On 20 April 2010, the semi-submersible exploratory offshore drilling rig Deepwater Horizon exploded after a blowout; it sank two days later, killing 11 people. This blowout in the Macondo Prospect field in the Gulf of Mexico resulted in a partially capped oil well one mile below the surface of the water. Experts estimate the gusher to be flowing at 35,000 to 60,000 barrels per day (5,600 to 9,500 m3/d) of oil.
BP Oil Spill and if the BP Oil Spill had happened in India and Comparative study between India and States with respect to Oil SpillBP Oil Spill .What if the BP Oil Spill had happened in India and Comparative study between India and States with respect to Oil Spill.
presentation was provided by Prof W.U Chandrasekara
Department of Zoology and Environmental Management
For Coastal and Marine resource management course
On 20 April 2010, the semi-submersible exploratory offshore drilling rig Deepwater Horizon exploded after a blowout; it sank two days later, killing 11 people. This blowout in the Macondo Prospect field in the Gulf of Mexico resulted in a partially capped oil well one mile below the surface of the water. Experts estimate the gusher to be flowing at 35,000 to 60,000 barrels per day (5,600 to 9,500 m3/d) of oil.
BP Oil Spill and if the BP Oil Spill had happened in India and Comparative study between India and States with respect to Oil SpillBP Oil Spill .What if the BP Oil Spill had happened in India and Comparative study between India and States with respect to Oil Spill.
presentation was provided by Prof W.U Chandrasekara
Department of Zoology and Environmental Management
For Coastal and Marine resource management course
Oil spill (Causes, Control and Prevention)Nitish Prasad
Presentation on Oil Spill presented during my 8th Semester at Department of Petroleum Engineering, Dibrugarh University Institute of Engineering and Technology.
Prospects of Tar Sand in Nigeria Energy Mixtheijes
In ancient times, the Elamites, Chaldeans, Akkadians, and Sumerians mined shallow deposits of asphalt, or bitumen occurring in tar sand for their own use. Mesopotamian bitumen was exported to Egypt where it was employed for various purposes, including the preservation of mummies. Tar sand had many other uses in the ancient world. It was mixed with sand and fibrous materials for use in the construction of watercourses and levees and as mortar for bricks. In Nigeria, development of heavy oil and bitumen in Tar sand reserves is increasing around the western part of the country. The increasing volume of cheaper heavy oil in the supply mix has provided an incentive for refiners to upgrade their equipment to process the poorer-quality heavier crude occurring in tar sand. The upgrading investments have helped to maintain a demand for heavy oil in spite of the declining price of conventional crude since the early 1980s. As the demand for heavy oil and synthetic crude from tar sands remains strong, heavyhydrocarbon development projects are being initiated in western part of Nigeria. In addition, unsuccessful attempts to find new giant conventional oil fields in recent years have caused some producers to turn to the marginally economic heavy hydrocarbons to replace depleted petroleum reservoirs. Bitumen development in Nigeria is also poised to become Nigerian major foreign exchange earner, second to conventional oil in the coming years.
Environmental problems caused by improper mine tailings disposal in the Baguio district include pollution of the Lower Agno River system and its watershed and siltation of irrigation canals in the Pangasinan plains. Direct economic losses are from reduced agricultural production due to siltation of irrigation works and farmlands. To check the adverse ecological effects of improper mine tailings disposal, government regulations have been imposed on mining firms.
Several disposal schemes have been proposed, including the use of the reservoir of a multipurpose project to be sited in the watershed where the mines are located. Because of siltation problems, however, trapping the tailings in the reservoir will diminish the economic benefits that can be derived from the project.
A new report from the National Wildlife Federation looks at how 20 species that depend on a healthy Gulf are faring in the wake of the BP oil spill. The full extent of the spill’s impacts may take years or even decades to unfold, but Five Years & Counting: Gulf Wildlife in the Aftermath of the Deepwater Horizon Disaster examines what the science tells us so far.
A slideshow presentation about oil spills and how they impact the environment. For a school project done by:
Paul Miranda
Melissa Quiterio
Manuel Herrera
Water has the chemical formula H2O, making it an inorganic substance. It is the primary chemical component of the Earth's hydrosphere and the fluids of all known living things (in which it serves as a solvent[1]). It is transparent, flavorless, odorless, and almost colorless. In spite of not providing food, energy, or organic micronutrients, it is essential for all known forms of life. Its molecules are made up of two hydrogen atoms joined by covalent bonds and have the chemical formula H2O.
Oil spill (Causes, Control and Prevention)Nitish Prasad
Presentation on Oil Spill presented during my 8th Semester at Department of Petroleum Engineering, Dibrugarh University Institute of Engineering and Technology.
Prospects of Tar Sand in Nigeria Energy Mixtheijes
In ancient times, the Elamites, Chaldeans, Akkadians, and Sumerians mined shallow deposits of asphalt, or bitumen occurring in tar sand for their own use. Mesopotamian bitumen was exported to Egypt where it was employed for various purposes, including the preservation of mummies. Tar sand had many other uses in the ancient world. It was mixed with sand and fibrous materials for use in the construction of watercourses and levees and as mortar for bricks. In Nigeria, development of heavy oil and bitumen in Tar sand reserves is increasing around the western part of the country. The increasing volume of cheaper heavy oil in the supply mix has provided an incentive for refiners to upgrade their equipment to process the poorer-quality heavier crude occurring in tar sand. The upgrading investments have helped to maintain a demand for heavy oil in spite of the declining price of conventional crude since the early 1980s. As the demand for heavy oil and synthetic crude from tar sands remains strong, heavyhydrocarbon development projects are being initiated in western part of Nigeria. In addition, unsuccessful attempts to find new giant conventional oil fields in recent years have caused some producers to turn to the marginally economic heavy hydrocarbons to replace depleted petroleum reservoirs. Bitumen development in Nigeria is also poised to become Nigerian major foreign exchange earner, second to conventional oil in the coming years.
Environmental problems caused by improper mine tailings disposal in the Baguio district include pollution of the Lower Agno River system and its watershed and siltation of irrigation canals in the Pangasinan plains. Direct economic losses are from reduced agricultural production due to siltation of irrigation works and farmlands. To check the adverse ecological effects of improper mine tailings disposal, government regulations have been imposed on mining firms.
Several disposal schemes have been proposed, including the use of the reservoir of a multipurpose project to be sited in the watershed where the mines are located. Because of siltation problems, however, trapping the tailings in the reservoir will diminish the economic benefits that can be derived from the project.
A new report from the National Wildlife Federation looks at how 20 species that depend on a healthy Gulf are faring in the wake of the BP oil spill. The full extent of the spill’s impacts may take years or even decades to unfold, but Five Years & Counting: Gulf Wildlife in the Aftermath of the Deepwater Horizon Disaster examines what the science tells us so far.
A slideshow presentation about oil spills and how they impact the environment. For a school project done by:
Paul Miranda
Melissa Quiterio
Manuel Herrera
Water has the chemical formula H2O, making it an inorganic substance. It is the primary chemical component of the Earth's hydrosphere and the fluids of all known living things (in which it serves as a solvent[1]). It is transparent, flavorless, odorless, and almost colorless. In spite of not providing food, energy, or organic micronutrients, it is essential for all known forms of life. Its molecules are made up of two hydrogen atoms joined by covalent bonds and have the chemical formula H2O.
Our group presentation and topic discussion is titled "The US Strategic Petroleum Reserve and its Implications on the Domestic and Global Oil Market." Our team members include Matthew Yorkinski, Shih-hsu Hsu, and Jaime Sigaran (myself).
Our topic discussion will involve four parts:
Part One will serve as a formal introduction to the SPR program in the United States as well as look at the basic structure government policies and relevant laws--from historical beginning to where we are now.
Part Two will discuss economic factors such as supply and demand of crude oil. Furthermore, we will discuss market trends, such as technology and address scarcity issues.
Part Three will encourage a environmental dialogue. Here we discuss how underground salt domes interact with geological shifts and the natural environment.
Part Four will serve as our conclusion. We will discuss our final thoughts about the program and make suggests to improve or change the current framework.
The Concerned Civilian Miami, Florida Dec.docxmehek4
The
Concerned
Civilian
Miami, Florida
December 8, 2015
$1.25
✫Special Edition: Oil spills✫
Image 1
Image 2
Image 3
2
Oil Spills
Author: Quinn Glassey
How much oil do we use?
Nearly all crude oil imported into the United States is directly refined into petroleum products, including
gasoline, diesel fuel, heating oil, and jet fuel. Because of this, crude oil is directly consumed less frequently than
refined oils. Liquids produced from natural gas processing are also consumed as petroleum
products. Renewable biofuels, such as ethanol and
biodiesel, can be used as a substitute for or an
additive to refined petroleum products.
An ocean oil rig
I
mage credit: http://world-fuel.me/HTML/button_09_selected_html/button_09_selected.htm
According to the U.S. Energy Information
Administration (EIA), in 2014, the United States
consumed a total of 6.97 billion barrels of
petroleum products, an average of about 19.11
million barrels per day. The entire World uses
approximately 85 million barrels a day; that is
about 3,570,000,000 gallons of oil.
Image credit: http://misfitsarchitecture.com/tag/oil-rigs/
3
What is an oil spill?
An oil spill is a form of pollution. Due to human activity,
liquid petroleum hydrocarbon is released into the
environment. The term is usually applied to marine oil spills,
where oil is released into the ocean or coastal waters, but
spills may also occur on land.
Effects of oil spills on marine life
Ingestion: By ingesting oil or byproducts of oil spills,
gastrointestinal irritation problems can arise in marine life. These include ulcers, bleeding, diarrhea,
and digestive complications. These issues often lead to the inability of the animals to digest and absorb foods,
obviously leading to lack of nutrients and starvation. Ingestion can occur at multiple levels of the food chain.
Herbivores, such as sea turtles, end up consuming vegetation that has been coated with oil particles.
Carnivores, such as shorebirds that feed on clams, mussels, or worms consume organisms that have been
exposed to oil sediments washed onto the shoreline. Even if they do not directly ingest oil, these carnivorous
animals consume herbivores that have eaten chemical laden oil. Specifically, Baleen whales have a system of
filtering teeth; thick oil can clog their filter system, which often leads to starvation and death. Oil spills cause
immediate marine life illness and deaths. However, in the larger scale, oil spills affect the entire maritime food
chain by killing off top predators and their prey.
Absorption: Oil and dispersants seeps into marine organisms’ skin. This can cause liver and kidney damage,
which leads to anemia, suppressed immune system, induce reproductive failure, blindness, and possibly death.
Exposure to oil may irritate, burn, or cause infections to the skin of some species. Pregnant animals that absorb
the ...
basics on why the islands were planned , only palm jumeirah is completed and others are progressing , how they are being made and due to that the environmental impacts on sand , water , flora & fauna
Marine Pollution Control. - Dr. J.S. Pandey Ecotist
Elaborating about the control of marine pollution. Various types of wastes such as sewage, agricultural run-off, industrial wastes including radioactive waste, and oil spills being sent into the sea. Chemical pesticides find entry into the food chain. Harmful impact of oil spill. Discussing some of the positive features of CRZ Notification 2011, which included the inclusion of seawater as CRZ IV and the concept of hazard line. Ports and associated ship movement for business purposes cause marine pollution.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdf
British petroleum with video
1. Bp & Overview of Oil Spill in Mexican
Gulf..
An attempt by-
Aditi Podder,Priyanka Mandal,Akash Majumdar,
Anushmita Samanta,Narsingh Rungta
2. • British Petroleum is the third largest energy company &
the fourth largest company in the world, and one of the
six gas super major measured by 2011 measured
revenue.
• Operates over in over 80 countries and has 21,800
service stations worldwide.
• Production is about 3.4 million barrels/day.
• Works in the field of exploration , production, refining,
distribution, marketing petrochemical, power generation
and trading.
• BP owns 19.7% stake in Russian oil major Rosneft
(World’s largest publicly traded oil & gas company by
hydrocarbon reserves and production.
7. • Fifth generation ultra-deepwater,
dynamically positioned, semi-
submersible mobile offshore
oil drilling unit.
• Built by Hyundai heavy industries
in 2001.
• BP took it on lease from 2001.
• In 2009, the rig drilled the
deepest oil well in history at a
vertical depth of 35050 feet in
Tiber oil field.
• In 2010, it is commissioned in
Mexican gulf.
8. Accident on Deep water horizon
Date: 20th April 2010
Explosion in BP operated Deep water horizon .
Explosion caused fire on the deck.
After 36 hours, it sank leaving the well unprotected.
It caused largest accidental marine oil spill of history.
Casualties: 11
Injured: 26
9. • The accident at Deep water horizon is not an
accident not only due to time-action gapping,
but also some sequential events related to
proactive maintenance.
• At first it was `blow out preventer’ (which was
designed to shut down the well) failed to shut
down the well.
• Secondly. There was a technical fault in design
of the gas venting system which allows a cloud
of explosive gas to envelop the rig.
• At last the additional valves deep inside the well
failed to prevent oil and gas from flowing up the
steel pipe (casing).
10. Spill Characteristics
• Location: Gulf of Mexico near
Mississippi river delta, United States .
• Area Covered: Area affected by this
devastating oil spill is about 4000
square miles.
• Volume: Near about 798000
Area covered by the oil spill gallons/day crude oil mixed in the
ocean.
• Per day loss: $430000 per day floated
NASA image taken – Spill estimated to cover an area in ocean ($86/Barrel)
in excess of 4000 square miles
11. Ethical Issues
After the accident on Deep water
horizon, some ethical issues raised
against BP. It was like in a way that
If BP did not ignore some red
signals, the accident might not
happen.
• Knowing that the Deepwater
Horizon had problems, BP did not
take any action towards proactive
maintenance.
• The rig continued to run under risk.
Putting profit over the safety of
workers.
• The management of BP ignored the
“Red Flags” from their procedural
tests.
12. •The area of the oil spill includes 8,332 species.
•More than 400 species that live in the Gulf islands and marshlands are still at risk.
•As of November 2, 2010, 6,814 dead animals had been collected.
•Miles-long strings of weathered oil had been sighted moving toward marshes on
the Mississippi River delta. Hundreds of thousands of migrating ducks and geese
spend the winter in this delta.
13.
14.
15. Protect the coastline and marine environments
Fundamental strategy
•Contain oil on the surface away
from the most sensitive areas,
•Dilute and disperse it into less
sensitive areas
•Remove it from the water.
An oil containment boom deployed by the U.S. Navy
surrounds New Harbor Island, Louisiana.
Containment
The response included deploying
many miles of containment boom,
whose purpose is to either corral
the oil, or to block it from
ecologically sensitive areas.
16. Dispersal
•Spilled oil naturally disperses
through storms, currents, and
osmosis with the passage of time.
•Chemical dispersants accelerate
the dispersal process, although
they may have significant side-
effects.
•Corexit is the principal dispersant
employed.
A C-130 Hercules drops Corexit into the Gulf of Mexico
The Dark Side of Corexit
•Corexit has been proved to be even more toxic to marine life than oil itself.
•A component of Corexit, 2-Butoxy Ethanol, is also a known carcinogen; causing liver
cancer in animals.
•It is banned from use on oil spills in the United Kingdom.
•On May 19, the Environmental Protection Agency gave British Petroleum 24 hours to
choose less toxic alternatives to Corexit from a list of dispersants.
17. Removal of oil from gulf
environment
Burning the oil
Approximately 9,300,000 to 13,100,000 US
gallons of oil was burned on the ocean
surface.
Filtering offshore
By June 28, British Petroleum had Based on these estimates, up to 75% of the oil from Gulf oil
disaster still remains in the Gulf environment.
successfully filtered 890,000 barrels of oily
liquid.
Collecting for later processing
The Coast Guard said 33,000,000 US gallons
of tainted water had been recovered, with
5,000,000 US gallons of that consisting of
oil.
18. Use of non invasive oil eating microbes
• Use of Pseudomonas putida could be very effective as it is non invasive
and has no side affect. It eats oil, as it produces energy for it’s survival.
• In the Labs (US) it shows almost desired results which is safe to use in
mass.
• It can be generated without complex genetically transformation.
• It can grow in very fast rate, so it could cover more area in very short span
of time.
19. How the microbes works
• The oil eating microbes simply oxidize the hydro-carbon, thus carbon
dioxide and water released.
• Oil floats on water as it is lighter than water. Oxygen is available on
the gulf surface . So it can break apart the hydrocarbons easily.
• After eating up the surface oil layer, microbes will die due to
deficiency of oil on the gulf surface.
• In this process the microbes can make the gulf environment oil free
with out leaving any side affect.
20. • $13.6 billion has been spent to clean
up the beaches.
• 95000 tones of crude oil collected
from the shoreline.
• Restoring tourism and seafood
industries by paying all legitimate
claims for damages resulting from the
accident.
• Estimated $.06 billon has been spent
for tree plantation to restoring natural
resources injured as a result of the
accident.
• Estimated $2 billion has been spent
for restoring wild life habitat in the
gulf region.
21. How BP is Reversing Damage Done to the Tourism Industry
• BP has committed a total of $92 million over a 3-year period for Alabama,
Florida, Mississippi and Louisiana.
• In which each state is using tourism funds to sponsor a variety of special
events, including music festivals, classic car rallies, and fishing competitions,
that attracts thousands of visitors
22. BP’s Gen-Next Step towards fuel security:
Cellulosic Bio fuels
• BP is investing in overseas bio-to-diesel technology in Brazil
• There are 3 sugarcane ethanol mills that have been opened
• BP is pairing up with Companhia Nacional de Cucar e Alcoo (CNAA), the leading
biofuel producer in Brazil
• Goal: “Harvest sugar and create ethanol with the least negative effect possible on
the environment, preserving staff and respecting the neighboring communities
and all partners”
23.
24. • Though the well was finally killed and many measures have been
taken for restoring the environment and the business of the Mexican
Gulf which were badly affected by the oil spill.
• But this is not enough, because about 70% of leaked crude oil is in
gulf environment till today. It may push us in danger in near future. So
in order to protect marine spices we have to take necessary steps to
eliminate the danger.
• BP has taken new agenda under a banner of `Beyond Petroleum’ to
produce bio fuels for cutting the dependency on crude oil.
This things led US to work on new sensible energy policy.
25. 1. www.naturalresources.gov.us
2. www.bp.com
3. `Oil spill-2010’ by sitty petersen; slide no- 2,5,6
4. `Mexican gulf disaster’ by Edward B. Overton; slide no-1,8,11
5. `BP’s Disaster-2010’ by Dimmy Anderson; slide no- 5,6,24
6. `BP’s Oil spill and US’ by Tessorthy McKinley; slide no- 6,7,8
7. `Deep water horizon’ by Nimmen Gothalic; slide no-14,16,18
8. `BP’s GenNext Fuel’ by Prescott Mathan’ slide no- 4,8,9
9. `Oil spill affect on US economy’ by Pialtics; page no-9;para-2
10. `BP’s compensation’ by Engg. Tim Sackalman; page no-5;para-5
11. `Oill spill in gulf of Mexico’ by Reuters; page no-16;para-3
12. www.youtube.com
13. `BP’s Five blunders’ by nistenele Bromann; slide no- 7,10