Deixis
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A presentation of sub material in Semantic Definition of Deixis, Classification of Deixis, Anphora , Referential Ambiguity, Happy Reding
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Deixis presentation
Deixis refers to linguistic expressions that can only be interpreted based on contextual information about who is speaking, where, and when. Deixis includes pronouns like I, you, and demonstratives like this and that. The meaning of deictic expressions depends on the deictic center, which is the speaker's point of view in terms of person, place, and time. There are different types of deixis, including person deixis referring to speakers and addressees, place deixis indicating locations, and time deixis referring to moments in time. Deixis is a fundamental aspect of language that allows speakers to anchor meanings to the immediate context of an utterance.
Group 1. deixis
The document discusses different types of deixis, including person, time, place, and discourse deixis. It provides examples and definitions for each type. For person deixis, it defines first, second, and third person deixis and provides examples. For time deixis, it discusses concepts like encoding time, decoding time, and how tenses relate to time deixis. For place deixis, it examines terms like here, there, this, and that, and how place can be specified relative to locations. Finally, it notes that discourse deixis concerns using expressions to refer to portions of discourse, like referring to the last paragraph with "last paragraph."
Intro. to Linguistics_13 Pragmatics
Pragmatics is the study of meaning beyond the sentence level by taking context and non-linguistic knowledge into account. It involves understanding deixis, reference, presupposition, speech acts, politeness, and implicature. Pragmatics helps explain how more can be communicated than what is literally said through contextual cues. It plays a role where syntax and semantics alone may be ambiguous, such as in determining whether a sentence like "donut eats Diki" makes sense based on context. Pragmatics is key to understanding intended speaker meaning.
Distinctive features
The document discusses Roman Jakobson's theory of distinctive features, which proposes a universal set of features that define phonological contrasts in all languages. It describes the major classes of features - consonantal, sonorant, syllabic - that define major sound classes like consonants and vowels. It also explains laryngeal features for voicing, place features for articulation point, manner features for production method, and height and backness features for vowels. The theory aims to classify all sounds of a language based on a minimal set of binary distinctive features.
Discourse analysis
The document discusses discourse analysis and related linguistic concepts. It defines discourse as language above the sentence level, including stretches of spoken language that are coherent and meaningful. It describes two approaches to analyzing discourse: structural, which looks at grammatical relationships between units, and functional, which examines how language performs different social functions. Recent approaches view discourse as a social practice shaped by and having implications for social structures. The document also discusses speech act theory, which proposes that utterances in dialogue perform actions, such as asking a question or making a promise.
Speech error and slip of tongue
This document discusses different types of speech errors known as slips of the tongue. It describes common errors like spoonerisms where initial consonants are transposed, malapropisms involving similar sounding words, anticipations where a word's initial sound is replaced, and blends where two words fuse into one. Research suggests speech is pre-planned at an unconscious level and errors arise from how linguistic knowledge is stored and retrieved in the brain when we speak. Common causes of errors include fatigue, alcohol, or nervousness disrupting ideal speech delivery.
Deixis
(1) Deixis refers to the use of words or expressions whose meanings depend on the context of the utterance, such as who is speaking, their location in space and time, gestures, or the topic of discussion. Common deictic expressions include pronouns, demonstratives, temporal adverbs, and articles.
(2) Deixis is important in pragmatics and conversation analysis because it concerns how the structure of language relates to the context in which it is used. Deictic expressions point to elements either in the immediate physical context ("proximal") or not ("distal").
(3) There are different types of deixis, including personal deixis referring to people, temporal
conversation analysis
The document discusses key concepts in conversation analysis (CA). It defines CA as an approach to studying social interaction through both verbal and non-verbal conduct. Some main points covered include turn-taking rules and mechanisms, adjacency pairs and their functions, repair strategies, and applications of CA such as in education settings. CA takes an inductive approach, focusing on describing patterns found in natural conversation data.
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Deixis presentation
Deixis refers to linguistic expressions that can only be interpreted based on contextual information about who is speaking, where, and when. Deixis includes pronouns like I, you, and demonstratives like this and that. The meaning of deictic expressions depends on the deictic center, which is the speaker's point of view in terms of person, place, and time. There are different types of deixis, including person deixis referring to speakers and addressees, place deixis indicating locations, and time deixis referring to moments in time. Deixis is a fundamental aspect of language that allows speakers to anchor meanings to the immediate context of an utterance.
Group 1. deixis
The document discusses different types of deixis, including person, time, place, and discourse deixis. It provides examples and definitions for each type. For person deixis, it defines first, second, and third person deixis and provides examples. For time deixis, it discusses concepts like encoding time, decoding time, and how tenses relate to time deixis. For place deixis, it examines terms like here, there, this, and that, and how place can be specified relative to locations. Finally, it notes that discourse deixis concerns using expressions to refer to portions of discourse, like referring to the last paragraph with "last paragraph."
Intro. to Linguistics_13 Pragmatics
Pragmatics is the study of meaning beyond the sentence level by taking context and non-linguistic knowledge into account. It involves understanding deixis, reference, presupposition, speech acts, politeness, and implicature. Pragmatics helps explain how more can be communicated than what is literally said through contextual cues. It plays a role where syntax and semantics alone may be ambiguous, such as in determining whether a sentence like "donut eats Diki" makes sense based on context. Pragmatics is key to understanding intended speaker meaning.
Distinctive features
The document discusses Roman Jakobson's theory of distinctive features, which proposes a universal set of features that define phonological contrasts in all languages. It describes the major classes of features - consonantal, sonorant, syllabic - that define major sound classes like consonants and vowels. It also explains laryngeal features for voicing, place features for articulation point, manner features for production method, and height and backness features for vowels. The theory aims to classify all sounds of a language based on a minimal set of binary distinctive features.
Discourse analysis
The document discusses discourse analysis and related linguistic concepts. It defines discourse as language above the sentence level, including stretches of spoken language that are coherent and meaningful. It describes two approaches to analyzing discourse: structural, which looks at grammatical relationships between units, and functional, which examines how language performs different social functions. Recent approaches view discourse as a social practice shaped by and having implications for social structures. The document also discusses speech act theory, which proposes that utterances in dialogue perform actions, such as asking a question or making a promise.
Speech error and slip of tongue
This document discusses different types of speech errors known as slips of the tongue. It describes common errors like spoonerisms where initial consonants are transposed, malapropisms involving similar sounding words, anticipations where a word's initial sound is replaced, and blends where two words fuse into one. Research suggests speech is pre-planned at an unconscious level and errors arise from how linguistic knowledge is stored and retrieved in the brain when we speak. Common causes of errors include fatigue, alcohol, or nervousness disrupting ideal speech delivery.
Deixis
(1) Deixis refers to the use of words or expressions whose meanings depend on the context of the utterance, such as who is speaking, their location in space and time, gestures, or the topic of discussion. Common deictic expressions include pronouns, demonstratives, temporal adverbs, and articles.
(2) Deixis is important in pragmatics and conversation analysis because it concerns how the structure of language relates to the context in which it is used. Deictic expressions point to elements either in the immediate physical context ("proximal") or not ("distal").
(3) There are different types of deixis, including personal deixis referring to people, temporal
conversation analysis
The document discusses key concepts in conversation analysis (CA). It defines CA as an approach to studying social interaction through both verbal and non-verbal conduct. Some main points covered include turn-taking rules and mechanisms, adjacency pairs and their functions, repair strategies, and applications of CA such as in education settings. CA takes an inductive approach, focusing on describing patterns found in natural conversation data.
Speech act theory
Speech act theory proposes that language is used not just to inform but also to perform actions. John Austin distinguished three acts in a speech act: the locutionary act of uttering words, the illocutionary act of conveying intended meaning, and the perlocutionary act of producing effects on listeners. John Searle later classified illocutionary acts into five categories: directives, commissives, representatives, declaratives, and expressives. Together, speech act theory explores how language is used to do things through utterances.
speech production in psycholinguistics
This document summarizes the stages of language production according to psycholinguistic models. It discusses four main stages:
1) Conceptualization, where thoughts are formed into a message. McNeil's theory that imagistic and syntactic thoughts collaborate is described.
2) Formulation, where the message is encoded into linguistic structures. Lashey's work on slips of the tongue and priming is mentioned.
3) Articulation, the physical production of speech, which involves coordinated use of respiratory, laryngeal, and supralaryngeal muscles and motor control from the brain.
4) Self-monitoring, where speakers detect and repair errors through interruptions, editing expressions, and different types
Semantics ppt
This document discusses key concepts in semantics including:
- Semantics is the study of meaning in language.
- Speaker meaning refers to what a speaker intends to convey, while sentence meaning refers to what a sentence or word means in a language.
- A theory is a precisely specified framework of statements and definitions that can describe basic facts.
- Referring expressions indicate things being talked about, while sense refers to a word's meaning and relationship to other words.
- Predicates describe states or processes that referring expressions are involved in. Predicates have degrees based on number of arguments.
Kelompok 6 semprag (cooperation and implicature)
The document discusses semantics and pragmatics, specifically cooperation and implicature. It defines cooperation as how components of a system work together, and implicature as something inferred from an utterance that is not necessary for its truth. Implicatures can be canceled or strengthened based on context. The cooperative principle and Grice's maxims are explained, along with conversational implicature, scalar implicature, particularized implicature, and properties of implicature like defeasibility. Hedges are also defined as devices that lessen impact.
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This document introduces the concepts of transactional and interactional functions of language. Transactional functions involve the expression of "content", aiming to communicate information. Interactional functions involve expressing social relations and personal attitudes. The distinction corresponds to other dichotomies in linguistics such as referential/emotive and ideational/interpersonal. While language often serves multiple functions simultaneously, the introduction focuses on distinguishing these major functions for analytic purposes. It also notes that most linguists adopt a transactional view that language's primary function is communicating information, though it acknowledges language also plays important interactional roles.
Pragmatics....!
The document discusses the topic of pragmatics, which is presented by a group including Mohammad Waqas, Tayyaba ishfaq, Rabia, and Danish. Pragmatics is introduced as the study of language in use and actual conversation, concerned with speaker meaning rather than dictionary definitions. While pragmatics involves social and psychological factors making it interdisciplinary, it is also considered a branch of linguistics. Key aspects of pragmatics discussed include speech acts, rhetorical structure, conversational implicature, and management of reference through deixis.
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*speech production
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Presentation of deixis
The document presents an overview of deixis, which refers to linguistic expressions whose meaning depends on the context of the utterance. It discusses the main categories of deixis, including person deixis (pronouns like I, you), place deixis (demonstratives like this, that), time deixis (temporal adverbs like now, then), discourse deixis (words referring to parts of the discourse), and social deixis (expressions encoding social relationships). Key points are that deictic expressions cannot be understood without context and indicate something relative to the speaker.
Conversational Implicature ,coperative principles , conventional implicature
This document provides an overview of conversational implicature including:
- Grice's contributions to implicature through his cooperative principles and how flouting them leads to implicature.
- Types of implicature such as generalized, particularized, and scalar.
- The difference between conversational and conventional implicature.
- Examples of implicature derived from flouting the Gricean maxims of quality, quantity, relation, and manner.
Deixis
The document discusses the linguistic concept of deixis. It defines deixis as referring to elements in language, such as pronouns and demonstratives, whose meaning is dependent on the context of the utterance. These deictic elements encode aspects of the utterance situation, such as the identities of the speaker and addressee, their location and the time. The document outlines different types of deixis, including person, place, time, discourse and social deixis. It also discusses philosophical approaches to analyzing indexical expressions and how context is important for interpreting utterances containing deictic elements.
Deixis
This document discusses deixis, which refers to words or phrases that depend on context for their meaning. It covers three main types of deixis: person deixis, which points to speakers and addressees; place deixis, which indicates locations; and time deixis, which refers to times. For each type, it provides examples and discusses related concepts like proximal and distal terms, vocatives, calendrical vs. non-calendrical time references, and how deixis depends on the deictic center of the speaker. It concludes by emphasizing the importance of understanding deixis to avoid misunderstandings in communication.
Introducing Pragmatics
Pragmatics is concerned with 4 main areas: 1) studying a speaker's intended meaning, 2) how context influences meaning, 3) how listeners infer more from what is said than just the literal words, and 4) how the level of closeness between speakers is expressed. It differs from semantics and syntax in that pragmatics considers the relationships between linguistic forms and the users of those forms, allowing human aspects like intentions and assumptions to be analyzed. Studying language through pragmatics allows us to better understand intended meanings but is more difficult to do in an objective, consistent way compared to semantics or syntax.
Approaches to discourse
The document discusses several approaches to studying discourse, including conversation analysis, variationist analysis, speech act theory, ethnography of communication, interactional sociolinguistics, and pragmatics. Conversation analysis focuses on the sequencing of utterances in conversation. Variationist analysis examines structural categories within spoken texts. Speech act theory analyzes the communicative acts performed through language. Ethnography of communication considers how communication reflects different cultures. Interactional sociolinguistics studies the social and linguistic meanings created during interaction. Pragmatics analyzes what speakers mean through their utterances.
Pragmatics: Introduction
This document discusses pragmatics and its relationship to linguistics. It defines pragmatics as the study of meaning as it relates to speakers, addressees, context and knowledge of language use. Pragmatics focuses on utterances within a given context. Unlike grammar, pragmatics allows humans into the analysis and looks at principles rather than rules. It deals with processes rather than products. The document provides several definitions of pragmatics and outlines its distinction from semantics and syntax.
Presupposition And Entailment By Dr.Shadia
The document discusses presuppositions and entailments in language. It defines presuppositions as assumptions that speakers make before making an utterance that the hearer already knows. Entailments are logical implications that follow from assertions in utterances. The document provides examples of different types of presupposition triggers in language, such as definite descriptions and factive verbs. It distinguishes between presuppositions and entailments, noting that speakers have presuppositions while sentences have entailments.
Language and Human's Brain
The document discusses the relationship between language and the human brain. It provides background on neurolinguistics, which is the study of how language is represented and processed in the brain. It then discusses some key differences between the human brain and other primates' brains that allow humans to acquire and use language. Some of the major areas of the brain involved in language are also outlined, such as Broca's area, Wernicke's area, and the arcuate fasciculus. Finally, some common language disorders like aphasia and dyslexia are briefly described.
Speech Acts And Speech Events, By Dr.Shadia Yousef Banjar.Pptx
The document discusses speech acts and speech events. It provides definitions and examples of key concepts:
1. Speech acts are the basic units of linguistic communication and can take the form of requests, apologies, greetings, etc.
2. Speech events are longer interactions composed of multiple speech acts that share a common purpose, topic, participants, and language variety. Examples include conversations, interviews.
3. Performatives are utterances like "I promise" that perform an action in their saying, as opposed to just describing something. Felicity conditions determine whether a speech act succeeds or fails based on the context and participants.
Language & mind
This document discusses language and the mind from several perspectives. It covers Universal Grammar and its relevance, the relationship between language and the mind including psycholinguistics, neurolinguistics, and cognitive science. It also discusses theories of the mind-body problem including dualism, materialism, idealism, and monism. Finally, it discusses Chomsky's theory of mentalism and innateness as well as the relationship between language and the structure and lateralization of the brain.
Grice's theory of conversational implicature
Grice's theory of implicature examines how speakers imply meanings beyond what is literally said through utterances. It distinguishes between what is said, based on literal meaning of words, and what is implicated or suggested. Grice provides an example where a speaker implies something different by saying "he hasn't been to prison yet." His theory also differentiates between conventional implicatures from literal meanings of words and conversational implicatures derived from cooperation between speakers. Grice proposes a cooperative principle and maxims like quality and quantity that speakers generally follow but can flout to generate implicatures. When maxims are flouted, hearers can infer additional intended meanings or implicatures.
Pragmatics
This document summarizes a power point presentation on pragmatics by Guillermo Torres. It defines pragmatics as the study of contextual meaning, speaker meaning, and how more is communicated than what is said. It discusses deixis, reference and inference, presupposition versus entailment, cooperation and implicature, speech acts, and politeness in interaction. The presentation provides examples and explanations of these key concepts in pragmatics.
GROUP 4 - DEIXIS.pptx
deixis is the use of general words and phrases to refer to a specific time, place, or person in context, e.g.
Deixis lecture
Deixis refers to expressions whose interpretation depends on the context of an utterance. There are several types of deixis:
1. Person deixis refers to the speaker, addressee, and other referents through pronouns and other grammatical features.
2. Place deixis encodes spatial locations relative to the participants.
3. Time deixis concerns temporal references using tenses, adverbs, and other markers relative to the time of utterance.
4. Discourse deixis refers to portions of the discourse using expressions like "this" and "that".
5. Social deixis encodes social relationships and statuses between participants through honorifics and other markers. Deix
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1) Conceptualization, where thoughts are formed into a message. McNeil's theory that imagistic and syntactic thoughts collaborate is described.
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3) Articulation, the physical production of speech, which involves coordinated use of respiratory, laryngeal, and supralaryngeal muscles and motor control from the brain.
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- A theory is a precisely specified framework of statements and definitions that can describe basic facts.
- Referring expressions indicate things being talked about, while sense refers to a word's meaning and relationship to other words.
- Predicates describe states or processes that referring expressions are involved in. Predicates have degrees based on number of arguments.
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Discourse analysis by gillian brown & george yule
This document introduces the concepts of transactional and interactional functions of language. Transactional functions involve the expression of "content", aiming to communicate information. Interactional functions involve expressing social relations and personal attitudes. The distinction corresponds to other dichotomies in linguistics such as referential/emotive and ideational/interpersonal. While language often serves multiple functions simultaneously, the introduction focuses on distinguishing these major functions for analytic purposes. It also notes that most linguists adopt a transactional view that language's primary function is communicating information, though it acknowledges language also plays important interactional roles.
Pragmatics....!
The document discusses the topic of pragmatics, which is presented by a group including Mohammad Waqas, Tayyaba ishfaq, Rabia, and Danish. Pragmatics is introduced as the study of language in use and actual conversation, concerned with speaker meaning rather than dictionary definitions. While pragmatics involves social and psychological factors making it interdisciplinary, it is also considered a branch of linguistics. Key aspects of pragmatics discussed include speech acts, rhetorical structure, conversational implicature, and management of reference through deixis.
Production of Speech
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Presentation of deixis
The document presents an overview of deixis, which refers to linguistic expressions whose meaning depends on the context of the utterance. It discusses the main categories of deixis, including person deixis (pronouns like I, you), place deixis (demonstratives like this, that), time deixis (temporal adverbs like now, then), discourse deixis (words referring to parts of the discourse), and social deixis (expressions encoding social relationships). Key points are that deictic expressions cannot be understood without context and indicate something relative to the speaker.
Conversational Implicature ,coperative principles , conventional implicature
This document provides an overview of conversational implicature including:
- Grice's contributions to implicature through his cooperative principles and how flouting them leads to implicature.
- Types of implicature such as generalized, particularized, and scalar.
- The difference between conversational and conventional implicature.
- Examples of implicature derived from flouting the Gricean maxims of quality, quantity, relation, and manner.
Deixis
The document discusses the linguistic concept of deixis. It defines deixis as referring to elements in language, such as pronouns and demonstratives, whose meaning is dependent on the context of the utterance. These deictic elements encode aspects of the utterance situation, such as the identities of the speaker and addressee, their location and the time. The document outlines different types of deixis, including person, place, time, discourse and social deixis. It also discusses philosophical approaches to analyzing indexical expressions and how context is important for interpreting utterances containing deictic elements.
Deixis
This document discusses deixis, which refers to words or phrases that depend on context for their meaning. It covers three main types of deixis: person deixis, which points to speakers and addressees; place deixis, which indicates locations; and time deixis, which refers to times. For each type, it provides examples and discusses related concepts like proximal and distal terms, vocatives, calendrical vs. non-calendrical time references, and how deixis depends on the deictic center of the speaker. It concludes by emphasizing the importance of understanding deixis to avoid misunderstandings in communication.
Introducing Pragmatics
Pragmatics is concerned with 4 main areas: 1) studying a speaker's intended meaning, 2) how context influences meaning, 3) how listeners infer more from what is said than just the literal words, and 4) how the level of closeness between speakers is expressed. It differs from semantics and syntax in that pragmatics considers the relationships between linguistic forms and the users of those forms, allowing human aspects like intentions and assumptions to be analyzed. Studying language through pragmatics allows us to better understand intended meanings but is more difficult to do in an objective, consistent way compared to semantics or syntax.
Approaches to discourse
The document discusses several approaches to studying discourse, including conversation analysis, variationist analysis, speech act theory, ethnography of communication, interactional sociolinguistics, and pragmatics. Conversation analysis focuses on the sequencing of utterances in conversation. Variationist analysis examines structural categories within spoken texts. Speech act theory analyzes the communicative acts performed through language. Ethnography of communication considers how communication reflects different cultures. Interactional sociolinguistics studies the social and linguistic meanings created during interaction. Pragmatics analyzes what speakers mean through their utterances.
Pragmatics: Introduction
This document discusses pragmatics and its relationship to linguistics. It defines pragmatics as the study of meaning as it relates to speakers, addressees, context and knowledge of language use. Pragmatics focuses on utterances within a given context. Unlike grammar, pragmatics allows humans into the analysis and looks at principles rather than rules. It deals with processes rather than products. The document provides several definitions of pragmatics and outlines its distinction from semantics and syntax.
Presupposition And Entailment By Dr.Shadia
The document discusses presuppositions and entailments in language. It defines presuppositions as assumptions that speakers make before making an utterance that the hearer already knows. Entailments are logical implications that follow from assertions in utterances. The document provides examples of different types of presupposition triggers in language, such as definite descriptions and factive verbs. It distinguishes between presuppositions and entailments, noting that speakers have presuppositions while sentences have entailments.
Language and Human's Brain
The document discusses the relationship between language and the human brain. It provides background on neurolinguistics, which is the study of how language is represented and processed in the brain. It then discusses some key differences between the human brain and other primates' brains that allow humans to acquire and use language. Some of the major areas of the brain involved in language are also outlined, such as Broca's area, Wernicke's area, and the arcuate fasciculus. Finally, some common language disorders like aphasia and dyslexia are briefly described.
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The document discusses speech acts and speech events. It provides definitions and examples of key concepts:
1. Speech acts are the basic units of linguistic communication and can take the form of requests, apologies, greetings, etc.
2. Speech events are longer interactions composed of multiple speech acts that share a common purpose, topic, participants, and language variety. Examples include conversations, interviews.
3. Performatives are utterances like "I promise" that perform an action in their saying, as opposed to just describing something. Felicity conditions determine whether a speech act succeeds or fails based on the context and participants.
Language & mind
This document discusses language and the mind from several perspectives. It covers Universal Grammar and its relevance, the relationship between language and the mind including psycholinguistics, neurolinguistics, and cognitive science. It also discusses theories of the mind-body problem including dualism, materialism, idealism, and monism. Finally, it discusses Chomsky's theory of mentalism and innateness as well as the relationship between language and the structure and lateralization of the brain.
Grice's theory of conversational implicature
Grice's theory of implicature examines how speakers imply meanings beyond what is literally said through utterances. It distinguishes between what is said, based on literal meaning of words, and what is implicated or suggested. Grice provides an example where a speaker implies something different by saying "he hasn't been to prison yet." His theory also differentiates between conventional implicatures from literal meanings of words and conversational implicatures derived from cooperation between speakers. Grice proposes a cooperative principle and maxims like quality and quantity that speakers generally follow but can flout to generate implicatures. When maxims are flouted, hearers can infer additional intended meanings or implicatures.
Pragmatics
This document summarizes a power point presentation on pragmatics by Guillermo Torres. It defines pragmatics as the study of contextual meaning, speaker meaning, and how more is communicated than what is said. It discusses deixis, reference and inference, presupposition versus entailment, cooperation and implicature, speech acts, and politeness in interaction. The presentation provides examples and explanations of these key concepts in pragmatics.
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GROUP 4 - DEIXIS.pptx
deixis is the use of general words and phrases to refer to a specific time, place, or person in context, e.g.
Deixis lecture
Deixis refers to expressions whose interpretation depends on the context of an utterance. There are several types of deixis:
1. Person deixis refers to the speaker, addressee, and other referents through pronouns and other grammatical features.
2. Place deixis encodes spatial locations relative to the participants.
3. Time deixis concerns temporal references using tenses, adverbs, and other markers relative to the time of utterance.
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Deixis refers to expressions like pronouns and demonstratives whose meaning depends on the context of the utterance. There are several types of deixis: person deixis refers to pronouns like I, you, he; place or spatial deixis includes terms like here, there; temporal or time deixis involves expressions of time like now, then. Discourse deixis refers to expressions used within a conversation or discourse. Social deixis encodes social information about status. Deixis helps situate speakers and addressees in relation to each other and the surrounding context through indexical expressions.
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This document defines and provides examples of deixis. It discusses how deixis refers to expressions that are dependent on the context of the utterance for their interpretation. There are several types of deixis defined, including person deixis which refers to speakers and addressees, place deixis which refers to spatial locations, and time deixis which locates points on the time axis relative to the moment of utterance. Social deixis refers to social roles and relationships, and discourse deixis refers to elements of future discourse. Deictic expressions are context-dependent and guide interpretation based on who is speaking, their location, and the time of the utterance.
Deixis.pptx
Deixis refers to words whose meaning depends on context, such as pronouns. There are several types of deixis: personal deixis refers to first, second, and third person pronouns; temporal deixis refers to words indicating time like now and tomorrow; spatial deixis refers to words indicating place like here and there; social deixis concerns words that reflect social relationships; and discourse deixis refers to elements that point to different parts of a discourse. Deixis allows speakers to communicate efficiently by using words that take on specific meanings depending on the context and participants in the speech act.
Chapter 2 deixis (the relation of reference to the point of origin of the utt...
This document discusses deixis, which is the relation of reference to the point of origin of an utterance. It explains that deictic expressions like pronouns and demonstratives depend on context for their meaning. There are three main types of deixis: person deixis which points to people or things; place deixis which indicates spatial locations; and time deixis which refers to times relative to the moment of utterance. The deictic center is generally the speaker, the present time, and the speaker's location. Context influences the meaning and deictic reference of expressions. Understanding the relationship between the speaker and hearer in a given context is important for interpreting deictic terms properly.
Deixis
This document discusses the linguistic concept of deixis. Deixis refers to expressions whose meaning depends on the context of the utterance. It describes deixis as pointing to people, objects, events, etc. in relation to the speaker and addressee. The document then discusses different types of deixis, including person, time, place, and social deixis. It provides examples and explanations of how each type is grammaticalized in different languages.
chapter-2-150531111554-lva1-app6891 (1).pdf
Deixis refers to words whose meaning depends on context, such as pronouns and expressions of time, place, and social relationships. There are several types of deixis:
1) Person deixis includes pronouns that refer to the speaker (I/me), addressee (you), or others (he/she).
2) Spatial or place deixis refers to location using words like here, there, this, and that.
3) Temporal or time deixis uses expressions like now, then, tomorrow to indicate when events occur.
4) Social deixis conveys social relationships through honorifics and relative social status. Deixis allows language to link words
deixis-and-distance
Deixis refers to words whose meaning depends on context, such as pronouns and expressions of time, place, and social relationships. There are several types of deixis:
1) Person deixis includes pronouns that refer to the speaker (I/me), addressee (you), and others (he/she).
2) Spatial or place deixis refers to location using words like here, there, this, and that.
3) Temporal or time deixis uses expressions like now, then, tomorrow to indicate when events occur.
4) Social deixis conveys social relationships through honorifics and relative social status. Deixis allows language to link words
Deiksis (Deixsis)
Bahan kuliah Pragmatik (Deiksis) dari Prof. Dr. E. Aminudin Aziz di Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia.
REFERENCE
1. Definition of referents and referring expression.
2. example of referents and referring expression
3. Extension and Intension
4. Some different kinds of referents
4.1 unique and non unique referents
4.2 concrete and abstract
4.3 countable and uncountable
5. Different ways of referring
5.1 Generic and non-generic reference
5.2 Specific and non-specific reference
5.3 Definite and indefinite reference
6. Deixis
7. Example of deixis
8. Anaphora
9. Shifts in ways of referring
10. referential ambiguity
Pragmatics
The document defines pragmatics and discusses several key concepts in pragmatics including:
- Pragmatics is the study of how context contributes to meaning and involves speaker's intended meaning. It examines how words are used in practical situations.
- Context, both linguistic (co-text) and physical, influence word interpretation. Deixis involves words that point to people, places, times and require context.
- Other concepts discussed include reference, inference, anaphora, presupposition, speech acts, and politeness which involves consideration of another's self image or "face".
Coherence, cohesion and deixis
The document discusses coherence, cohesion, and deixis. It defines coherence as how meanings and sequences of ideas relate to each other. Cohesion is created through grammatical and lexical links within a text. Deixis refers to linguistic elements that depend on context for meaning, such as pronouns and demonstratives like "this" and "that."
Tense and deixis
This document discusses tense and deixis in English. It defines tense as the grammatical representation of location in time, specifically distinguishing among past, present, and future. It notes that tense typically uses the present moment as a reference point. Deixis is defined as the use of expressions whose meaning depends on the context of the utterance, such as references to speakers, time, place, gestures, or locations in a discourse. The document outlines different types of deixis, including personal deixis referring to speakers and addressees, time deixis using moments relative to utterance, place deixis using locations relative to participants, social deixis concerning authorized recipients, and discourse deixis referring to elements of the discourse itself.
Unit 7 - Deixis and Definiteness
This document discusses deixis and definiteness in language. It defines deictic words as words that take on meaning based on the context of the utterance, such as pronouns. Definiteness refers to whether a noun phrase assumes the listener can identify its referent based on the context. The use of definite and indefinite articles and expressions helps establish and refer to entities in the conversation context. Deixis allows language to be portable across situations by anchoring word meanings to utterance context.
Week 8 deixis
Deixis refers to the use of pronouns, demonstratives, and other expressions that indicate spatial, temporal, or personal orientation. There are several types of deixis, including personal deixis which uses pronouns like "I" and "you" to orient utterances to speakers and listeners. Spatial deixis uses demonstratives like "this" and "that" and adverbs like "here" and "there" to indicate orientation in space. Temporal deixis marks orientation in time through expressions like "now", "tomorrow", and "last year". Textual deixis orients utterances with respect to other utterances in a text through references like "that".
Pragmatics: Deixis
Deixis refers to linguistic expressions that depend on context for their interpretation. There are several types of deixis: spatial deixis indicates locations relative to the speaker, such as "here" and "there"; temporal deixis involves time expressions like "now" and "then"; person deixis distinguishes the speaker, addressee, and other people or things; discourse deixis refers to parts of the discourse; and social deixis concerns social relationships and statuses. Deixis is a fundamental aspect of pragmatics as it connects language structures to the contexts in which they are used.
Diectic expression
Diectic expressions are words that depend on context for their meaning. They point to people, places, things, or times relative to the situation. There are three main types of deixis: personal deixis refers to pronouns like I, you, he, she; spatial deixis relates to location using words like here and there; and temporal deixis concerns orientation in time with tenses like present and past. Deictic words require additional context outside of the words themselves to derive meaning, such as who is speaking, where, and when.
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Deixis
- 2. What is Deixis? According to C.W. Kreidler (1994 : 144), “The method of relating to the spatial temporal context of the utterance is labelled as deixis (in greek it means pointing with words)”. It is supported by Charles. F.Meyer ( 2009 : 182) “Words also have a pointing function commonly referred to as deixis”. as an illustration of pointing function of languages, consider two utterances below: Ray Maglozzi : Don’t drive like my brother Teo Maglozzi : Don’t drive like my brother
- 3. Deixis as Parts of Reference Deixis or the method of pointing something with words is also a part of reference. Why? the referential meaning means make the words which actually have a literally meaning but changed into the speaker meaning. and it is happened as well in deixis, which has pointing function that can refers the meaning into the meaning the speaker means
- 4. Classification of Deixis Charles F. Meyer ( 2009 ), there are three classification of deixis 1. Referential Deixis Referential deixis is the deixis which is used to point a word or words refer to something. The speaker refers to: Themself : I, me and we and us The addresse : you (singular and plural) Other people or third people : he/him, she/her, it, they/them Example : Would you like to have an ice cream cone? He tried to hurt me but they came to the rescue
- 5. 2. Spatial Deixis Spatial deixis is the deixis which is used to point a place The speaker’s purpose : Identify entities : demonstrative pronouns (this/these : that/those) Inform about location of an entity : adverbs (here/there), prepositions (above/below) Acknowledge location of an entity : (come/go) Example : He was sitting over there We love living here
- 6. 3. Temporal Deixis Temporal deixis is the deixis which is used to point the time. It locates time or points or intervals on the time axis using the moment of utterance, as a reference point. Deictic elements that can be identified: Time Adverbials: before, yesterday, last year (before utterance), today, now (moment of utterance), soon, after (after utterance) “Did you call me last night? Tenses Rachael booked a cake Rachael is booking a cake Rachael had booked a cake
- 7. Anaphora According to Charles W. Kreidler (1994 : 145) ,Anaphora is a kind of secondary reference in which a previous reference is recalled by use of special function words or equivalent lexemes. Examples : Jack and Jill tried to lift the box and push it onto the top shelf.
- 8. Referential Ambiguity Misunderstandings occur when the speaker has one referent in mind but the listener thinks it is different. Some referential ambiguity occurs when : 1. An idefinite referring expression may be specific or not I wanted to buy a newspaper Here a newspaper may refer to a specific newspaper or some newspaper,any newspaper. 2. Anaphora is unclear because a personal pronoun, he, she, it or they, can be linked to either of two referring expressions: Jack told Ralph that a visitor was waiting for him.
- 9. the pronoun you is used generically or specifically: If you want to get ahead, you have to work hard Is you the addressee or is this sentence a general platitude?) 4. a noun phrase with every can have distributed reference or collected reference: 35 I’m buying a drink for everybody here. (One drink for all or one drink for each?)