Decision making

1. DECISION-MAKING
Mrs. Kathleen C. Abaja
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Taguig-Pateros
PRES. DIOSDADO MACAPAGAL HIGH SCHOOL
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Organization and Management

2. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:
• To be able to identify the steps in decision
making process.
• Appreciate and understand the value of
the process in decision making by relating
it to day to day life situation.
• Formulate a decision using the steps in
decision making process.

3. Guide Questions:
• Have you ever made a choice that
resulted in a consequence that you did
not want?
• How do we decide whether we should do
something or not?
• How do you make a choice or decision?

4. Exercise to Build Decision Making
and Problem Solving
Lost at Sea
In this activity, participants must pretend that
they've been shipwrecked and are stranded in
a life boat. Each team has a box of matches,
and a number of items that they've salvaged
from the sinking ship. Members must agree
which items are most important for their
survival.
Mosquito net
A can of petrol
A water container
A shaving mirror
Emergency rations
a sea chart
A fishing rob
Shark repellent
A bottle of rum
A VHF radio
Plastic sheet
Chocolate bars

5. The "correct" order collated by the experts at the US Coast Guard
(from most to least important):
1. Shaving mirror. (One of your most powerful tools, because you
can use it to signal your location by reflecting the sun.)
2. Can of petrol. (Again, potentially vital for signaling as petrol floats
on water and can be lit by your matches.)
3. Water container. (Essential for collecting water to restore your lost
fluids.)
4. Emergency rations. (Valuable for basic food intake.)
5. Plastic sheet. (Could be used for shelter, or to collect rainwater.)
6. Chocolate bars. (A handy food supply.)
7. Fishing rod. (Potentially useful, but there is no guarantee that
you're able to catch fish. Could also feasibly double as a tent
pole.)

6. 8. Rope. (Handy for tying equipment together, but not necessarily
vital for survival.)
9. Shark repellent. (Potentially important when in the water.)
Bottle of rum. (Could be useful as an antiseptic for treating
injuries, but will only dehydrate you if you drink it.)
10. Radio. (Chances are that you're out of range of any signal,
anyway.)
11. Sea chart. (Worthless without navigational equipment.)
12. Mosquito net. (Assuming that you've been shipwrecked in the
Atlantic, where there are no mosquitoes, this is pretty much
useless.)

7. DECISION MAKING
• Is a process of selecting the best among the different
alternatives.
• It is the act of making a choice.
• The selection of choice of one best alternative.
Note: Before making decisions all alternatives
should be evaluated from which advantages and
disadvantages are known. It helps to make the best
decisions.

8. STEPS IN THE DECISION
MAKING PROCESS
1. IDENTIFY THE DECISION
 Recognizing the problem or
opportunity and deciding to address it.
 Determine why this decision will make
a difference to your customers or fellow
employees.

9. STEPS IN THE DECISION
MAKING PROCESS
2. GATHER INFORMATION
 Determine what information is relevant to
the decision at hand so that you can make a
decision based on facts and data.
 Ask yourself what you need to know in
order to make the right decision, then actively
seek out anyone who needs to be involved.

10. STEPS IN THE DECISION
MAKING PROCESS
3. IDENTIFY ALTERNATIVES
 Identify the various solutions at your
disposal.
 It is important to come up with a range
of options. This helps you determine which
course of action is the best way to achieve
your objective.

11. STEPS IN THE DECISION
MAKING PROCESS
4. WEIGH THE EVIDENCE
 In this step, you’ll need to evaluate for feasibility,
acceptability and desirability to know which alternative is
best.
 Managers need to be able to weigh pros and cons,
then select the option that has the highest chances of
success.
Note: It may be helpful to seek out a trusted second opinion to gain a
new perspective on the issue at hand.

12. STEPS IN THE DECISION
MAKING PROCESS
5. CHOOSE AMONG ALTERNATIVES
 Be sure that you understand the risks
involved with your chosen route.
 You may also choose a combination of
alternatives now that you can fully grasp
all relevant information and potential
risks.

13. STEPS IN THE DECISION
MAKING PROCESS
6. TAKE ACTION
 Next, you’ll need to create a plan for
implementation. This involves identifying what
resources are required and gaining support
from employees and stakeholders.
Note: Getting others onboard with your decision is a key
component of executing your plan effectively, so be prepared to
address any questions or concerns that may arise.

14. STEPS IN THE DECISION
MAKING PROCESS
7. REVIEW YOUR DECISION
 Evaluate your decision for
effectiveness.
 Ask yourself what you did well and
what can be improved next time.

16. SELF CHECK
Identify which step of decision making
process is being defined.
1. The evaluation of decision after it is being implemented.
2. Identifying several possible paths of actions.
3. Collecting pertinent information before making decision.
4. Implementing the alternative action you take.
5. Identifying the advantages and disadvantages of each
alternative.
6. Defining the nature of decision you need to make.
7. Selecting the most appropriate alternative to implement.

17. Answer Key
1. Review the decision
2. Identify alternatives
3. Gathering Information
4. Taking action
5. Weighing the evidence
6. Identify the decision
7. Choosing among alternatives

18. Homework
Fill in the spaces provided
in the Decision Making
Wheel. Start by stating the
problem in the hub of the
wheel. Next, move through
the 9 choices, one by one.