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Dental emergencies
This document discusses dental emergencies and provides information on various conditions including dental caries, pulpitis, periapical abscesses, periodontitis, traumatic injuries like crown fractures and avulsions. It also covers topics like drainage techniques, alveolar osteitis, deep space infections, pediatric dental considerations. Nontraumatic emergencies involve conditions like tooth decay and resulting pulp inflammation or bone infection. Traumatic emergencies include tooth fractures, luxations, intrusions or avulsions from dental injury. The summary emphasizes that emergency management is temporary, communicating with consultants is important, and infections should be drained when possible while recognizing true dental versus medical emergencies.
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Dental emergencies
- 1. Dental Emergencies BY:- Dr.S.K.RAJPUROHIT
- 2. Clavulin Percocet Seeyour dentist Questions?
- 3. Objectives Communication Dentalanatomy Nontraumatic emergencies Traumatic emergencies Pediatric issues
- 4.
- 6. Terminology Lower akaMandibular Upper aka Maxillary Lingual - mandibular teeth toward tongue Palatal - maxillary teeth toward tongue Labial - anterior teeth toward lips Buccal - posterior teeth toward cheeks Interproximal - surface between two adjacent teeth Occlusal/Incisal - biting surface Cervical - junction of crown and root
- 8.
- 10. Dental caries Sensitiveto cold Decalcification of enamel by acid producing plaque bacteria Eventually dentin layer breached
- 11. Pulpitis Pain, tothermal stimulus Reversible - Short duration of discomfort Likely to benefit from antibiotics Irreversible - longer duration of discomfort Require root canal or extraction
- 12. Periapical abscess Spontaneousor unremitting pain, reproducible with percussion Extension of infection to periapical bone Drainage, antibiotics, NS rinses May have an associated parulis
- 15. Periodontitis Typically lesspain Inflammation of the tooth attachment apparatus Often will drain spontaneously Can form periodontal abscess (can be difficult to differentiate from periapical abscess) Drainage, antibiotics, NS rinses
- 16. Drainage technique Intraoralvs. extraoral Local or regional anesthesia No. 11 blade incision Mosquito hemostat to disrupt loculations NS irrigation Packing gauze, sutured to mucosa Antibiotics, NS rinses
- 18. Pericoronitis Pain, foultaste or odour Involves erupting tooth, often 3rd molar Inflammation of the gingival tissue overlying the erupting crown Drainage, antibiotics, NS rinses
- 19. Alveolar osteitis (drysocket) Pain, foul taste or odour Inflammation of exposed alveolar bone 2-5 days post tooth extraction Clot dislodged prematurely Can progress to osteomyelitis Packing, antibiotics
- 21. Deep space infections Spread of odontogenic infection Maxillary teeth to upper face Mandibular teeth to lower face Fascial planes of head, neck, mediastinum Airway at risk if altered voice, stridor, drooling Parenteral antibiotics, CT, admission
- 22. Ludwig’s angina Swollenfloor of mouth, elevated tongue Cellulitis of bilateral submandibular spaces and sublingual space Direct connection to parapharyngeal space Airway at risk!
- 26. Cavernous sinus thrombosis Infraorbital or periorbital cellulitis Retrograde spread of infection through ophthalmic veins to cavernous sinus Meningeal signs, altered LOC to coma
- 29.
- 30. Dental crown fractures Ellis I - enamel only, painless White fracture surface Ellis II - enamel and dentin, painful Yellow fracture surface Ellis III (complicated) - pulp involved, painful Red fracture surface
- 31.
- 32. Dental trauma terminology Concussion - pain but stable, nondisplaced Subluxation - loose, nondisplaced Luxation - loose, displaced, malocclusion Can be intrusive, extrusive or lateral Avulsion - completely removed from socket Intrusion - forced into alveolar bone
- 36. Avulsion Where isthe tooth? Consider XR if “missing” Reimplant or place tooth in physiologic medium ASAP Avoid traumatizing periodontal ligament Chance of successful reimplantation inversely proportional to time out of socket
- 38.
- 39. Pediatric dental emergencypearls Primary dentition consists of 20 teeth (2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 molars per quadrant) Eruption begins ~ 6 months complete by ~ 2 years Permanent dentition begins ~ 6 years Avulsed primary teeth should NOT be reimplanted
- 40. Summary ED managementis temporizing Communicate clearly to consultants Consider sealing, splinting and drainage of accessible infections Recognize true dental emergencies Recognize true medical emergencies Floss
- 41. Edmonton’s ED dentalkit: Dycal - $55.75 Fuji I glass ionomer - $135.00 mix pad 3x3 - $1.49 disposable spatulas pk 50 - $35.50 disposable mirrors pk 60 - $27.43 disposable instruments pk 10 - $97.50 Arista hemostatic powder - ? Price gelfoam substitute pk 24 - $56.25 cotton rolls box 2000 - $25.15 dental wax - ? price