The document discusses using tactical decision games (TDGS) and sand table exercises (STEX) to improve firefighter decision making. It describes how TDGS and STEX provide opportunities for firefighters to practice making decisions in simulated operational contexts and receiving feedback. Guidelines are provided for designing TDGS scenarios that create dilemmas requiring immediate decisions under time pressure and uncertainty. The document also outlines best practices for facilitating TDGS and STEX, including maintaining an engaging environment and focusing post-exercise discussions on decision making rather than tactics.