smears under microscopy. Treatment is with oral antibiotics like azithromycin or doxycycline for at least 3 weeks after lesions have fully healed to prevent relapse.
What's hot (20)
More from phsHumanAandP
Discoid eczema
Discoid eczema, also known as nummular dermatitis, is a chronic and recurrent skin condition characterized by red, coin-shaped discs that are extremely itchy. The rash typically appears on the legs as red, oozy and crusty lesions with well-defined edges. A diagnosis can usually be made after examining the rash, and treatments aim to ease symptoms by rehydrating the skin with emollients and reducing inflammation with topical steroids. While there is no cure, keeping the skin hydrated and avoiding irritants can help reduce flare-ups of this non-contagious condition.
Discoid eczema
Discoid eczema, also known as nummular dermatitis, is a chronic skin condition that causes red, coin-shaped patches on the skin, particularly on the legs. It presents as an extremely itchy rash with red, oozy, and crusty lesions that have well-defined edges. While the cause is unknown, it is often triggered by dry skin, insect bites, minor injuries, or certain medications. Diagnosis is usually made based on the appearance of the rash, and treatment focuses on moisturizing the skin and using topical steroids or antibiotics to reduce inflammation and treat potential infections. Keeping skin hydrated can help reduce flare-ups of the non-contagious
Warts
Warts are skin growths caused by the human papillomavirus entering through breaks in the skin. There are several types of warts including common, plantar, flat, filiform, and peruingual warts which can develop in different areas of the skin and feet. Warts spread through skin-to-skin contact or sharing personal items. While warts may go away on their own over time, various treatment options are available to remove warts more quickly including salicylic acid, cryotherapy, retinoid creams, cantharidin, bichloracetic acid, electrotherapy, and laser treatment.
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
SJS is a rare and serious condition that causes flu-like symptoms and the development of painful sores on the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. It is usually caused by an allergic reaction to certain medications. The sores spread and the skin dies and falls off, potentially affecting 10-30% of the body's skin. SJS requires testing to diagnose and treatment focuses on fluid replacement, stopping the culprit medication, and cleaning wounds to remove dead tissue. SJS can result in life-long complications like skin scarring and vision problems.
Intertrigo presentation Joey B
Intertrigo is a rash that develops in skin folds due to friction, heat, and moisture. It causes burning, itching, redness, inflammation, oozing and cracked skin in areas like the armpits and groin. Risk factors include obesity, sweating, and skin-to-skin contact. Treatment involves keeping the skin dry, exposed to air, and separated using powders or cloths. Therapy can also help eliminate intertrigo by addressing the underlying causes. While the rash itself does not spread, recurrence is common if predisposing factors are not addressed.
Intertrigo presentation
Intertrigo is a rash that develops in skin folds due to heat, moisture, and friction. It causes burning, itching, redness, inflammation, oozing and cracked skin in areas like the armpits and groin. Intertrigo is diagnosed based on appearance of a red rash in intertriginous zones. It occurs where skin rubs together or in moist areas that prevent sweat evaporation. Treatment involves keeping the skin dry, exposed to air, and separated using powders or cloths. Recurrence is common for this chronic condition.
More from phsHumanAandP (6)
Recently uploaded
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdf
Osteoporosis is an increasing cause of morbidity among the elderly.
In this document , a brief outline of osteoporosis is given , including the risk factors of osteoporosis fractures , the indications for testing bone mineral density and the management of osteoporosis
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptx
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.Pharmacology of 5-hydroxytryptamine and Antagonist
5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-HT or Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that serves a range of roles in the human body. It is sometimes referred to as the happy chemical since it promotes overall well-being and happiness.
It is mostly found in the brain, intestines, and blood platelets.
5-HT is utilised to transport messages between nerve cells, is known to be involved in smooth muscle contraction, and adds to overall well-being and pleasure, among other benefits. 5-HT regulates the body's sleep-wake cycles and internal clock by acting as a precursor to melatonin.
It is hypothesised to regulate hunger, emotions, motor, cognitive, and autonomic processes.
Post-Menstrual Smell- When to Suspect Vaginitis.pptx
Do you have abnormal smell after periods? It may be vaginitis. Do not worry, herbal medicine Fuyan Pill can help you get a cure.
Demystifying Fallopian Tube Blockage- Grading the Differences and Implication...
Fallopian tube blockage may cause female infertility. For treatment, herbal medicine Fuyan Pill can be a solution.
MERCURY GROUP.BHMS.MATERIA MEDICA.HOMOEOPATHY
Mercurius is named after the roman god mercurius, the god of trade and science. The planet mercurius is named after the same god. Mercurius is sometimes called hydrargyrum, means ‘watery silver’. Its shine and colour are very similar to silver, but mercury is a fluid at room temperatures. The name quick silver is a translation of hydrargyrum, where the word quick describes its tendency to scatter away in all directions.
The droplets have a tendency to conglomerate to one big mass, but on being shaken they fall apart into countless little droplets again. It is used to ignite explosives, like mercury fulminate, the explosive character is one of its general themes.
June 2024 Oncology Cartoons By Dr Kanhu Charan Patro
une 2024 Oncology Cartoons By Dr Kanhu Charan Patro
The Nervous and Chemical Regulation of Respiration
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a simplified look into the mechanisms involved in the regulation of respiration:
Learning objectives:
1. Describe the organisation of respiratory center
2. Describe the nervous control of inspiration and respiratory rhythm
3. Describe the functions of the dorsal and respiratory groups of neurons
4. Describe the influences of the Pneumotaxic and Apneustic centers
5. Explain the role of Hering-Breur inflation reflex in regulation of inspiration
6. Explain the role of central chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
7. Explain the role of peripheral chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
8. Explain the regulation of respiration during exercise
9. Integrate the respiratory regulatory mechanisms
10. Describe the Cheyne-Stokes breathing
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 42, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 36, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 13, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
REGULATION FOR COMBINATION PRODUCTS AND MEDICAL DEVICES.pptx
It includes regulation of combination products and medical devices. FDA and industry liaisons.
Adhd Medication Shortage Uk - trinexpharmacy.com
The UK is currently facing a Adhd Medication Shortage Uk, which has left many patients and their families grappling with uncertainty and frustration. ADHD, or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, is a chronic condition that requires consistent medication to manage effectively. This shortage has highlighted the critical role these medications play in the daily lives of those affected by ADHD. Contact : +1 (747) 209 – 3649 E-mail : sales@trinexpharmacy.com
vonoprazan A novel drug for GERD presentation
Vonoprazan, a new potassium acid channel blocker used in the conditions of GERD and gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer ....
Top Travel Vaccinations in Manchester
Travel vaccination in Manchester offers comprehensive immunization services for individuals planning international trips. Expert healthcare providers administer vaccines tailored to your destination, ensuring you stay protected against various diseases. Conveniently located clinics and flexible appointment options make it easy to get the necessary shots before your journey. Stay healthy and travel with confidence by getting vaccinated in Manchester. Visit us: www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
Cervical Disc Arthroplasty ORSI 2024.pptx
Indication and installation of a mobile cervical disc prosthesis. Benefits of the PRODISC C VIVO mobile disc prosthesis (Centinel Spine)
Artificial Intelligence Symposium (THAIS)
Artificial Intelligence Symposium (THAIS). Parc Taulí. Sabadell
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune Disease
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
Recently uploaded (20)
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdf
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdf
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptx
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptx
Pharmacology of 5-hydroxytryptamine and Antagonist
Pharmacology of 5-hydroxytryptamine and Antagonist
Post-Menstrual Smell- When to Suspect Vaginitis.pptx
Post-Menstrual Smell- When to Suspect Vaginitis.pptx
Demystifying Fallopian Tube Blockage- Grading the Differences and Implication...
Demystifying Fallopian Tube Blockage- Grading the Differences and Implication...
June 2024 Oncology Cartoons By Dr Kanhu Charan Patro
June 2024 Oncology Cartoons By Dr Kanhu Charan Patro
The Nervous and Chemical Regulation of Respiration
The Nervous and Chemical Regulation of Respiration
REGULATION FOR COMBINATION PRODUCTS AND MEDICAL DEVICES.pptx
REGULATION FOR COMBINATION PRODUCTS AND MEDICAL DEVICES.pptx
Tests for analysis of different pharmaceutical.pptx
Tests for analysis of different pharmaceutical.pptx
Outbreak management including quarantine, isolation, contact.pptx
Outbreak management including quarantine, isolation, contact.pptx
CHEMOTHERAPY_RDP_CHAPTER 6_Anti Malarial Drugs.pdf
CHEMOTHERAPY_RDP_CHAPTER 6_Anti Malarial Drugs.pdf
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune Disease
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune Disease
Dermatographia
- 2. Symptoms • Raised red lines • Swelling • Inflammation • Hive-like welts • Itching – May occur within a few minutes of skin being rubbed/scratched: disappear within 30mins – Can last for months or years
- 3. Diagnosis • Doctor can diagnose by dragging a tongue depressor across the skin on your arm or back to see if it becomes red and swollen, or a welt appears within a few minutes
- 4. Causes • Exact cause isn’t clear-can be allergic reaction but allergen hasn’t been identified • Can be triggered by rubbing from clothes or bed sheets=irritated skin • Preceded by an infection, emotional upset or medication (e.g.- Penicillin) • *damage to body’s immune cells which release histamine
- 5. Treatments • Symptoms usually go away on their own & treatment isn’t generally needed • If severe/bothersome, doctor recommend- antihistamine medications- – Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) – Fexofenadine (Allegra) – Cetirizine (Zyrtec)
- 6. Prognosis • Harmless and leaves no lasting marks • Only causes minor symptoms
- 7. Bibliography 1. Staff, Mayo Clinic. "Definition." Mayo Clinic. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 06 Dec. 2012. Web. 23 Sept. 2013. <http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/Dermatographia/DS00755>. 2. Starr, Benjamin. "Dermatographia: Beautiful Drawings on Special Skin." Visual News. N.p., 14 May 2012. Web. 30 Sept. 2013. <http://www.visualnews.com/2012/05/14/dermatographia-beautiful- drawings-on-special-skin/>.