The document outlines a training session on decision support systems (DSS), covering their history, components, types, and benefits, while emphasizing the importance of decision-making within organizations. It discusses various classical and modern methods of decision-making, the evolution of DSS technology, and classified applications of DSS. The session also features case studies demonstrating the practical use of DSS in areas such as environmental monitoring, healthcare, and traffic management.

1. WELCOME
ً ‫مرحبا‬

2. DECISION
SUPPORT
SYSTEMS (DSS)
Khaled A. Anter

3. Ground rules
 Start at 9:00 am, End at 2:00pm
 15 min. Breaks at 10:30am, 12:00pm
 Phones silent please
 No politics, No religions, No sports
 Share your experience
 Relax & have fun

4. WHO ARE YOU?
WHY ARE YOU
HERE?

5. Training Objectives
 Understanding the complexity of the decision
making process on the organizational state
 Exploring the history & development of DSS’s
 Types & classifications of DSS’s
 Components of a DSS
 Capabilities & benefits of a DSS
 Case studies

7. Understanding the complexity of the
decision
 What is a decision?
 What is it’s importance in management & to
business?
 How do you usually take your
personal/professional decisions?

8. Classical methods of decision
making
 Pros and cons (Rational decision making)
Plato and Benjamin Franklin.
 Simple prioritization.
 Elimination by Aspects “ Amos Tversky in
1972”.
 Consent to a person in authority or an "expert“.
 Flipism.
 Prayer, tarot cards, astrology, augurs, revelatio
n, or other forms of divination.

9. Classical methods of decision
making
 Taking the most opposite action compared to
the advice of mistrusted authorities.
 Opportunity cost.
 Bureaucratic (set up criteria for automated
decisions)
 Political (negotiate choices among interest
groups)
 Use of a structured decision making method.

13. Quick overview
History of DSS

14. History of DSS
 Carnegie Institute of Technology during the late
1950s and early 1960s.
 late 1980s, executive information
systems (EIS), group decision support
systems (GDSS), and organizational decision
support systems (ODSS) evolved from the single
user and model-oriented DSS.
 In 1987, Texas Instruments completed
development of the Gate Assignment Display
System (GADS).
 Beginning in about 1990, data
warehousing and on-line analytical

15. Taxonomies
 By relationship:
 Passive, active, and cooperative DSS.
 By mode of assistance:
 Communication-driven DSS, data-driven
DSS, document-driven DSS, knowledge-driven
DSS, and model-driven DSS.
 By scope:
 Enterprise-wide DSS and desktop DSS.

16. Components of a DSS
1. The database (or knowledge base),
2. The model (i.e., the decision context and user
criteria),
3. The user interface.

17. Development Frameworks
 DSS technology levels (of hardware and
software) may include:
 The actual application that will be used by the
user.
 Generator contains Hardware/software
environment that allows people to easily develop
specific DSS applications.
 Tools include lower level hardware/software.

18. Classification of DSS applications
(cont.)
 By frameworks:
 Text-oriented DSS
 Database-oriented DSS
 Spreadsheet-oriented DSS
 Solver-oriented DSS
 Rule-oriented DSS
 Compound DSS (most popular).

19. Classification of DSS applications
(cont.)
 By support given by DSS:
 Personal Support
 Group Support
 Organizational Support

20. Classification of DSS
applications
 DSS components may be classified as:
 Inputs: Factors, numbers, and characteristics to
analyze
 User Knowledge and Expertise: Inputs
requiring manual analysis by the user
 Outputs: Transformed data from which DSS
"decisions" are generated
 Decisions: Results generated by the DSS based
on user criteria

21. DSSs which perform
selected cognitive decision-making
functions and are based on artificial
intelligence or intelligent agents
technologies are called Intelligent Decision
Support Systems (IDSS)
IDSS

22. Benefits of DSS (cont.)
 Improves personal efficiency
 Speed up the process of decision making
 Increases organizational control
 Encourages exploration and discovery on the
part of the decision maker
 Speeds up problem solving in an organization
 Facilitates interpersonal communication

23. Benefits of DSS
 Promotes learning or training
 Generates new evidence in support of a
decision
 Creates a competitive advantage over
competition
 Reveals new approaches to thinking about the
problem space
 Helps automate managerial processes
 Create Innovative ideas to speed up the
performance

24. DSS Characteristics and
capabilities (cont.)
 Solve semi-structured & Unstructured
problems
 Support To Managers At All Levels
 Support Individual and groups
 Inter-dependence and Sequence Decision.
 Support Intelligence, Designee, Choice.
 Adaptable & Flexible
 Interactive and ease of use

25. DSS Characteristics and
capabilities
 Interactive and efficiency
 Human control the process
 Ease of development by end user
 Modeling and Analysis
 Data Access
 Stand alone Integration & Web Based
 Support Varieties Of Decision Process

26. EE-DSS Kansas Use Case EPA
Active Traffic Management DSS
Safe & Sound NHS DSS
Case studies

27. EE-DSS Kansas Use Case EPA
Case I

28. EE-DSS Kansas Use Case EPA
 A tool for detecting and documenting
exceptional air quality events that cause the
violation of the National Ambient Air Quality
Standard.
 This DSS gathers data from: NASA satellite
sensors, Navy Aerosol Analysis and
Prediction System, NAAPS.

29. EE-DSS Kansas Use Case EPA
 After the evidence has been gathered, the states
can flag an event to be reviewed,
 Analysts at the state level can examine events,
trends, and concentrations and sends the data
with justification to the regional EPA,
 Upon approval at the regional level, is then sent to
the federal EPA who can decide whether the
event can be classified as exceptional,
 The DSS is a tool that supports every level of the
process, from identifying candidate events to the
eventual determination of the exceptionality of the
event.

30. Safe & Sound NHS DSS
Case II

31. Safe & Sound NHS DSS
 A web based communication DSS for pooling
medical cases information & aiding the
decision making process for doctors &
patients.
 It’s user friendly interface: PDA “aka Paddie”
(personal digital assistant)

32. Active Traffic Management DSS
Case III

33. Active Traffic Management DSS
 A system that gathers data from traffic, satellite
monitors to prepare optimal traffic schemes on
German autobahns by PTV,
 User interface in road sign displays.

34. Last words

35. ANY
QUESTION?
Thank you