This document provides an introduction to Engineers India Limited (EIL), an engineering consultancy and EPC company based in India. It discusses EIL's establishment in 1965 and services in oil/gas, petrochemicals, and other industries. The document then outlines topics to be discussed, including storage tanks classified by vapour pressure and types of atmospheric, low pressure, and high pressure storage tanks. It also lists pumps as a topic and will discuss classifications and the differences between centrifugal and reciprocating pumps. The document aims to provide information on storage tanks and pumps for petroleum products.

1. UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF :
DR. ASHWANI SOOD SIR
DR. A.K. RATHORE SIR
NAME- DEEPAK RAJ YADAV
ROLL NO.- 200103022
BRANCH – CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
H.B.T.U , KANPUR

2. INTRODUCTION TO EIL
Engineers India limited (EIL) is a global engineering consultancy and EPC company.
Established in 1965, EIL provides engineering consultancy and EPC services
principally focused on oil & gas and the petrochemical industries. The Company has
also diversified into sectors like infrastructure, water and waste management, solar
& nuclear power and fertilizers to leverage its strong technical competencies and
track record. Today, EIL is a 'Total Solutions' engineering consultancy company
providing design, engineering, procurement, construction and integrated project
management services from Concept to Commissioning with highest quality and
safety standard. It provides specialist services such as heat and mass transfer
equipment design, environmental engineering, specialist materials and
maintenance and plant operations and safety services.

3. TOPICS TO BE
DISCUSSED
1. STORAGE TANKS
 Storage type basedon classification of hydrocarbons.
 Storage tanks classification on the basis of vapour pressure.
 Types of atmospheric tanks.
 Types of low pressure tanks.
 Types of high pressure tanks.
2. PUMPS
 Classification of Pumps
 Important terms
 Difference between centrifugal and reciprocating pump

4. STORAGE TANKS:
• The fact that storage and its handling contribute 15% to 20 to
the total project cost of a major complex depending on Storage
requirements.
• The reason makes it imperative to plan these facilities properly
so as this investment can greatly influence plant profitability
Why this session:

5. PETROLEUM PRODUCTS ARE CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO THEIR FLASH POINTS AS FOLLOWS:
CLASSIFICATION OF PETROLEUM
PRODUCTS-
Class ‘A’ Petroleum: Liquids having flash point below 23 degrees C.
Class ‘B’ Petroleum: Liquids having flash point of 23 degrees C and above but below 65
degrees C.
Class ‘C’ Petroleum: Liquids having flash point of 65 degrees C and above but below 93
degrees C.
Excluded Petroleum: Liquids having flash point of 93 degrees C and above.
Liquefied gases including LPG, do not fall under this classification but form a separate
category.

6.  STORAGE TYPE BASED ON CLASSIFICATION OF
HYDROCARBONS:
FLASH POINT- The lowest temperature at which a liquid (usually a petroleum
product) will form a vapour in the air near its surface that will “flash,” or briefly
ignite, on exposure to an open flame. The flash point is a general indication of the
flammability or combustibility of a liquid.

7. Vapor pressure criterion yields three categories of tanks which can be classified as
below:
1.Atmospheric Tanks(API/650)
2.Low pressure Tanks(API/620)
3.High pressure Tanks(ASME/BS)
• Product vapor pressure less
than 76 KPA
• Design pressure are kept
typically upto 150mm of
H2O column at tank top.
ATMOSPHERIC
TANK
• Normally Vapor pressure
above 76 KPA, but lower
than 2.0 Kg/cm2a at max.
Operating temp (DP)
• These are normally
blanketed tanks
LOW PRESSURE
TANK

8. • Vapor pressure above the
low press storage range
at average ambient temp.
• These comes under
pressure vessel storages.
• Typically over ground
pressure vessel are bullet,
mounded bullet, spheres.
HIGHPRESSUR
STORAGE
• These are low
temperature storages
utilized to store light
hydrocarbons.
• Storage temp maintained
to keep vapor pressure at
around atmospheric
pressure.
REFRIGERATE
STORAGE

9. Types of Storages: Atmospheric
ATMOSPHERIC TANKS:
Tanks having design pressure
up to 2.5 psig are designed
as per API-650.
CONE ROOF
INTERNAL
FLOATING
ROOF
FLOATING
ROOF

10. FLOATING ROOF TANKS-
CONE ROOF TANK-
 OPEN VENT OR INERT (N2) GAS BLANKETED TANKS DESIGNED UNDER API-650.
 NORMALLY OPEN VENT CONE ROOF TANKS ARE USED FOR HEAVY
HYDROCARBON PRODUCT.
 N2 BLANKETING USED FOR FEED/PRODUCT STORAGES WHERE AIR/MOISTURE
CAN CAUSE POTENTIAL HARM TO CATALYST/ GUM FORMATION
 TANKS ARE DESIGNED AS PER API-650
 USED FOR LIGHT / MIDDLE DISTILLATE.
 COMPRISES AN OPEN- TOPPED CYLINDRICAL STEEL SHELL EQUIPPED WITH A ROOF
THAT FLOATS ON THE SURFACE OF THE STORED LIQUID.
 THE ROOF RISES AND FALLS WITH THE LIQUID LEVEL IN THE TANK.
WHY REQUIREMENT OF FR/IFR TANKS-
 NEARLY ELIMINATES BREATHING LOSSES AND GREATLY REDUCES THE EVAPORATIVE
LOSS OF THE STORED LIQUID.
 EVAPORATION CAN NOT ONLY RESULTED IN THE LOSS OF PRODUCT QUANTITY, BUT HC IN
COMMUNICATION WITH ATMOSPHERE ALSO AFFECTS PRODUCT QUALITY, AND POLLUTE THE
ENVIRONMENT SIMULTANEOUSLY

11. Types of Storages: Low Pressure
LOW PRESSURE TANK DESIGN GUIDELINES ARE PROVIDED
IN API-620.
THESE TANKS ARE NORMALLY INERT GAS BLANKETED.
HYDROCARBONS HAVING TVP > 76 KPA ARE STORED IN
THESE TANKS. LIGHT NAPHTHA/ ISOMERATE, ETC

12. Types of Storages: High Pressure
Storage design pressure requirement exceeds 15 psig.
Storing high vapor pressure refinery products and petrochemical
intermediates.
Propane, LPG, Butane, ethylene, propylene and other high vapor
pressure products are stored under pressure in pressurized storages.
Generally two types of High pressure Storage tanks are used:
 Bullets
The mounded storage of LPG has proved to be safer compared to
above ground storage vessels (spheres / Bullets) since it provides
intrinsically passive and safe environment
Diameter varying and up to 8.0 mts. and lengths ~90 mts.
 Spheres
Spheres are available for high capacity, diameter around 17.5 mts

13. MOUNDED BULLETS - ADVANTAGES
 Mounded bullets have a sand cover around, which can take external
impacts
 Scenario of BLEVE (boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion) is
eliminated
 Protection From Extreme of Temperatures
 Optimum Land use, Reduction of Separation Distances

14. PUMPS-
Pumps convert the mechanical energy to hydraulic or
fluid energy.

15. CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS:
A CENTRIFUGAL PUMP CONSISTS OF A SET OF ROTATING VANES, ENCLOSED
WITHIN A HOUSING OR CASING AND USED TO IMPART ENERGY TO A FLUID
THROUGH CENTRIFUGAL FORCE
Main features of the centrifugal pumps are:
 Simple in construction
 Compact and less weight of pump per unit quantity
pumped
 Low initial and maintenance cost
 Easy maintenance and smooth operation
 Continuous flow
 High speed of rotation can be achieved

16. POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMPS:
POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMPS ARE THE PUMPS IN WHICH THE
ENERGY IS PERIODICALLY ADDED TO ONE OR MORE MOVABLE
BOUNDARIES OF ANY DESIRED NUMBER OF ENCLOSED FLUID
CONTAINING VOLUMES, RESULTING IN INCREASE OF PRESSURE UP TO
THE VALVE REQUIRED TO MOVE THE FLUID THROUGH VALVES OR PORTS
TO THE DISCHARGE LINE. DISPLACEMENT PUMPS ARE FURTHER DIVIDED
INTO RECIPROCATING TYPE AND ROTARY TYPE PUMPS DEPENDING ON
MOVEMENT OF PRESSURE PRODUCING PARTS.
RECIPROCATING PUMP: IS A POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMP WITH
LIQUID DISCHARGE PRESSURE LIMITED ONLY BY STRENGTH OF THE
MECHANICAL PARTS. LIQUID VOLUME OR CAPACITY DELIVERED IS
CONSTANT REGARDLESS OF PRESSURE AND IS VARIED ONLY BY SPEED
CHANGES
PISTON / PLUNGER PUMPS: IT PRIMARILY CONSISTS OF A PISTON OR A
PLUNGER INSIDE A CLOSED CYLINDER. IT MOVES FORWARD AND
BACKWARD INSIDE THE CYLINDER WITH THE DRIVE FROM CRANKSHAFT
AND CONNECTING ROD MECHANISM. CRANK SHAFT IS DRIVEN BY AN
ELECTRIC MOTOR OR A DIESEL ENGINE.

17. ROTARY PUMPS:
ROTOR OF THE ROTARY PUMP DISPLACES THE LIQUID EITHER BY
ROTATING OR BY A ROTATING AND ORBITING MOTION.
FOLLOWING TYPES OF ROTARY PUMPS ARE MOST COMMONLY
USED.
SCREW PUMPS: THESE PUMPS OPERATE ON A PRINCIPLE OF
PROGRESSIVELY MOVING A FLUID BETWEEN A SET OF COUNTER
ROTATING SCREWS.
Gear pumps: Gear pump trap liquid between the
teeth of the gear on the suction and carry it forward
around to discharge side from where it is thrown out
into the discharge pipe.

18.  DEFINITIONS :
Pumping is the addition of energy to a liquid to move it from one point to another
Impeller is the rotating member in a centrifugal pump through which liquid passes and by
means of which energy is imparted to the liquid.
Casing of a centrifugal pump is the housing surrounding the impeller.
Packing is any material used to control leakage between a moving and stationery part in
the pump.
Mechanical seals are devices mounted on the shaft of centrifugal pump to seal the liquid
in the casing.
Cavitation is the phenomenon caused by vapourisation of a liquid inside a pump.
Net positive suction head (NPSH) required is the energy needed on the suction side of the
pump to fill the pump to the discharge valve during operation

19. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CENTRIFUGAL AND RECIPROCATING PUMP