This document provides an overview of dental waxes including their sources, composition, properties, classification, and uses. It discusses the key types of waxes such as inlay wax, casting wax, base plate wax, boxing wax, beading wax, utility wax, sticky wax, carding wax, and corrective wax. For each wax, the document outlines their composition, properties, advantages, and uses in dentistry procedures. Overall, the document comprehensively summarizes the different types of dental waxes and their applications in restorative dentistry.

3. Moderator :
DR. SHILPI JALAN
Deptt. of Prosthodontics , RDC
SYMPOSIUM PRESENTED BY :
 RAJAN SHANKAR BHARADWAJ Roll No. 09
 AMIT DEBBARMA Roll No. 05
 LEKBOM YUDIK Roll No. 22
 KH. PRIYADARSHINI DEVI Roll No. 25
 MADHURJYA DEKA Roll No. 16

4. CONTENT :-
 1. INTRODUCTION
 2. SOURCES OF WAXES
 3. COMPOSITION
 4. CHARACTERISTIC PROPERTIES
 5. CLASSIFICATION
 6. DENTAL WAXES
 7. BIBLIOGRAPHY

5. INTRODUCTION :-
 Waxes have versatile role to play in dentistry,
few procedures in restorative dentistry cannot
be completed without the use of waxes.
 DEFINITION :-
A low molecular weight ester of fatty acid with
monohydrate alcohol derived from natural and
synthetic component such as petroleum
derivatives that softens to a plastic state at a
relatively low temperature.

6. SOURCES OF WAXES:-
MINERAL WAX:
Paraffin
Ceresin
Montan
PLANT:
Candelilla
Japan Wax
Cocoa Butter
Carnauba
INSECT:
Beeswax
NATURAL WAXES SYNTHETIC WAXES ADDITIVES
Acrawax
Aerosol-OT
Castor wax
Flexowax
Epolene
Albacer
Aldo-33
Durawax
Stearic acid
Glyceryl –Tristearate
Oils
Turpentine
Colorants

7. COMPOSITION :-
• Dental waxes may be composed of natural and synthetic waxes,
gums, fats, fatty acids, oils ,resins and pigments.
 Waxes are organic compounds that characteristically consist of
long alkyl chain. They might also include various functional
groups.
 The chief constituent of most of the mineral waxes are
hydrocarbons ranging 17-44 carbon atoms.
 The hydrocarbons in plant waxes are saturated alkenes with 19-31
carbon atoms present in odd number.

8. PROPERTIES OF DENTAL WAXES:-
 THERMAL PROPERTIES-
 Melting Range :-
 Waxes have a melting range rather than a melting point.
Example: paraffin: 44-62 C0
carnauba: 50-90 C0
 Co-efficient of Thermal Expansion :-
 Waxes expand when there is increase in temperature and
contract when there is decrease in temperature.
 Dental waxes have the greatest co-efficient of thermal
expansion than any other restorative material.

9.  Flow :-
 It is the slippage of wax molecules over each other.
 Measures of flow is the measure of the degree of
plastic deformation of the material.
 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES :-
 Compressive strength, proportional limit, elastic
modulus of waxes are low.
 These properties strongly depends on the
temperature.
 As the temperature decreases these properties also
decreases.

10. CLASSIFICATION :-
 The waxes have been classified on the basis of their uses:
1) PATTERN WAXES
 Inlay wax
 Casting wax
 Base plate wax
 Wax rim
2)PROCESSING WAXES
• Beading and Boxing wax.
• Utility wax.
• Sticky wax.
• Carding wax.
3)IMPRESSION WAXES
• Corrective wax.
• Bite registration.

11. PATTERN WAXES :-
 INLAY WAX:-
 ADA Sp. No. – 4
 It is a type of pattern wax.
 Supplied in the form of
small pellets and cones.
 Uses of inlay wax:
 It is used to make pattern for
metallic restoration.
 Patterns for inlay.
 Crown and bridges are first
made in wax and then
converted into metal or
ceramic by casting.

12.  Ideal requirements of inlay waxes:
 1)When softened the wax should be uniform. There
should be no granules on the surface and hard spots within
the surface when the wax is softened .
 2)The color should contrast with the die or prepared teeth. A
definite color contrast helps in identifying and finishing.
 3) The wax should not flake or crumble when the wax is
softened.
 4)The wax should not chip, flake or tear during carving.
 5)The wax should be able to disintegrate and volatilize so that
it could be eliminated completely without residue during
burnout or wax elimination procedure.
 6)The wax pattern should be completely rigid and
dimensionally stable at all times until it is eliminated.

13. • 7)It should be sufficiently plastic slightly above mouth
temperature and become rigid when cooled to mouth
temperature.
• 8)The wax should have good flow when heated and set
rigidly when cooled.
• COMPOSITION:
• The inlay wax is composed of paraffin wax, gum damar,
carnauba or candelilla and coloring agent.
• Paraffin wax is the main component (40-60 %) which is
used to establish the melting point.
• Being the main component, gum dammar, carnauba,
candelilla wax are added to modify its properties.
• Coloring agents are added for contrast of wax patterns
against tooth, die or model surface.

14.  Classification:
 Type 1: Medium wax
employed in direct
technique.
 Type 2: Soft wax used
for indirect technique
for indirect technique
for inlays and crowns.

15.  CASTING WAX:
 It is a type of pattern wax.
 Classification according to FDI
Sp. No. 140 .
 Uses:-
 To make patterns of the metallic
framework and sprues of
removable partial denture
(RPD).
 Supplied as:
 Sheets of thickness 0.3-0.4 nm.
 Preformed shapes.
 Bulk form.
 Rolls or coils of various
diameters ranging from 2-5 mm
for forming sprue.

16.  Classification:
 Class I (28 gauge)
 Class II (30 gauge)
 Class III (readymade shapes)
 Composition:
 Paraffin, Ceresin, Beeswax &
Resins.
 Properties:
 These waxes are tacky and highly
ductile.
 Pliable and readily adaptable at
40-50 C0 .
 Do not become brittle on cooling.

17.  BASE PLATE WAXES
 ADA Sp. No. 24
 Uses:-
 To establish the initial
arch form in the
construction of complete
denture
 Supplied as-
 Sheets of pink or red
color having 1-2 mm
thickness.
 Composition:-
 Paraffin wax – 75%
 Beeswax and other resins
and waxes.

18. • WAX RIM(BITE RIM)-
• It is a type of pattern wax.
• The softening temp. is
above the mouth temp.
• It is tough & resist fracture
during removal from thecast.
• It used for :
• Restoring the occlusal
relationship.
• Arrangement of teeth.
• Checking the denture
inside the patient
mouth.

19. PROCESSING WAXES:-
• BOXING WAX & BEADING WAX:
• It is a type of processing wax.
• Uses:-
• Beading wax is adapted around the impression borders to
create the land area of the cast
• Boxing wax is used to build up vertical walls around the
impression in order to pour the gypsum product to make
a cast base.
• Supplied as :
• Boxing wax as sheets.
• Beading wax as strips.

20.  Advantages of Beading and
Boxing:
 1)Preserves the extensions and
landmarks.
 2)Controls the thickness of the
borders.
 3)Controls the form and
thickness of the base of the cast.
 4)Conserves the artificial stone.
 Properties:
 They are pliable and can be
adapted easily.
 A slight tackiness allows it to
stick to the impression

21. Figures: Beading and Boxing

22.  UTILITY WAX:-
 Composition:
 Consists mainly of beeswax, and
petrolatum and soft waxes in
varying proportions.
• Supplied as :
• It is available in the form of
sticks and sheets. Orange or
dark red in color.
• Pliable and tacky at 21-24Cº
• Uses:
• It can be used to alter the stock
tray extensions .
• It is pliable and can easily be
molded.
• It is adhesive and can stick to
the tray.

23.  STICKY WAX:
 Composition:
 It consists mainly of yellow
beeswax, rosin and natural
resins such as gum dammar.
 Properties:
 It is sticky when melted and
adheres closely to the surface
to which it is applied.
 At room temperature, it is
firm, free from tackiness and
brittle.
 Uses:-
 It is used for joining metal
parts before soldering.
 Used for joining fragments of
broken dentures before repair
procedure.

24.  CARDING WAXES:-
 It is used by
manufacturers for the
packaging of acrylic or
porcelain teeth. They
are soft, tacky and
pliable at room
temperature.
 They are available as
sheets.

25. IMPRESSION WAXES:
 CORRECTIVE WAX:
• Wax in combination with resins of low melting point can
be used in corrective impression technique in partial and
complete denture prosthesis.
• The peculiarity of impression wax is that they flow at
mouth temperature.
• Availability :
• sheets or cakes
• Used to restore the selected region in the edentulous patients to
reproduce the details of mucous membrane.
• Its main disadvantage is that it is distorted

26. FIGURE: Corrective Wax.

27.  BITE REGISTRATION WAX:-
 It is used to record the relationship of the upper and
lower teeth in dentulous patients.

28. BIBLIOGRAPHY:
 1) PHILIPS’ SCIENCE OF DENTAL MATERIAS.
by- ANUSAVICE, SHEN, RAWLS
 2) BASIC DENTAL MATERIAL
by- JOHN J. MANAPPALLIL