Oil spills have devastating effects on marine animals and ecosystems. They can take months or years to fully clean up and kill millions of fish and sea creatures. When animals' feathers, fur, or skin come into contact with oil, it can poison them if ingested, clog their airways and cause them to drown or lose buoyancy and body heat regulation. The 2010 Deepwater Horizon spill in the Gulf of Mexico was the largest in history, releasing over 200 million gallons of oil over three months and severely damaging fish populations and coastal wildlife for years. Preventing future spills requires careful inspection and maintenance of equipment, safer transportation practices, and technologies like double hulling to minimize leaks.
The Exxon Valdez oil spill in Prince William Sound, Alaska in 1989 spilled between 26,000-750,000 barrels of crude oil, covering 2,100km of coastline. The spill had devastating environmental impacts, killing over 100,000 seabirds, 2,800 sea otters, and other wildlife. Exxon was criticized for its slow and inadequate response, including failing to provide a crew or equipment for cleanup and not apologizing or taking responsibility in the aftermath. Over 20 years later, some oil from the spill still remained in the environment. The spill had long lasting negative public relations impacts for Exxon due to its failure to follow its own emergency procedures or show proper leadership and concern in responding to
The document discusses the global impacts of toxic oil spills on marine life and habitats. It notes that oil spills release hydrocarbons and other pollutants that block sunlight and lower oxygen levels in water, creating barriers for marine life. Researchers are studying long-term impacts like mutations or adaptations in marine creatures exposed to polluted environments from past oil disasters. The frequency of oil spills is increasing with rising global energy consumption, putting more marine ecosystems at risk of damage that can last for decades.
Offshore oil drilling poses risks to the marine environment at every stage. Seismic testing used to locate reserves disorients and harms marine mammals. Drilling and transportation of oil risks catastrophic spills that have long-lasting impacts, as seen with the Deepwater Horizon spill which killed wildlife and disrupted food webs for years. Chronic low-level pollution from drilling and transportation also harms organisms and ecosystems through toxicity, habitat damage, and food web disruption.
The Deepwater Horizon oil spill severely impacted fishing industries in the Gulf of Mexico, with the menhaden fishery experiencing a third reduction and shrimp catches falling by 70%. Tourism along the Gulf coast sharply declined by 21-28% in some areas. The spill threatened endangered species through oil slicks, tar balls, and underwater oil plumes disrupting deep sea ecosystems. The full environmental damage may take decades to understand. BP was required to pay $75 million initially for response and restoration due to the spill.
The document discusses the sources and impacts of oil spills in oceans. It states that over half of the approximately 706 million gallons of waste oil that enters oceans each year comes from land-based sources like cities and farms, while offshore drilling and transportation accidents each account for less than 10%. When oil spills occur, the oil can damage shorelines, fisheries and wildlife by poisoning and smothering organisms and interrupting food chains. Cleanup is difficult and environmental recovery depends on the type of oil and affected habitat.
Antarctica has no permanent human residents but is used for scientific research. Global warming is having serious effects on Antarctica such as melting ice shelves and decreasing populations of penguins and krill. The melting ice caps and rising sea levels caused by climate change in Antarctica threaten coastal lands and could lead to food shortages and natural disasters around the world.
Oil spills have devastating effects on marine animals and ecosystems. They can take months or years to fully clean up and kill millions of fish and sea creatures. When animals' feathers, fur, or skin come into contact with oil, it can poison them if ingested, clog their airways and cause them to drown or lose buoyancy and body heat regulation. The 2010 Deepwater Horizon spill in the Gulf of Mexico was the largest in history, releasing over 200 million gallons of oil over three months and severely damaging fish populations and coastal wildlife for years. Preventing future spills requires careful inspection and maintenance of equipment, safer transportation practices, and technologies like double hulling to minimize leaks.
The Exxon Valdez oil spill in Prince William Sound, Alaska in 1989 spilled between 26,000-750,000 barrels of crude oil, covering 2,100km of coastline. The spill had devastating environmental impacts, killing over 100,000 seabirds, 2,800 sea otters, and other wildlife. Exxon was criticized for its slow and inadequate response, including failing to provide a crew or equipment for cleanup and not apologizing or taking responsibility in the aftermath. Over 20 years later, some oil from the spill still remained in the environment. The spill had long lasting negative public relations impacts for Exxon due to its failure to follow its own emergency procedures or show proper leadership and concern in responding to
The document discusses the global impacts of toxic oil spills on marine life and habitats. It notes that oil spills release hydrocarbons and other pollutants that block sunlight and lower oxygen levels in water, creating barriers for marine life. Researchers are studying long-term impacts like mutations or adaptations in marine creatures exposed to polluted environments from past oil disasters. The frequency of oil spills is increasing with rising global energy consumption, putting more marine ecosystems at risk of damage that can last for decades.
Offshore oil drilling poses risks to the marine environment at every stage. Seismic testing used to locate reserves disorients and harms marine mammals. Drilling and transportation of oil risks catastrophic spills that have long-lasting impacts, as seen with the Deepwater Horizon spill which killed wildlife and disrupted food webs for years. Chronic low-level pollution from drilling and transportation also harms organisms and ecosystems through toxicity, habitat damage, and food web disruption.
The Deepwater Horizon oil spill severely impacted fishing industries in the Gulf of Mexico, with the menhaden fishery experiencing a third reduction and shrimp catches falling by 70%. Tourism along the Gulf coast sharply declined by 21-28% in some areas. The spill threatened endangered species through oil slicks, tar balls, and underwater oil plumes disrupting deep sea ecosystems. The full environmental damage may take decades to understand. BP was required to pay $75 million initially for response and restoration due to the spill.
The document discusses the sources and impacts of oil spills in oceans. It states that over half of the approximately 706 million gallons of waste oil that enters oceans each year comes from land-based sources like cities and farms, while offshore drilling and transportation accidents each account for less than 10%. When oil spills occur, the oil can damage shorelines, fisheries and wildlife by poisoning and smothering organisms and interrupting food chains. Cleanup is difficult and environmental recovery depends on the type of oil and affected habitat.
Antarctica has no permanent human residents but is used for scientific research. Global warming is having serious effects on Antarctica such as melting ice shelves and decreasing populations of penguins and krill. The melting ice caps and rising sea levels caused by climate change in Antarctica threaten coastal lands and could lead to food shortages and natural disasters around the world.
Climate change and natural resources management in SIDS in the context of imp...FAO
Small island developing states face significant challenges to managing natural resources and ensuring food security due to climate change impacts like sea level rise, increased temperatures, and more extreme weather. This threatens agriculture, fisheries, and livelihoods. SIDS also struggle with import-reliance, limited land, and competition over land use. To address these issues, SIDS are prioritizing disaster risk reduction, building climate resilience, establishing coordination frameworks, and developing financial mechanisms to support recovery efforts. Partnerships across agencies and internationally are also key to supporting adaptation efforts.
An oil spill refers to the release of liquid petroleum hydrocarbons into the marine environment due to human activity. Oil spills can take months or years to clean up and strongly affect seabirds and marine wildlife. The Deepwater Horizon oil spill in 2010 was the largest marine oil spill in history, releasing 205.8 million gallons of oil into the Gulf of Mexico over three months and killing 11 workers and 33% of fish in the area. Oil spills decrease water quality and cause respiratory issues or suffocation in marine mammals. Cleanup methods include using booms, dispersants, and controlled burning to reduce the amount of spilled oil.
Oil spills can occur from various sources including accidental spills, leaks, storm water runoff, and waste disposal. While offshore drilling contributes a small amount (2.1%) of oil in the ocean annually, transportation accidents contribute more (5.2%). When an oil spill occurs, the oil spreads on the surface and is moved by currents and wind, impacting open ocean, coastal, and shoreline areas. Oil that reaches shorelines can contaminate beaches, rocks, vegetation, and wildlife habitats both on land and at sea, causing damage to fisheries, wildlife, recreation, and long-term effects on shoreline areas. Truly preventing oil spills requires responsibility and care from individuals, governments, and industries
The document discusses oil spills, providing details about the Deepwater Horizon spill in the Gulf of Mexico in 2010. It describes how the spill occurred from an explosion on the BP operated Deepwater Horizon rig, flowing for 87 days. The spill caused extensive damage to marine life and coastal communities through large areas of contaminated water. Cleanup required long-term containment and removal efforts, with impacts still being studied years later. The spill was ultimately blamed on defective cement and cost-cutting by BP and its partners.
This document discusses oil spills and their effects on the environment. It provides background on major oil spills such as the Exxon Valdez and Deepwater Horizon incidents. Oil spills can have devastating short and long-term impacts on ecosystems by killing wildlife, damaging habitats, and disrupting the food chain. They also harm the economy through lost industries like fishing and tourism. The document outlines different cleanup methods and their drawbacks. While response efforts have improved, more needs to be done to prevent spills and minimize environmental damage through better regulations and preparedness.
The document summarizes an oil spill that occurred in Ennore, India in January 2017. A collision between two ships caused 200 tons of heavy furnace oil to spill into the sea, polluting beaches and harming marine life. Local fishermen could no longer fish, affecting their livelihoods. Volunteers helped with cleanup efforts but faced health issues from exposure to the toxic oil. The spill impacted the environment, marine life, local economies and public health. An investigation found deficiencies in the initial emergency response, including delayed actions, inadequate resources, and unprotected volunteers performing cleanup.
21.3 - SW Asia Human Environment InteractionDan Ewert
The document summarizes human-environment interaction in Southwest Asia. It notes that the region is hot and dry, making water an important resource as the population increases. Dams and irrigation systems have been constructed to divert rivers for water storage and irrigation, though these disrupt natural river ecosystems. Modern methods like drip irrigation and desalination plants provide alternatives, but are costly and produce waste. The region also relies heavily on fossil fuels like oil, discovered in the early 20th century, which has brought wealth but risks like potential oil spills from large supertankers transporting crude oil internationally.
Climate change is causing negative effects like changing seasons that allow diseases to spread farther north, changing rainfall patterns, and more frequent/intense hurricanes, tornadoes, and floods. Higher temperatures are warming oceans and allowing hurricanes to be stronger and more destructive. Climate change also threatens global food supply by potentially reducing crop yields through more droughts and floods, and could lead to food shortages and famine in poorer regions if harvests decline. Coastal cities face flooding risks from rising sea levels.
Turning the challenge of climate change into an opportunity for long-term sustainable prosperity will require a transformation in the way we produce and consume energy – a Clean Revolution that enables us to meet the needs of the world’s population while conserving the very planet that allows us to survive.
“Let’s Save the Planet” lays out clearly the challenge we face and the steps we must take to meet it. Unlike the many reports that highlight the threat of climate change, but sadly conclude that the necessary steps to cut emissions and mitigate climate change cannot – or will not – be taken, "Let’s Save the Planet" shows the steps we need to take in the short-term are in fact relatively modest, and well within our grasp, but also that many of the actions needed bring a wealth of other benefits – improved local environments, heath, security, jobs and increased productivity, to name but a few.
The document provides information about oil spills, including what they are, their causes, effects, and cleanup methods. It defines an oil spill as the release of liquid petroleum into the environment, usually from human activity. Major oil spills discussed include the M/T Haven which spilled 42 million gallons in Italy in 1991, and the Nowruz Oil Field spill of 80 million gallons in the Persian Gulf in 1983 during the Iran-Iraq War. The effects of oil spills are described for local industries, human health, and marine ecosystems. Methods of cleaning up oil spills discussed include booms, burning, dispersants, and skimmers.
The document discusses several environmental problems related to rising global temperatures and ocean pollution. It notes that world leaders at the upcoming Copenhagen Climate Conference may fail to reach a binding agreement to replace the Kyoto Protocol. Additionally, there has been little discussion of protecting oceans and seas from overfishing and pollution. The document also outlines geographical problems like droughts and melting Arctic ice that threaten to raise sea levels and force coastal populations to relocate. Rising seas would further exacerbate social problems like lack of access to clean water.
Global warming refers to the rising average temperature of the Earth caused mainly by increased greenhouse gas emissions from human activities like burning fossil fuels and deforestation. Some effects of global warming include melting glaciers and ice caps, rising sea levels, and more extreme weather events. If left unaddressed, global warming could severely impact human agriculture, water supplies, and living conditions. The document recommends reducing fossil fuel usage, transitioning to renewable energy, improving waste management, stopping deforestation, and following policies of reduce, reuse, recycle to mitigate the effects of climate change.
British petroleum & gulf oil spill of 2010Aditi Podder
BP is the third largest energy company in the world. In 2010, an explosion on the BP-operated Deepwater Horizon rig caused the largest marine oil spill in history. Over 3 months, nearly 5 million barrels of oil spilled into the Gulf of Mexico, causing extensive environmental and economic damage. BP spent billions on cleanup and restoration efforts. New technologies were employed to contain, disperse, and remove the spilled oil, including booms, dispersants, and microbes. However, a large percentage of oil remains in the Gulf environment over a decade later. The spill significantly impacted tourism and fishing industries and wildlife in the region. BP continues restoration work and moving towards more sustainable biofuel production.
The document discusses the main causes and effects of water pollution. It states that water pollution comes from human sewage, industrial waste, oil spills, farm runoff, and plastic waste entering waterways and oceans. These pollutants make their way up the food chain and can poison both wildlife and humans. The document also outlines some international agreements to limit pollution from ships and prevent dumping of hazardous materials, as well as recommendations for individuals to reduce waste and reuse materials to help address the problem of water pollution.
Oil is a necessity in the industrial society and a major element of our lifestyle. In fact, production and consumption of oil and petroleum products are increasing, and the risk of oil pollution is increasing accordingly.
The document discusses different types of coastal erosion including hydraulic action, corrasion, attrition, and corrosion that break down cliff rock through wave action. It also describes coastal deposition features and how human activity can accelerate the natural rate of cliff erosion. Finally, it lists factors that contribute to coastal flooding such as severe storms, high tides, rising sea levels from global warming, and characteristics of areas at risk including low-lying and flat lands behind the coastline.
Farmers in Bangladesh face significant challenges from environmental changes like unpredictable monsoons and heavy rains causing landslides. Climate change is causing rising temperatures and sea levels as well as more extreme weather events. This disrupts agricultural production which relies on consistent monsoon rains. It also degrades the land over time through erosion and reduced soil fertility. Bangladesh will require substantial investments and support to implement adaptation strategies that boost the climate resilience of vulnerable communities and protect livelihoods.
The document discusses sea level rise due to climate change. It is caused by thermal expansion of ocean water as temperatures rise and by melting ice sheets and glaciers which adds water to the oceans. The regions most at risk are southern and southeast Asia, eastern and western Africa, and the Mediterranean coast. Low-lying Pacific, Indian, and Caribbean islands are also very vulnerable. Consequences include more frequent coastal flooding, erosion, and risks to coastal infrastructure and habitats. Reducing global warming by cutting emissions is identified as the primary solution along with coastal protection structures and managed retreat from vulnerable areas.
Oil spill (Causes, Control and Prevention)Nitish Prasad
Presentation on Oil Spill presented during my 8th Semester at Department of Petroleum Engineering, Dibrugarh University Institute of Engineering and Technology.
The document discusses various methods for cleaning up oil spills. It notes that over 3 million metric tons of oil pollute the oceans each year, primarily from land runoff and shipping accidents. Oil spills pose hazards such as fire, contaminated drinking water, and harm to tourism. They can kill plants and animals and harm humans. Cleanup methods discussed include dispersants, burning, bioremediation, booms, and skimmers. Dispersants break up oil but can harm marine life. Burning can remove 98% of oil if thick enough but produces air pollution. Bioremediation uses bacteria and nutrients to break down oil more quickly. Booms contain oil using floating barriers, while skimmers vacuum, blot, or
Trees are the most valuable thing on the planet because they regulate the climate by absorbing 60% of global fossil fuel emissions each year. Climate change is causing rising temperatures, sea levels, and species extinction due to human alteration of land and oceans. While Japan is generally clean, pollution from other countries still impacts it, requiring collective global action to protect the environment such as planting more trees, reducing deforestation, better waste management, and valuing nature over material goods.
Climate change and natural resources management in SIDS in the context of imp...FAO
Small island developing states face significant challenges to managing natural resources and ensuring food security due to climate change impacts like sea level rise, increased temperatures, and more extreme weather. This threatens agriculture, fisheries, and livelihoods. SIDS also struggle with import-reliance, limited land, and competition over land use. To address these issues, SIDS are prioritizing disaster risk reduction, building climate resilience, establishing coordination frameworks, and developing financial mechanisms to support recovery efforts. Partnerships across agencies and internationally are also key to supporting adaptation efforts.
An oil spill refers to the release of liquid petroleum hydrocarbons into the marine environment due to human activity. Oil spills can take months or years to clean up and strongly affect seabirds and marine wildlife. The Deepwater Horizon oil spill in 2010 was the largest marine oil spill in history, releasing 205.8 million gallons of oil into the Gulf of Mexico over three months and killing 11 workers and 33% of fish in the area. Oil spills decrease water quality and cause respiratory issues or suffocation in marine mammals. Cleanup methods include using booms, dispersants, and controlled burning to reduce the amount of spilled oil.
Oil spills can occur from various sources including accidental spills, leaks, storm water runoff, and waste disposal. While offshore drilling contributes a small amount (2.1%) of oil in the ocean annually, transportation accidents contribute more (5.2%). When an oil spill occurs, the oil spreads on the surface and is moved by currents and wind, impacting open ocean, coastal, and shoreline areas. Oil that reaches shorelines can contaminate beaches, rocks, vegetation, and wildlife habitats both on land and at sea, causing damage to fisheries, wildlife, recreation, and long-term effects on shoreline areas. Truly preventing oil spills requires responsibility and care from individuals, governments, and industries
The document discusses oil spills, providing details about the Deepwater Horizon spill in the Gulf of Mexico in 2010. It describes how the spill occurred from an explosion on the BP operated Deepwater Horizon rig, flowing for 87 days. The spill caused extensive damage to marine life and coastal communities through large areas of contaminated water. Cleanup required long-term containment and removal efforts, with impacts still being studied years later. The spill was ultimately blamed on defective cement and cost-cutting by BP and its partners.
This document discusses oil spills and their effects on the environment. It provides background on major oil spills such as the Exxon Valdez and Deepwater Horizon incidents. Oil spills can have devastating short and long-term impacts on ecosystems by killing wildlife, damaging habitats, and disrupting the food chain. They also harm the economy through lost industries like fishing and tourism. The document outlines different cleanup methods and their drawbacks. While response efforts have improved, more needs to be done to prevent spills and minimize environmental damage through better regulations and preparedness.
The document summarizes an oil spill that occurred in Ennore, India in January 2017. A collision between two ships caused 200 tons of heavy furnace oil to spill into the sea, polluting beaches and harming marine life. Local fishermen could no longer fish, affecting their livelihoods. Volunteers helped with cleanup efforts but faced health issues from exposure to the toxic oil. The spill impacted the environment, marine life, local economies and public health. An investigation found deficiencies in the initial emergency response, including delayed actions, inadequate resources, and unprotected volunteers performing cleanup.
21.3 - SW Asia Human Environment InteractionDan Ewert
The document summarizes human-environment interaction in Southwest Asia. It notes that the region is hot and dry, making water an important resource as the population increases. Dams and irrigation systems have been constructed to divert rivers for water storage and irrigation, though these disrupt natural river ecosystems. Modern methods like drip irrigation and desalination plants provide alternatives, but are costly and produce waste. The region also relies heavily on fossil fuels like oil, discovered in the early 20th century, which has brought wealth but risks like potential oil spills from large supertankers transporting crude oil internationally.
Climate change is causing negative effects like changing seasons that allow diseases to spread farther north, changing rainfall patterns, and more frequent/intense hurricanes, tornadoes, and floods. Higher temperatures are warming oceans and allowing hurricanes to be stronger and more destructive. Climate change also threatens global food supply by potentially reducing crop yields through more droughts and floods, and could lead to food shortages and famine in poorer regions if harvests decline. Coastal cities face flooding risks from rising sea levels.
Turning the challenge of climate change into an opportunity for long-term sustainable prosperity will require a transformation in the way we produce and consume energy – a Clean Revolution that enables us to meet the needs of the world’s population while conserving the very planet that allows us to survive.
“Let’s Save the Planet” lays out clearly the challenge we face and the steps we must take to meet it. Unlike the many reports that highlight the threat of climate change, but sadly conclude that the necessary steps to cut emissions and mitigate climate change cannot – or will not – be taken, "Let’s Save the Planet" shows the steps we need to take in the short-term are in fact relatively modest, and well within our grasp, but also that many of the actions needed bring a wealth of other benefits – improved local environments, heath, security, jobs and increased productivity, to name but a few.
The document provides information about oil spills, including what they are, their causes, effects, and cleanup methods. It defines an oil spill as the release of liquid petroleum into the environment, usually from human activity. Major oil spills discussed include the M/T Haven which spilled 42 million gallons in Italy in 1991, and the Nowruz Oil Field spill of 80 million gallons in the Persian Gulf in 1983 during the Iran-Iraq War. The effects of oil spills are described for local industries, human health, and marine ecosystems. Methods of cleaning up oil spills discussed include booms, burning, dispersants, and skimmers.
The document discusses several environmental problems related to rising global temperatures and ocean pollution. It notes that world leaders at the upcoming Copenhagen Climate Conference may fail to reach a binding agreement to replace the Kyoto Protocol. Additionally, there has been little discussion of protecting oceans and seas from overfishing and pollution. The document also outlines geographical problems like droughts and melting Arctic ice that threaten to raise sea levels and force coastal populations to relocate. Rising seas would further exacerbate social problems like lack of access to clean water.
Global warming refers to the rising average temperature of the Earth caused mainly by increased greenhouse gas emissions from human activities like burning fossil fuels and deforestation. Some effects of global warming include melting glaciers and ice caps, rising sea levels, and more extreme weather events. If left unaddressed, global warming could severely impact human agriculture, water supplies, and living conditions. The document recommends reducing fossil fuel usage, transitioning to renewable energy, improving waste management, stopping deforestation, and following policies of reduce, reuse, recycle to mitigate the effects of climate change.
British petroleum & gulf oil spill of 2010Aditi Podder
BP is the third largest energy company in the world. In 2010, an explosion on the BP-operated Deepwater Horizon rig caused the largest marine oil spill in history. Over 3 months, nearly 5 million barrels of oil spilled into the Gulf of Mexico, causing extensive environmental and economic damage. BP spent billions on cleanup and restoration efforts. New technologies were employed to contain, disperse, and remove the spilled oil, including booms, dispersants, and microbes. However, a large percentage of oil remains in the Gulf environment over a decade later. The spill significantly impacted tourism and fishing industries and wildlife in the region. BP continues restoration work and moving towards more sustainable biofuel production.
The document discusses the main causes and effects of water pollution. It states that water pollution comes from human sewage, industrial waste, oil spills, farm runoff, and plastic waste entering waterways and oceans. These pollutants make their way up the food chain and can poison both wildlife and humans. The document also outlines some international agreements to limit pollution from ships and prevent dumping of hazardous materials, as well as recommendations for individuals to reduce waste and reuse materials to help address the problem of water pollution.
Oil is a necessity in the industrial society and a major element of our lifestyle. In fact, production and consumption of oil and petroleum products are increasing, and the risk of oil pollution is increasing accordingly.
The document discusses different types of coastal erosion including hydraulic action, corrasion, attrition, and corrosion that break down cliff rock through wave action. It also describes coastal deposition features and how human activity can accelerate the natural rate of cliff erosion. Finally, it lists factors that contribute to coastal flooding such as severe storms, high tides, rising sea levels from global warming, and characteristics of areas at risk including low-lying and flat lands behind the coastline.
Farmers in Bangladesh face significant challenges from environmental changes like unpredictable monsoons and heavy rains causing landslides. Climate change is causing rising temperatures and sea levels as well as more extreme weather events. This disrupts agricultural production which relies on consistent monsoon rains. It also degrades the land over time through erosion and reduced soil fertility. Bangladesh will require substantial investments and support to implement adaptation strategies that boost the climate resilience of vulnerable communities and protect livelihoods.
The document discusses sea level rise due to climate change. It is caused by thermal expansion of ocean water as temperatures rise and by melting ice sheets and glaciers which adds water to the oceans. The regions most at risk are southern and southeast Asia, eastern and western Africa, and the Mediterranean coast. Low-lying Pacific, Indian, and Caribbean islands are also very vulnerable. Consequences include more frequent coastal flooding, erosion, and risks to coastal infrastructure and habitats. Reducing global warming by cutting emissions is identified as the primary solution along with coastal protection structures and managed retreat from vulnerable areas.
Oil spill (Causes, Control and Prevention)Nitish Prasad
Presentation on Oil Spill presented during my 8th Semester at Department of Petroleum Engineering, Dibrugarh University Institute of Engineering and Technology.
The document discusses various methods for cleaning up oil spills. It notes that over 3 million metric tons of oil pollute the oceans each year, primarily from land runoff and shipping accidents. Oil spills pose hazards such as fire, contaminated drinking water, and harm to tourism. They can kill plants and animals and harm humans. Cleanup methods discussed include dispersants, burning, bioremediation, booms, and skimmers. Dispersants break up oil but can harm marine life. Burning can remove 98% of oil if thick enough but produces air pollution. Bioremediation uses bacteria and nutrients to break down oil more quickly. Booms contain oil using floating barriers, while skimmers vacuum, blot, or
Trees are the most valuable thing on the planet because they regulate the climate by absorbing 60% of global fossil fuel emissions each year. Climate change is causing rising temperatures, sea levels, and species extinction due to human alteration of land and oceans. While Japan is generally clean, pollution from other countries still impacts it, requiring collective global action to protect the environment such as planting more trees, reducing deforestation, better waste management, and valuing nature over material goods.
British Petroleum 1British Petroleum Jus.docxAASTHA76
British Petroleum
1
British Petroleum
Justin Butler
PHI 445: Personal & Organizational Ethics
Instructor Suzanne Humphrey
June 5th 2017
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[no notes on this page]
British Petroleum
2
Introduction
Oil and gas industry can be a dirty business since drilling projects operate 24 hrs. They
can cause disruptions to wildlife, human health, and water pollution among others. The accident
that occurred in 2010 in the gulf in Mexico is show how dangerous oil and gas drilling can be
hazardous to the environment. British petroleum, among the biggest Deep-water drilling old
companies in the world, has triggered some environmental disasters during its extractions. On
April 20, 2010, the accident triggered the worst environmental disaster in America history. There
were a gas release and explosion that occurred on the Deepwater Horizons oil rig. The explosion
killed about 11 workers, 17 were injured and about 205 million gallons of oil dumped into the
Gulf of Mexico.
British Petroleum is more focused on saving production cost and undertaking
unnecessary risk, rather than taking into consideration activities that are not only safe and
environmentally friendly for the company but also the surrounding environment. After the
Deepwater Horizon disaster in 2010, the U.S government came up with a set of laws and
regulation to control oil drilling activities and ensure that the environment is protected. The new
rules tightened control on blowout preventers, industry-standard equipment which is the last line
of protection that seeks to stop explosions on the undersea oil and gas. The rules also had tougher
requirements on designing underwater wells and ensuring the wells had lining coats and finally
monitoring of subsea drilling and spill containment. The new regulation would also oversee
annual assessments by outside organization of the mechanical integrity of blowout preventers.
Ethical Theory
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1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1. Oil and gas
The oil and gas industry . . .
[Suzanne Humphrey]
2. is show how
shows how hazardous oil and
gas drilling can be to . . .
[Suzanne Humphrey]
3. old
oil [Suzanne Humphrey]
4. April 20, 2010, the
accident triggered the
worst environmental
disaster in America history.
There were a gas release
and explosion that
occurred on the Deepwater
Horizons oil rig. The
explosion killed about 11
workers, 17 were injured
and about 205 million
gallons of oil dumped into
the
Gulf of Mexico.
Where did you find this
information? [Suzanne
Humphrey]
5. the accident
an explosion [Suzanne
Humphrey]
6. were a
was [Suzanne Humphrey]
7. British Petroleum is more
focused on saving
production cost and
undertaking
unnecessary risk, rather
than taking into
consideration activities that
are not only safe and
environmentally friendly for
the company but also the
...
Build Better Jamaica spokesperson Heather Pinnock, April 25, 2013BuildBetterJamaica
Build Better Jamaica spokesperson Heather Pinnock presents an overview of Build Better Jamaica project "Developing Design Concepts for Climate Change Resilient Buildings" at the Caribbean School of Architecture, University of Technology, April 25, 2013
Effect of Hydrocarbons extraction on flora faunasatyamYadav50
1. The 1969 Santa Barbara oil spill in California released an estimated 3 million gallons of crude oil into the ocean, creating a 35-mile oil slick along the coastline that killed thousands of birds, fish, and sea mammals.
2. The spill drew intense media coverage and turned public opinion strongly against offshore drilling in California. It led to significant new conservation efforts in the state.
3. While some marine life like fish populations recovered, the spill had immediate environmental effects including the death of at least 3,686 birds and some sea lions and elephant seals. Intertidal organisms like barnacles suffered 80-90% mortality in some areas.
This document discusses various types of sea water pollution including chemicals, metals, radioactive substances, solid waste, oil, sewage, and agricultural runoff. Major pollutants released into the oceans include billions of tons of ballast water, trillions of gallons of sewage, millions of tons of oil and solid waste. Heavy metals like mercury, lead and copper released from human activities pose serious threats as they accumulate in the food chain. Pollution has severe negative effects on marine life and ecosystems as well as public health. Prevention of pollution through changes in human attitudes and behaviors is important since the impacts of pollution on the environment can be long-lasting and irreversible.
Marine pollution refers to the introduction of harmful substances into oceans and water bodies, adversely impacting marine life and ecosystems. It can result from industrial discharges, oil spills, plastic waste, agricultural runoff, sewage, shipping activities, atmospheric deposition, and illegal dumping. Major types of marine pollution include plastic pollution, oil spills, industrial discharges, agricultural runoff, sewage, shipping activities, and atmospheric deposition. Preventative measures include stricter regulations, use of double hulled tankers, reducing single-use plastics, and enforcing waste disposal laws. Two case studies described oil spills in Chennai, India and the Gulf of Mexico.
Human activities are negatively impacting ecosystems in several key ways:
- Pollution from nutrient runoff, sewage, oil spills, and thermal pollution are causing eutrophication and lowering oxygen levels in water;
- Overfishing and destructive fishing practices like poisoning and explosives are depleting fish stocks and destroying habitats;
- Global warming from greenhouse gas emissions is raising ocean temperatures and causing acidification, damaging coral reefs and marine life.
- If left unaddressed, these human impacts will continue degrading ecosystems and compromising their ability to support life.
Autonomous Marine Systems, A Driver of Growth in the Blue EconomyGregory Yovanof
Currently, an industrial revolution is unfolding under the seas. Rapid progress in the development of autonomous systems, robotics, maritime surveillance, satellite systems, AI, and data science are opening up whole new sectors of ocean use and research.
Wetlands provide important habitat and protect against floods. They establish habitats, form protective barriers, trap floodwaters, and recharge groundwater. The North American Wetland Conservation Act of 1989 aimed to protect wetlands and waterfowl. It created thousands of projects and jobs, and raised $3.5 billion. Experts say wetlands are highly productive and help reduce storm surges. However, development and pollution threaten wetlands, so laws and education are needed to protect these vital ecosystems.
Sea level rise due to climate change has negatively impacted Puerto Rico's coastal areas. Coastal erosion, loss of beaches and coastal habitats have affected tourism and livelihoods. Sea level rise also increases the risk of saltwater intrusion and mortality of coastal forests. Low-lying islands are particularly threatened by complete inundation with even modest levels of sea level rise. To mitigate these impacts, Puerto Rico needs to implement adaptation measures such as coastal defenses and zone planning. More work is still needed to prepare the island for future sea level rise at both short and long terms. Puerto Rico faces challenges similar to other Caribbean islands due to their low-lying coastal geography.
The document discusses the partnership between Sea Grant and the Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative (GoMRI). It provides background on Sea Grant, noting its mission to enhance coastal resource use and conservation. It also describes GoMRI, which was established by BP with $500 million over 10 years to study the effects of hydrocarbon releases on the environment and public health. GoMRI is led by an independent academic research board. The Sea Grant oil spill science team identifies and shares peer-reviewed research results from GoMRI and other funded projects.
Marine pollution is defined as the introduction of substances or energy into the marine environment by human activity that has harmful effects. There are many types of marine pollutants including oil, heavy metals, solid waste, sewage, and invasive species. Major sources of pollution are land-based activities, atmospheric deposition, and maritime transport. Pollution has wide-ranging negative impacts on ecosystem health, public health, water quality, and coastal economies. International agreements aim to prevent marine pollution and reduce its costly impacts.
The “unbearable heat” tipping point is associated with a “wet-bulb temperature” exceeding 35°C, which combines temperature and humidity. High humidity impedes sweat evaporation, exacerbating heat effects and resulting in organ failure and brain damage, making it a dire concern.
To Mine or Not to Mine The Case of the Tampakan Copper-Gold Project: Mindanao...no2miningph
This document discusses the proposed Tampakan Copper-Gold mining project in Mindanao, Philippines. It outlines some key points in favor and against allowing the project, including potential economic benefits but also significant environmental and social impacts. It notes that over 1,000 families would be displaced and critical watersheds supplying water to thousands could be damaged. The document calls for a total economic valuation of ecosystem services and adoption of a watershed approach to properly assess the full costs and impacts of the proposed mine.
Deep Water Horizon Accident - by ALOKRANJAN.ORG.INALOK RANJAN
The Deepwater Horizon accident, also known as the BP oil spill or the Macondo blowout, was a catastrophic event that occurred on April 20, 2010, in the Gulf of Mexico. It was one of the largest marine oil spills in history and had severe environmental, economic, and social impacts.
Here are some key details about the Deepwater Horizon accident:
1. **Location and Context**: The Deepwater Horizon drilling rig was located approximately 40 miles southeast of the Louisiana coast in the Macondo Prospect, an oil field estimated to hold significant oil reserves.
2. **Cause of the Accident**: The disaster was triggered by a blowout—a sudden and uncontrollable release of oil and gas—from the Macondo well. This blowout led to a series of explosions on the drilling rig.
3. **Explosion and Sinking**: On April 20, 2010, a surge of methane gas from the well caused an explosion on the Deepwater Horizon rig. The explosion and subsequent fire resulted in the deaths of 11 workers and injured 17 others. The rig eventually sank on April 22, 2010.
4. **Oil Spill**: The blowout caused a massive oil spill that continued for 87 days until the well was successfully capped on July 15, 2010. It's estimated that approximately 4.9 million barrels (210 million gallons) of oil were discharged into the Gulf of Mexico.
5. **Environmental Impact**: The spill had devastating effects on marine and coastal ecosystems. It harmed fish, birds, marine mammals, and other wildlife. The oil also damaged wetlands, beaches, and estuaries along the Gulf Coast, impacting tourism and fishing industries.
6. **Response Efforts**: The response to the spill involved a massive cleanup operation by BP (the owner of the well), government agencies, and volunteers. Various methods were used to contain and remove the oil, including controlled burns, chemical dispersants, and the deployment of booms.
7. **Legal and Financial Consequences**: BP faced extensive legal action and paid billions of dollars in fines and settlements for environmental damage, economic losses, and cleanup costs. The spill also led to changes in offshore drilling regulations and safety standards.
8. **Long-term Effects**: The environmental impact of the Deepwater Horizon spill continues to be studied. Scientists are monitoring the recovery of affected ecosystems and assessing the long-term effects on marine life and habitats.
The Deepwater Horizon accident highlighted the risks associated with offshore oil drilling and emphasized the importance of stringent safety measures to prevent similar disasters in the future.
BP is a major energy company that operates worldwide. In 2010, an explosion on BP's Deepwater Horizon oil rig in the Gulf of Mexico caused the largest marine oil spill in history. Over 3 months, nearly 5 million barrels of oil spilled into the Gulf before the well was capped. The spill had devastating environmental and economic impacts on the Gulf region. BP spent billions on cleanup and restoration efforts. It is also investing in biofuels as a more sustainable energy source.
This document discusses marine pollution, its causes, effects, and policy responses. It begins by defining marine pollution as the introduction of toxic substances into ocean waters from human activities. The major causes are identified as land-based pollution from sewage, industrial chemicals, plastics, and oil spills. Effects include harm to marine animals and ecosystems, disruption of coral reefs, depletion of oxygen, and impacts on human health. International agreements like MARPOL and UNCLOS aim to control pollution and protect marine environments.
New Orleans , Garret Graves, Chairman, Louisiana Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority; National Institute for Coastal & Harbor Infrastructure, John F. Kennedy Center, Boston, Nov. 12, 2013: "The Triple Threat of Rising Sea Levels, Extreme Storms and Aging Infrastructure: Coastal Community Responses and The Federal Role" See http://www.nichiusa.org or http://www.nichi.us
Carbon lockin why we should free ourselvesNannette Arbon
The document discusses carbon lock-in and the challenges of transitioning to renewable energy due to existing fossil fuel infrastructure investments. It notes that while climate change poses serious threats, technologies exist to lower carbon emissions cost-effectively. However, their diffusion has been slow due to carbon lock-in effects from past policies and investments that have made economies dependent on fossil fuels. Transitioning away from these entrenched systems requires overcoming substantial inertia.
Similar to Deepwater Horizon and BP Oil Disaster, Stress Defined by an Environmental Catastrophe (20)
Monitor indicators of genetic diversity from space using Earth Observation dataSpatial Genetics
Genetic diversity within and among populations is essential for species persistence. While targets and indicators for genetic diversity are captured in the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, assessing genetic diversity across many species at national and regional scales remains challenging. Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) need accessible tools for reliable and efficient monitoring at relevant scales. Here, we describe how Earth Observation satellites (EO) make essential contributions to enable, accelerate, and improve genetic diversity monitoring and preservation. Specifically, we introduce a workflow integrating EO into existing genetic diversity monitoring strategies and present a set of examples where EO data is or can be integrated to improve assessment, monitoring, and conservation. We describe how available EO data can be integrated in innovative ways to support calculation of the genetic diversity indicators of the GBF monitoring framework and to inform management and monitoring decisions, especially in areas with limited research infrastructure or access. We also describe novel, integrative approaches to improve the indicators that can be implemented with the coming generation of EO data, and new capabilities that will provide unprecedented detail to characterize the changes to Earth’s surface and their implications for biodiversity, on a global scale.
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...Joshua Orris
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...Joshua Orris
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
Download the Latest OSHA 10 Answers PDF : oyetrade.comNarendra Jayas
Latest OSHA 10 Test Question and Answers PDF for Construction and General Industry Exam.
Download the full set of 390 MCQ type question and answers - https://www.oyetrade.com/OSHA-10-Answers-2021.php
To Help OSHA 10 trainees to pass their pre-test and post-test we have prepared set of 390 question and answers called OSHA 10 Answers in downloadable PDF format. The OSHA 10 Answers question bank is prepared by our in-house highly experienced safety professionals and trainers. The OSHA 10 Answers document consists of 390 MCQ type question and answers updated for year 2024 exams.
Download the Latest OSHA 10 Answers PDF : oyetrade.com
Deepwater Horizon and BP Oil Disaster, Stress Defined by an Environmental Catastrophe
1. Stress Defined by an Environmental Catastrophe
Deepwater Horizon and
BP Oil Disaster
Candice RhodesMBA 630
2. Defining Stress
● Stress - How we react to stressors
● Stressors
○ Challenge Stressors
○ Hindrance
● Strain - Effects of stressors
“Stressors are environmental stimuli that
place demands on individuals.”
3. What Happened?
April 20, 2010 -
● Well erupted in Gulf of Mexico destroying
Deepwater Horizon Oil Rig
● 11 men killed
● 80 miles long oil spill
○ 35,000-60,000 barrels of oil per day
flowed into ocean following incident
Livelihoods and Lives of Coastal Peoples Ruined
Marine Life and Environment Destroyed
Extensive Fines and New Oil Regulations
4. Was the one of the most
devastating oil spills in
history due to
STRESS?
5. Industry Stressors
● 24-Hour Shifts
● Undertrained
● Limited workforce
● “Learn on the job”
mentality
Company Stressors
(BP)
● Behind on Schedule
● Over Budget
● No Manpower
● Faulty Equipment
● No Real Leadership
○ Especially
Amidst Crisis
6. The Community
Lost Livelihoods
● BP paid out $11.6 billion (as of 2015) for lost
income and still has more cases to review
● In fishing industry:
○ estimated $8.7 billion and 22,000 jobs lost
by 2020
● In Tourism Industry:
○ estimated to lose $22.7 billion by 2013
● Difficult to account for secondary economic effects
○ Example: fishermen not purchasing bait or
eating at local restaurants
The Fallout
Ruined spaces
● Some beaches closed for over 3 years
● Contaminated 1,100 miles of shore, at least
1,200 square miles of ocean floor, and
68,000 square miles of water
● Millions of dead mammals, reptiles, and
birds
7. Shared Strain
Long Term Effects on Community
Health:
● 3.6x more likely to have
anxiety disorders
● 2.9x more likely to have
post-traumatic stress
disorder
● 2.1x more likely to be
high on depression index
8. The Fallout
The Environment
● Depleted vegetation made shores
vulnerable to erosion
● Lost marine life (plankton, fish) had a
cascading affect up the food chain
● Animals (ex: dolphins, flounder, crab) die
at a higher rate due to complications from
exposure
● Decline in coral condition
● Loss of diversity among sediment
creatures
9. The Fallout
The Industry
Job creation and investment in oil industry.
● Create competitive incentive packages
● Attract qualified applicants that have proper training
● Temporary halts to drilling operations
● Increased costs of operations (safety mechanisms,
insurance)
Increased government regulations.
● Increased pressure on government
● More surprise inspections for rigs
● More stringent safety requirements
● Environmental Impact Studies
● Crisis Protocol required for all oil companies
Lasting distrust in big oil companies