Dental radiography
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This document discusses dental radiography and radiation. It provides information on different types of dental x-rays including intraoral, bitewing, periapical and panoramic x-rays. It also discusses the good and bad aspects of radiation, recommendations for different age groups, and conditions that may require dental x-rays. The document outlines how to properly examine dental x-rays to evaluate image quality and examine teeth, jaws and bones for any abnormalities.
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Fetal Ecocardiography Screening
Case of CHD at 12-14 weeks, with Tricuspid regurgitation at nuchal scan.
At 8/9 weeks heart position looks like "ecttopia cordi" (sorry for absent avi. where everything can see)
First trimester ultrasound
Ultrasound is useful in the first trimester for evaluating bleeding, pain, gestational sac location and development. A gestational sac is normally visible by 4 weeks ultrasound. The yolk sac appears by 5 weeks and the embryo with cardiac activity by 6 weeks. Abnormal findings include lack of growth, irregular sac shape, large yolk sac size. Doppler can assess blood flow. Ectopic pregnancies can be detected by visualizing an embryo outside the uterus combined with serum hCG levels. Multiple pregnancies are determined by membrane thickness and number of yolk sacs.
EBM Presentation
This randomized controlled trial compared amputation-free survival rates between a surgery-first versus angioplasty-first strategy for treating infrainguinal limb ischemia in 452 patients over 5.5 years. After 6 months, there was no significant difference in amputation-free survival between the groups. There was also no difference in health-related quality of life, but the surgery-first strategy had about one-third higher hospital costs in the first year. The study provides level 1 evidence that for infrainguinal disease, initial angioplasty or bypass surgery results in similar amputation rates with angioplasty being less costly in the first year.
Imaging in tubal factors in infertility.
tubal factor is almost 30% of all female infertility causes.Hence evaluation of tubes is usulally the first of the testings.
this presentation evaluates all the methods for evaluation of fallopian tubes
Us lecture
The document provides an overview of various ultrasound exams and techniques. It begins with introductions to knobology, physics concepts like attenuation and artifacts, and abdominal ultrasound exams of structures like the liver, kidneys, gallbladder, and more. It then covers cardiac ultrasound views and pathology identification. Other sections discuss pulmonary ultrasound, the FAST exam, and vascular ultrasound of the aorta, IVC, and more. The document aims to comprehensively cover key aspects of different ultrasound exams through text and images over many pages.
Drs. Olson’s and Jackson’s CMC Pediatric X-Ray Mastery: September Cases
Drs. Olson and Jackson are interested in education and Pediatric Emergency Medicine. Follow along with the EMGuideWire.com team and Drs. Nikki Richardson, Mary Grady, and Michael Gibbs as they post these educational, self-guided radiology slides on Pediatric Emergency Medicine Radiology. This month’s topics include:
• Non-accidental Trauma (NAT)
• Hyperinflated Lungs
• Esophageal Foreign Body
• Neonatal Pulmonary Abscess
• Neonatal Pneumatocele
• Tuberculosis
• Interstitial Lung Disease of Prematurity
• Disseminated Neonatal HSV
• Aspirated Foreign Body
Xaheer shah...pulmonary embolism
This document discusses pulmonary embolism (PE). It notes that PE is a common disorder that can be deadly if left untreated. The presentation of PE is often vague and nonspecific. While the classic triad of symptoms is hemoptysis, dyspnea, and pleuritic pain, this occurs in less than 20% of patients. The document reviews risk factors, clinical features, diagnostic testing options including Wells criteria, imaging studies, D-dimer testing and their limitations. Treatment involves anticoagulation with heparin or warfarin to prevent clot extension and recurrence while educating patients.
Congenital or acquired
This document discusses several cases where conditions were either congenital or acquired later in infancy. It provides evidence that hip dislocations and cryptorchidism can develop later than birth, highlighting the importance of periodic examinations. Regular checks of the hips, scrotum, and heart are recommended throughout childhood to detect issues even in previously healthy children, as a heart murmur was found in one case three years later. The document emphasizes that conditions initially thought to be congenital may actually be acquired later in development.
Endometriosis
This document discusses endometriosis, defined as the presence of functioning endometrial tissue outside the uterus. It most commonly involves the ovaries and pelvic peritoneum. Theories for its development include retrograde menstruation and celomic metaplasia. Symptoms include pelvic pain and infertility. Diagnosis involves laparoscopy and histological examination of biopsied lesions. Staging uses the revised American Fertility Society classification from I to IV. Treatment aims to manage pain and preserve fertility, and may involve surgery, medical therapy such as hormonal contraceptives, or assisted reproduction.
ANTENATAL_SCREENING_IN_FIRST_AND_SECOND_TRIMESTER.ppt
The document discusses antenatal screening tests in the first and second trimesters. In the first trimester, screening includes ultrasound markers like nuchal translucency, nasal bone, ductus venosus Doppler, and biochemical markers like PAPP-A and beta-hCG. Combined first trimester screening using these markers can detect around 85-90% of Down syndrome cases at a 5% false positive rate. In the second trimester, screening includes a genetic sonogram and biochemical markers, with a detection rate of around 82% for Down syndrome. The document provides details on measuring and interpreting various first trimester ultrasound markers and their association with chromosomal abnormalities.
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This document summarizes a study that evaluated the effectiveness of the Teller Acuity Cards (TAC) in detecting amblyopia in children. The study assessed grating acuity (using TAC) and optotype acuity in 45 children with unilateral amblyopia, 44 children at risk for amblyopia, and 37 children with normal vision. Grating acuity was finer than optotype acuity for amblyopic eyes but not fellow eyes. The discrepancy was larger for more severe amblyopia. Nevertheless, grating acuity detected amblyopia with 80% sensitivity, suggesting it is effective for detecting amblyopia in children.
KaltenbachXXS_tSAGBGrauma_abdominal.pptx
This document summarizes information on abdominal trauma in pediatrics. It discusses the epidemiology of abdominal injuries, with intra-abdominal injuries occurring in 5-10% of torso trauma cases. It outlines the etiology, mechanisms, and anatomical considerations of abdominal trauma. It provides guidance on the initial stabilization and evaluation of pediatric abdominal trauma patients, including the physical exam, lab tests, ultrasound, and CT scan. It discusses treatment approaches such as laparotomy versus non-operative management for solid organ injuries like the liver and pancreas. The document concludes that while non-operative management is standard for most solid organ injuries, grade III pancreatic injuries involving the main pancreatic duct often require surgery.
Kerwin-peds abd trauma
The document discusses prediction rules for identifying pediatric patients at low risk for intra-abdominal injuries after blunt abdominal trauma. It summarizes the PECARN prediction rule, which identifies variables from history and physical exam that predict whether a child needs intervention. The rule achieved high sensitivity and specificity. The document also discusses the UF-Jax algorithm for managing pediatric blunt abdominal trauma, which incorporates physical exam findings, labs, ultrasound, and CT imaging to determine need for observation, admission, or intervention. The goal is identifying injuries requiring treatment while avoiding unnecessary radiation exposure.
Intussusception
Intussusception is the telescoping of the proximal bowel inside the distal bowel. It is a common cause of bowel obstruction in infants and toddlers. The classic presenting symptoms are known as the "triad" - crying, currant jelly stools, and a palpable abdominal mass. Ultrasound is the primary diagnostic tool, showing target or doughnut signs. Treatment involves hydrostatic or pneumatic reduction of the intussusception non-operatively. If this fails or signs of perforation are present, surgical reduction or resection is required.
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Dental radiography
- 2. VIRSHA BUTT
- 3. OVER VIEW
- 6. DENTAL RADIOGRAPHS * Intraoral x-ray= 0.005 mSv *
- 10. CHILD (PRIMARY DENTITION) CHILD (TRANSITIONAL DENTITION) ADOLESCENT (PERM. DENTITION) ADULT, DENTATE OR PARTIALLY EDENTULOUS A E Periapical/ occlusal or post. bitewing Post. Bitewing with either OPG or periapical Post. Bitewing with OPG (same) B si sy or Post. Bitewing at 6-12mons interval (same) (same) Post. Bitewing at 6-18mons interval es isk Post. Bitewing at 12-24mon interval (same) Post. Bitewing at 18-36mon interval Post. Bitewing at 24-36mon interval
- 11. ED T ntal Clinical judgement/ periapical/ bitewing (same) (same) (same) or ng ial dento hip Clinical judgement (same) Clinical judgement/ panoramic/ periapical Usually not indicated (same) s, ial s, ve/en reated ntal Clinical judgement (same) (same) (same) (same)
- 12. PRECAUTIONS
- 14. Defects and Variations in Tooth Density Trauma and Exodontia Periodontal Disease Endodontic Treatment of Teeth Developmental Defects and Anomalies Swellings, Cysts and Neoplasm Metabolic Diseases Orthodontic treatment
- 15. FRACTURE
- 17. ENDODONTICS
- 19. DENTIGEROUS CYST
- 21. MALOCCLUSION
- 24. BITEWING
- 25. PERIAPICAL
- 26. OCCLUSAL
- 31. Evaluate the image quality • Too light/dark • Contrast • Processing • Distortion/Superimposition Identify species, location & structures. Examine whole x-ray left to right
- 33. Check each tooth for: • Changes in contour/density of dentin • Bone level around root • Bone density & integrity of lamina dura • Pulp chamber and PDL space Examine the jaw • If any lesion present, record its site, size, shape, symmetry, borders, contents & association with other structures Attempt a diagnosis/ assess the need for other tests
- 36. REQUIREMENTS
- 47. • DOSE REDUCTION • IMAGE MANIPULATION • TIME • STORAGE • TELERADIOLOGY • ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY ADVANTAGES • COST • CROSS-INFECTION CONTROLDISADVANTAGES