1. The document discusses decision making systems and decision support systems. It defines decision making as choosing between alternatives to achieve goals and discusses the characteristics and phases of decision making.
2. It describes the components and configurations of decision support systems, including data management, model management, user interface, and knowledge-based subsystems.
3. Decision support systems are intended to support managers in semi-structured and unstructured decision making situations by providing data, models, and expertise without replacing human judgment. They can be classified based on their communication, data, document, knowledge, model or hybrid focus.
A decision support system (DSS) is a computer-based information system that supports business or organizational decision-making activities. DSSs serve the management
This PPT Covers the following topics:
Decision Making as a Component of Problem Solving, Problem Solving Factors, Characteristics of a DSS, Example of DSS, Integration of TPS, MIS, Web-Based Decision Support Systems, Components of a DSS, Advantages and Disadvantages of Modeling, Group Decision Support System, Executive Support System, Characteristics of ESS.
A decision support system (DSS) is a computer-based information system that supports business or organizational decision-making activities. DSSs serve the management
This PPT Covers the following topics:
Decision Making as a Component of Problem Solving, Problem Solving Factors, Characteristics of a DSS, Example of DSS, Integration of TPS, MIS, Web-Based Decision Support Systems, Components of a DSS, Advantages and Disadvantages of Modeling, Group Decision Support System, Executive Support System, Characteristics of ESS.
Decision support systems: An interactive computer-based system that helps decision makers in the solution of semi-structured and unstructured problems.
Decision Support Systems
Decision Making
Type of Decision-makings
Phases of Decision Making
Decision Support Framework
Components of DSS
Types of DSS
Decision support systems, group decision support systems,expert systems-manag...clincy cleetus
concept of decision making,decision making process-intelligence phase-design phase-choice phase,types of decisions,meaning and definition of decision support systems(dss),evolution of dss,characteristics of dss,decision support and repetitiveness of decisions,objectives and importance of dss,classification of dss,components of dss,functions of dss,development of dss,support for different phases of decision making,benefits and risk of dss,group decision support systems, gdss software, gdss benefits and risks,expert systems,difference between dss and es, comparison between dss and es
Decision support systems: An interactive computer-based system that helps decision makers in the solution of semi-structured and unstructured problems.
Decision Support Systems
Decision Making
Type of Decision-makings
Phases of Decision Making
Decision Support Framework
Components of DSS
Types of DSS
Decision support systems, group decision support systems,expert systems-manag...clincy cleetus
concept of decision making,decision making process-intelligence phase-design phase-choice phase,types of decisions,meaning and definition of decision support systems(dss),evolution of dss,characteristics of dss,decision support and repetitiveness of decisions,objectives and importance of dss,classification of dss,components of dss,functions of dss,development of dss,support for different phases of decision making,benefits and risk of dss,group decision support systems, gdss software, gdss benefits and risks,expert systems,difference between dss and es, comparison between dss and es
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Decision Support Systems: Concept, Constructing a DSS,
Executive Information System, (EIS), Artifical Intelligence
System (AIS), knowledge Based Expert System (KBES),
Enterprise Management System (EMS), Decision Support
Management System (DSMS).
A decision support system (DSS) is a computer-based information system that supports business or organizational decision-making activities. DSSs serve the management
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4. Decision
Making:
Introduc?on
Decision
Making
System
includes:
• How
decision
making
is
prac?ced
• Some
of
the
underlying
theories
• Models
of
decision
making
5. Defini?on
of
Decision
making
• “It
is
a
process
of
choosing
among
two
or
more
alterna?ve
courses
of
ac?on
for
the
purpose
of
aEaining
a
goal
or
goals.”
Characteris*cs
of
Decision
Making
• Individuals
are
involved
• There
may
be
100’s
of
alterna?ves
• Needs
data
and
analysis
with
understanding
to
make
a
good
decision
• Past
results
may
not
be
sufficient
to
predict
future
results
• Decisions
are
interrelated
• There
may
be
several
conflic?ng
objec?ves
• May
decisions
involve
risk.
Diff
people
have
different
appe?te
for
risk
• Groupthink
can
lead
to
bad
decision.
• Decision
makers
are
interested
in
evalua?ng
what-‐
if
scenarios.
• Experimenta?on
with
a
real
system-‐trial
and
error-‐may
result
in
failure.
Con?nued……
6. • Experimenta?on
with
a
real
system
is
possible
only
for
one
set
of
condi?ons
at
a
?me
and
can
be
disastrous.
• Changes
in
the
decision
making
environment
may
occur
con?nuously,
lending
to
invalida?ng
assump?ons
about
a
situa?ons.
• Collec?ng
informa?on
and
analyzing
a
problem
takes
?me
and
can
be
expensive.
• There
may
not
be
sufficient
informa?on
to
make
an
intelligent
decision.
7. Decision
Making
And
Problem
Solving
• Problem
occurs
when:
a
system
does
not
meet
it’s
established
goals,
does
not
yield
the
predicted
results,or
does
not
work
as
planned.
• Some
consider
the
en?re
process
of
decision
making
as
problem
solving
while
other
view
phase
1-‐3
as
formal
decision
making,
ending
with
a
recommenda?on.
• Addi?onally
includes
the
actual
implementa?on
of
the
recommenda?on.
8. Decision
Style
• The
manner
in
which
decision
makers
think
and
react
to
problems.
• Vary
from
individual
to
individual
and
situa?on
to
situa?on.
• Although
the
process
is
similar,
the
applica?on
is
not
always
linear.
• As
a
result,
people
make
decision
in
different
ways.
• Heuris?c
and
analy?cal
• Autocra?c
vs
democra?c
• Consulta?ve
• Decision
situa?on
as
well
style
for
system
to
help.
Hence
it
should
be
flexible
9. Decision
Making
Models
“A
model
is
a
simplified
representa?on
or
abstrac?on
of
reality.”
• Iconic(Scale)Models:
Physical
replica
of
system
• Analog
Models:
Symbolic
representa?on
of
reality.
• Mental
Models:
Descrip?ve
representa?on
of
decision
making
situa?ons.
• Mathema*cal(Quan*ta*ve)Models:
Mathema?cal
descrip?on
of
abstract
model
10. Phases
of
The
Decision
Making
(Decision
making
process)
11. Simon’s
Four
Phases
of
Decision
Making
• Intelligence
• Design
• Choice
• Implementa?on
12. The
Intelligence
phase
• Involves
scanning
the
environment,
includes
several
ac?vi?es
aimed
at
iden?fying
problem
situa?ons
or
opportuni?es.
• Intelligence
phase
includes:
1.Problem(or
opportunity)
Iden?fica?on
2.Problem
Classifica?on
3.Problem
Decomposi?on
4.Problem
Ownership
13. The
Decision
Phase
• Involves
finding
or
developing
and
analyzing
possible
courses
of
ac?on.
• Includes
understanding
the
problems
and
tes?ng
solu?ons
for
feasibility.
• A
model
of
the
decision-‐making
is
constructed,
tested
and
validated.
• Models
include:
norma?ve(best
amongst
available
amongst
all
available),
subop?misa?on,
descrip?ve
model(simula?on,
cogni?ve)
and
sa?sifying
• Measuring
outcome,
risk
and
scenarios
14. The
Choice
Phase
• Choice
is
cri?cal
act
of
decision
making.
• The
choice
phase
is
the
one
in
which
the
actual
decision
is
made
&
the
commitment
to
follow
a
certain
course
of
ac?on.
• Includes
the
search
for,
evalua?on
of,
and
recommenda?on
of
an
appropriate
solu?on.
• A
solu?on
is
a
specific
set
of
values
for
the
decision
variables
in
a
selected
alterna?ves.
17. Concept
of
DSS
• A
system
intended
to
support
managerial
decision
makers
in
semi
structured
and
unstructured
decision
situa?ons.
• Adjuncts
to
decision
makers
to
extend
their
capabili?es
but
not
to
replace
their
judgments.
18. DSS
Configura?on
• Depend
on
nature
of
management-‐decision
situa?on
and
specific
technology
used.
• These
technologies
are
assembled
from
four
basic
components:
Data,
models,
user
interface,
and
knowledge.
•
These
components
are
managed
by
so6ware
that
is
either
commercially
available
or
programmed
for
specific
task.
19. DSS
Applica?on
• Built
to
support
the
solu?on
of
a
certain
problem
or
to
evaluate
an
opportunity.
• DSS
typically
have
their
own
database
and
are
developed
to
solve
a
specific
problem
or
set
of
problems.
Therefore
they
are
called
DSS
applica?ons.
• A
DSS
is
an
approach
for
suppor?ng
decision
making.
• Uses
an
interac?ve,
flexible,
adaptable
computer-‐
based
informa?on
system
CBIS
developed
for
suppor?ng
the
solu?on
to
a
specific
nonstructured
management
problem.
21. Characteris?cs
And
Capabili?es
• Support
for
decision
makers
in
semistructured
and
unstructured
problems.
• Support
for
all
managerial
levels.
• Support
for
individuals
and
groups.
• Support
for
Interdependent
or
sequen?al
decision.
• Support
in
all
phases
of
decision
making
process.
• Adaptable
and
flexible.
con?nued…..
22. • User
friendly,
Interac?ve.
• Improvement
of
effec?veness
rather
than
efficiency.
• Support
and
not
to
replace
the
decision
maker
• Easy
development
by
end
users.
• Models
are
used
to
analyze
decision
making.
• Data
access
• Can
be
employed
as
standalone
tool
or
can
be
integrate
with
other
DSS.
24. A
DSS
applica?on
composed
of:
• The
Data
Management
Subsystem
• The
Model
Management
Subsystem
• The
User
Interface
Subsystem
• The
Knowledge-‐Based
Management
System
26. Data
management
subsystem
is
composed
of
following
elements:
• DSS
database:
Is
a
collec?on
of
interrelated
data,
organized
to
meet
the
needs
and
structure
of
an
organiza?on,
used
by
one
or
more
applica?ons.
• DBMS:
A
database
is
created,
accessed
,
and
updated
by
DBMS.
• The
Directory:
Is
a
catalog
of
all
data
in
a
database.
• The
Query
Facility:
Necessary
to
access,
manipulate,
and
query
data.
• Key
issues:
quality,
scalability,
security,
integra?on
28. The
model
management
subsystem
is
composed
of
following
elements:
• Model
base:
Contains
rou?ne
&
special
sta?s?cal,
financial,
forecas?ng,
management
science,
and
other
quan?ta?ve
models.
• Types:
strategic,
opera?onal,
tac?cal,
analy?cal.
• The
Model
Base
Management
System:
Interrela?ng
models
with
appropriate
linkage
through
a
database.
• Model
Directory:
Catalog
of
all
the
models
and
other
so6ware
in
the
model
base.
• Model
Execu?on,
integra?on,
and
Command
30. • Covers
all
aspects
of
communica?on
between
a
user
and
the
DSS
or
any
MSS.
• It
includes
not
only
the
hardware
and
so6ware
but
also
factors
that
ease
to
use,
accessibility,
and
human-‐machine
interac?ons.
• It
is
the
source
of
many
of
the
power,
flexibility,
and
ease-‐of-‐use
characteris?cs
of
MSS.
• The
user
interface
is
managed
by
so6ware
called
the
user
interface
management
system.
31. The
knowledge
based
management
subsystem
• Use
to
get
the
solu?on
of
complex
unstructured
and
semistructured
problems.
• Supply
the
required
exper?se
for
solving
some
aspects
of
the
problem
• Provide
knowledge
that
can
enhance
the
opera?on
of
other
DSS
components.
• The
knowledge
component
consists
of
one
or
more
intelligent
systems.
32. The
Decision
Support
System
User
• The
person
or
people
primarily
responsible
for
making
decision,
provides
exper?se
in
guiding
the
development
and
use
of
a
DSS.
• Two
broad
classes
of
users:
1.Managers
2.Staff
specialists
Includes
Financial
analysts,
produc?on
planners,
and
market
researchers.
33. Decision
Support
System
Classifica?on
Classifica?on
categories
are
as
follows:
• Communica?on-‐driven
and
group
DSS
• Data-‐driven
DSS
• Document-‐driven
DSS
• Knowledge-‐driven
DSS,
data
mining,
and
• management
ES
applica?ons
• Model-‐driven
DSS
• Compounded
(hybrid)