A overview of how, when, and why to debate for beginners with no formal training or prior experience of debating, written by Tony Koutsoumbos of the Great Debaters Club
The document discusses stereotypes, providing definitions and examples. It notes that stereotypes are oversimplified ideas or images about groups that are widely accepted. Examples given include stereotypes about different ethnicities, social classes, religions, and sexes. The document suggests stereotypes arise from a lack of exposure to other groups and from media portrayals. Specific stereotypes listed about Americans, Chinese, and Chinese and American stereotypes of each other are provided to illustrate. Partners are prompted to discuss how stereotypes affect relationships between countries and the importance of looking past stereotypes.
This document provides an overview of basic debating skills. It explains that a debate involves arguing for or against a topic using strict rules of conduct and sophisticated arguing techniques. A topic defines what will be debated, with an affirmative team arguing for the topic and a negative team arguing against it. Each debating team has three speakers with specified roles, such as defining the topic, presenting arguments, rebutting the opposing team's arguments, and summarizing their team's position. Speakers are evaluated on the substance of their arguments, how well they are organized and presented, and their public speaking mannerisms. The goal is to build a persuasive case using clear logic and examples while following proper debating protocols.
This document provides information and instructions for participating in a debate. It discusses the key differences between negotiation and debate, offers tips for effective negotiation techniques, and outlines the debate format and process. The debate topics center around claims such as whether men or women are better at certain things. Guidelines are provided for researching the topics, preparing arguments, the structure of the debate rounds, and how participants will be scored. The goal is to have students engage in civil discourse to argue for or against various statements or resolutions.
The document describes the patterns of paragraph and essay development for descriptive writing. Descriptive writing relies on details from the five senses to create a clear image of the subject for the reader. It uses vivid language and details to show rather than tell about the subject. There are three main types of descriptive writing: narrative description which tells a story, subjective description which relates details from a biased viewpoint, and objective description which factually describes a subject using sensory details. Effective descriptive writing techniques include using clear and vivid language, appealing to the senses, and leaving the reader with a clear impression of the subject.
The document provides information about evaluating sources and the Mozart Effect. It includes two articles about the Mozart Effect - one from the University of California Irvine that discovered listening to Mozart does not significantly improve long-term cognitive skills, and one from Appalachian State University that also found no evidence that listening to Mozart temporarily improves spatial-temporal abilities. It discusses how to determine if information is reliable by considering the evidence, authority, and consensus. It outlines the CRAAP test for evaluating sources, which considers currency, reliability, authority, and purpose. It prompts evaluating two sources on these criteria and determining if Mozart CDs should be given to a nephew.
The document discusses the persuasive speech, outlining its definition, purposes, types of evidence, and strategies for constructing arguments. It defines the persuasive speech as gaining fair consideration for one's point of view. It lists eight purposes, including urging a choice, acting as an advocate, and establishing the speaker's character. The document also discusses harmful forms of persuasion, types of evidence like facts and testimony, and developing proofs through logical, emotional, and ethical appeals. It provides guidance on constructing arguments through creating awareness of issues, understanding problems, and offering solutions.
This document defines 47 terms commonly used in academic debate. It provides brief 1-2 sentence definitions for terms like "affirmative", "negative", "plan", "disadvantage", "solvency", "topicality", and "flowsheet" that are important concepts in the structure and process of a formal debate.
The document discusses stereotypes, providing definitions and examples. It notes that stereotypes are oversimplified ideas or images about groups that are widely accepted. Examples given include stereotypes about different ethnicities, social classes, religions, and sexes. The document suggests stereotypes arise from a lack of exposure to other groups and from media portrayals. Specific stereotypes listed about Americans, Chinese, and Chinese and American stereotypes of each other are provided to illustrate. Partners are prompted to discuss how stereotypes affect relationships between countries and the importance of looking past stereotypes.
This document provides an overview of basic debating skills. It explains that a debate involves arguing for or against a topic using strict rules of conduct and sophisticated arguing techniques. A topic defines what will be debated, with an affirmative team arguing for the topic and a negative team arguing against it. Each debating team has three speakers with specified roles, such as defining the topic, presenting arguments, rebutting the opposing team's arguments, and summarizing their team's position. Speakers are evaluated on the substance of their arguments, how well they are organized and presented, and their public speaking mannerisms. The goal is to build a persuasive case using clear logic and examples while following proper debating protocols.
This document provides information and instructions for participating in a debate. It discusses the key differences between negotiation and debate, offers tips for effective negotiation techniques, and outlines the debate format and process. The debate topics center around claims such as whether men or women are better at certain things. Guidelines are provided for researching the topics, preparing arguments, the structure of the debate rounds, and how participants will be scored. The goal is to have students engage in civil discourse to argue for or against various statements or resolutions.
The document describes the patterns of paragraph and essay development for descriptive writing. Descriptive writing relies on details from the five senses to create a clear image of the subject for the reader. It uses vivid language and details to show rather than tell about the subject. There are three main types of descriptive writing: narrative description which tells a story, subjective description which relates details from a biased viewpoint, and objective description which factually describes a subject using sensory details. Effective descriptive writing techniques include using clear and vivid language, appealing to the senses, and leaving the reader with a clear impression of the subject.
The document provides information about evaluating sources and the Mozart Effect. It includes two articles about the Mozart Effect - one from the University of California Irvine that discovered listening to Mozart does not significantly improve long-term cognitive skills, and one from Appalachian State University that also found no evidence that listening to Mozart temporarily improves spatial-temporal abilities. It discusses how to determine if information is reliable by considering the evidence, authority, and consensus. It outlines the CRAAP test for evaluating sources, which considers currency, reliability, authority, and purpose. It prompts evaluating two sources on these criteria and determining if Mozart CDs should be given to a nephew.
The document discusses the persuasive speech, outlining its definition, purposes, types of evidence, and strategies for constructing arguments. It defines the persuasive speech as gaining fair consideration for one's point of view. It lists eight purposes, including urging a choice, acting as an advocate, and establishing the speaker's character. The document also discusses harmful forms of persuasion, types of evidence like facts and testimony, and developing proofs through logical, emotional, and ethical appeals. It provides guidance on constructing arguments through creating awareness of issues, understanding problems, and offering solutions.
This document defines 47 terms commonly used in academic debate. It provides brief 1-2 sentence definitions for terms like "affirmative", "negative", "plan", "disadvantage", "solvency", "topicality", and "flowsheet" that are important concepts in the structure and process of a formal debate.
This document provides guidance on how to approach a debate as a theatrical performance with different roles. It outlines the structure as a 3 act play with construction and cross-examination in Act 1, rebuttal in Act 2, and rejoinder in Act 3. Each role is described, including tips for success. General advice is given around rehearsal, body language, vocal delivery, and avoiding common pitfalls. The overall message is that debate requires preparation, rehearsal, and embracing the performance aspects of each role.
This document lists evaluative words and phrases and maps them to corresponding feelings and needs in giraffes. It shows that evaluative words like "abused", "criticized", and "pressured" can elicit feelings like anger, fear and hurt in giraffes. The document also outlines corresponding needs like caring, respect, autonomy and safety. It aims to help understand how language that judges, diminishes or harms can impact well-being by disconnecting giraffes from their core needs.
The document discusses thesis statements, including what they are, their purpose, and how to write them. It defines a thesis statement as a sentence that presents the main argument or point of an essay. Thesis statements can be open or complete. A complete thesis includes the main points that will be discussed in the body paragraphs. Strong thesis statements make a definite, debatable claim. The document provides examples of weak and strong thesis statements and a formula for writing a complete thesis statement. It also discusses how the thesis relates to the overall structure and argument of the essay.
This document provides information and guidelines for participating in a debate. It defines key terms like debate, resolution, affirmative and negative teams, and rebuttal. It explains that the judges decide the winner. It provides examples of strong versus weak reasons and ways to support reasons, including experience, common sense, expert opinion, and statistics. It also includes debate resolutions and instructions for participants to generate and evaluate reasons.
This document provides an overview of the format and rules for middle school public debate programs. It explains that debates involve structured discussions between two opposing sides aimed at encouraging critical thinking, personal expression, and tolerance of differing opinions. Key aspects of debates covered include having a specific topic, clear proposition and opposition sides, and arguments supported by reasoning and evidence. The debate format involves five-minute constructive speeches from each side, followed by a ten-minute preparation period and three-minute rebuttals. Points of information and respectful heckling are also discussed.
This document provides information about how debates are structured and tips for effective debating. It discusses the key parts of a debate: constructive speeches from each side laying out their arguments, a cross-examination period, and rebuttals. Successful debaters state a clear resolution up front, research their position thoroughly, address their opponents' arguments, and stay focused on the topic while remaining respectful during the debate. Proper preparation, organization, and awareness of timing are essential to persuasive debating.
This document provides an overview of the 7th edition of the MLA formatting style. It discusses the general guidelines for formatting papers including setting margins, font, line spacing, and page headers. It also covers formatting the first page, section headings, in-text citations, quoting sources, and constructing a Works Cited page. Examples are provided throughout to illustrate proper citation of various source types in both the text and reference list. Assistance for MLA style questions can be found through the Purdue Online Writing Lab.
This document discusses various methods for gathering materials for research projects. It covers using your own knowledge and experience, conducting library research, searching the internet, interviewing subjects, and writing or calling organizations for information. Library research involves using card catalogs, computer catalogs, periodical indexes, newspapers indexes, and reference works. When searching the internet, you can use browsers, search engines, keywords, and bookmarks. Tips are provided for conducting interviews and following up after interviews. The document concludes with tips for doing research such as starting early, making a preliminary bibliography, taking efficient notes, and thinking about materials as you research.
Debate is a method of interactive argument between sides discussing a proposition. A debate involves a moderator, timekeeper, and judge. Debates have an introduction, discussion, and conclusion. Each side presents evidence and rebuttals of the opposition's arguments. Different debate styles include Lincoln-Douglas debates which are one-on-one and focus on philosophy, and parliamentary debates which involve multiple speakers on teams debating proposed laws. Debates follow structured speeches and allow questions between sides.
This document discusses the key elements of making claims in arguments. It defines a claim as a single statement that is the topic of an argument, stated against the status quo in a way that clearly defines the burdens of proof for both sides. It outlines the burdens of proof, presumption, and rebuttal that both sides must address. It also categorizes claims into three types: claims of fact, value, and policy and provides examples of each.
This document provides guidance on effective participation in group discussions. It outlines tips for speaking effectively, creating a cooperative atmosphere, using persuasive strategies, turn-taking, and proper intervention. The key points are discussing problems and solutions, defining concepts clearly without ambiguity using accurate language, actively listening to others' viewpoints, and asserting opinions politely and respectfully.
This document discusses citing sources in academic writing. It explains that citations are references to published or unpublished sources consulted for a research paper. There are two main types of citations: in-text citations and bibliographies or reference lists at the end. Proper citations are important for several reasons, including avoiding plagiarism and showing the breadth of research. The document outlines best practices for citing sources, such as using a variety of citation styles and verbs, keeping quotations brief, and evaluating source reliability. Common citation styles include APA, MLA, Chicago, and Harvard styles.
Sandra Cash critiques her informative speech given to her home church on November 6, 2010. She analyzes what she did well, including having an interesting topic that engaged her audience and accomplishing her goal of informing them about flood myths. However, she notes some areas for improvement, such as speaking louder, staying better synchronized with her powerpoint slides, and appearing less nervous. The goal of her critique is to evaluate her performance as a speaker and identify aspects that could be strengthened.
The document discusses Aristotle and the principles of rhetoric. It defines rhetoric as the art of persuasion, with the goal of changing others' views or motivating action. It then defines and provides examples of logos (logic/facts), ethos (ethics/credibility), and pathos (emotion) as the three modes of persuasion developed by Aristotle. Logos appeals to reason, ethos establishes the speaker's character, and pathos appeals to emotion.
This document discusses ethics and ethical guidelines for public speaking. It outlines that ethics deals with issues of right and wrong and requires weighing potential actions against ethical standards. The document provides ethical speaking guidelines such as being fully prepared, honest, and avoiding name-calling or abusive language. It defines types of plagiarism like global, patchwork, and incremental plagiarism. Additionally, it notes that speechmaking requires ethical listening from the audience, with guidelines like being courteous and attentive while allowing free expression of ideas.
While taking notes is an easy task, taking minutes requires a bit more structure as your "notes" become a record of whatever meeting or event you've written about. Whether it’s a public meeting or one that’s behind closed doors, you will understand the rules (Specific Rules for NH) that govern the minute-writing process. Additionally, you will learn tricks, tips and shortcuts that will ensure that you answer the who's, what's, where's and when's accurately and with ease. In addition to the traditional "pen and paper" method, sample Word templates and free minute-taking software will be discussed.
The document provides instructions for evaluating an argument presented in an informational text. It defines key concepts like claims, evidence, logical and emotional appeals. It also provides examples and questions to help evaluate an argument about the jury system presented in a passage. The passage argues that the jury system is fair because jurors come from varied backgrounds, ensuring verdicts are not based on individual biases. It provides some evidence to support this claim.
1. Key characteristics of effective claims include being stated as a clear position rather than a question, being phrased without biased language to allow both sides to advocate their positions fairly, and being as specific as possible about who, what, when, and where.
2. A claim should be against the status quo or current approach to create potential for debate, and the burdens of proof should be clear for both the pro side arguing for the claim and the con side arguing against changing the status quo.
3. Both sides should debate the same single claim to maintain a clear focus, rather than multiple claims, and effective claims promote a pro/con argumentative environment where one side advocates accepting the claim and the
This document provides information about debates, including what a debate is, the structure of formal debates, important elements and strategies for debates. It discusses that a debate involves two sides discussing a resolution, with one side supporting and one opposing. It emphasizes that the goal is to improve arguments, not raise voices. Key parts of debates are identified as the parties, speeches, judge and decision. Central elements of arguments are outlined as perspective, development, exchange of ideas, refutation and defense. The document provides guidance on preparing for and participating in debates.
The document outlines the order of procedure and criteria for judging a parliamentary debate competition.
The order of procedure lists the various stages of a debate, including time allotted for proposing and opposing the motion, open debate, and summaries. Judges will assess teams on their strategy, content, and style, with an emphasis on teamwork, rebuttal, logical arguments, and oratory skills. Additional guidance is provided on definitions, burden of proof, and the goal of evaluating how teams would impress a reasonable observer.
This document provides guidance on how to approach a debate as a theatrical performance with different roles. It outlines the structure as a 3 act play with construction and cross-examination in Act 1, rebuttal in Act 2, and rejoinder in Act 3. Each role is described, including tips for success. General advice is given around rehearsal, body language, vocal delivery, and avoiding common pitfalls. The overall message is that debate requires preparation, rehearsal, and embracing the performance aspects of each role.
This document lists evaluative words and phrases and maps them to corresponding feelings and needs in giraffes. It shows that evaluative words like "abused", "criticized", and "pressured" can elicit feelings like anger, fear and hurt in giraffes. The document also outlines corresponding needs like caring, respect, autonomy and safety. It aims to help understand how language that judges, diminishes or harms can impact well-being by disconnecting giraffes from their core needs.
The document discusses thesis statements, including what they are, their purpose, and how to write them. It defines a thesis statement as a sentence that presents the main argument or point of an essay. Thesis statements can be open or complete. A complete thesis includes the main points that will be discussed in the body paragraphs. Strong thesis statements make a definite, debatable claim. The document provides examples of weak and strong thesis statements and a formula for writing a complete thesis statement. It also discusses how the thesis relates to the overall structure and argument of the essay.
This document provides information and guidelines for participating in a debate. It defines key terms like debate, resolution, affirmative and negative teams, and rebuttal. It explains that the judges decide the winner. It provides examples of strong versus weak reasons and ways to support reasons, including experience, common sense, expert opinion, and statistics. It also includes debate resolutions and instructions for participants to generate and evaluate reasons.
This document provides an overview of the format and rules for middle school public debate programs. It explains that debates involve structured discussions between two opposing sides aimed at encouraging critical thinking, personal expression, and tolerance of differing opinions. Key aspects of debates covered include having a specific topic, clear proposition and opposition sides, and arguments supported by reasoning and evidence. The debate format involves five-minute constructive speeches from each side, followed by a ten-minute preparation period and three-minute rebuttals. Points of information and respectful heckling are also discussed.
This document provides information about how debates are structured and tips for effective debating. It discusses the key parts of a debate: constructive speeches from each side laying out their arguments, a cross-examination period, and rebuttals. Successful debaters state a clear resolution up front, research their position thoroughly, address their opponents' arguments, and stay focused on the topic while remaining respectful during the debate. Proper preparation, organization, and awareness of timing are essential to persuasive debating.
This document provides an overview of the 7th edition of the MLA formatting style. It discusses the general guidelines for formatting papers including setting margins, font, line spacing, and page headers. It also covers formatting the first page, section headings, in-text citations, quoting sources, and constructing a Works Cited page. Examples are provided throughout to illustrate proper citation of various source types in both the text and reference list. Assistance for MLA style questions can be found through the Purdue Online Writing Lab.
This document discusses various methods for gathering materials for research projects. It covers using your own knowledge and experience, conducting library research, searching the internet, interviewing subjects, and writing or calling organizations for information. Library research involves using card catalogs, computer catalogs, periodical indexes, newspapers indexes, and reference works. When searching the internet, you can use browsers, search engines, keywords, and bookmarks. Tips are provided for conducting interviews and following up after interviews. The document concludes with tips for doing research such as starting early, making a preliminary bibliography, taking efficient notes, and thinking about materials as you research.
Debate is a method of interactive argument between sides discussing a proposition. A debate involves a moderator, timekeeper, and judge. Debates have an introduction, discussion, and conclusion. Each side presents evidence and rebuttals of the opposition's arguments. Different debate styles include Lincoln-Douglas debates which are one-on-one and focus on philosophy, and parliamentary debates which involve multiple speakers on teams debating proposed laws. Debates follow structured speeches and allow questions between sides.
This document discusses the key elements of making claims in arguments. It defines a claim as a single statement that is the topic of an argument, stated against the status quo in a way that clearly defines the burdens of proof for both sides. It outlines the burdens of proof, presumption, and rebuttal that both sides must address. It also categorizes claims into three types: claims of fact, value, and policy and provides examples of each.
This document provides guidance on effective participation in group discussions. It outlines tips for speaking effectively, creating a cooperative atmosphere, using persuasive strategies, turn-taking, and proper intervention. The key points are discussing problems and solutions, defining concepts clearly without ambiguity using accurate language, actively listening to others' viewpoints, and asserting opinions politely and respectfully.
This document discusses citing sources in academic writing. It explains that citations are references to published or unpublished sources consulted for a research paper. There are two main types of citations: in-text citations and bibliographies or reference lists at the end. Proper citations are important for several reasons, including avoiding plagiarism and showing the breadth of research. The document outlines best practices for citing sources, such as using a variety of citation styles and verbs, keeping quotations brief, and evaluating source reliability. Common citation styles include APA, MLA, Chicago, and Harvard styles.
Sandra Cash critiques her informative speech given to her home church on November 6, 2010. She analyzes what she did well, including having an interesting topic that engaged her audience and accomplishing her goal of informing them about flood myths. However, she notes some areas for improvement, such as speaking louder, staying better synchronized with her powerpoint slides, and appearing less nervous. The goal of her critique is to evaluate her performance as a speaker and identify aspects that could be strengthened.
The document discusses Aristotle and the principles of rhetoric. It defines rhetoric as the art of persuasion, with the goal of changing others' views or motivating action. It then defines and provides examples of logos (logic/facts), ethos (ethics/credibility), and pathos (emotion) as the three modes of persuasion developed by Aristotle. Logos appeals to reason, ethos establishes the speaker's character, and pathos appeals to emotion.
This document discusses ethics and ethical guidelines for public speaking. It outlines that ethics deals with issues of right and wrong and requires weighing potential actions against ethical standards. The document provides ethical speaking guidelines such as being fully prepared, honest, and avoiding name-calling or abusive language. It defines types of plagiarism like global, patchwork, and incremental plagiarism. Additionally, it notes that speechmaking requires ethical listening from the audience, with guidelines like being courteous and attentive while allowing free expression of ideas.
While taking notes is an easy task, taking minutes requires a bit more structure as your "notes" become a record of whatever meeting or event you've written about. Whether it’s a public meeting or one that’s behind closed doors, you will understand the rules (Specific Rules for NH) that govern the minute-writing process. Additionally, you will learn tricks, tips and shortcuts that will ensure that you answer the who's, what's, where's and when's accurately and with ease. In addition to the traditional "pen and paper" method, sample Word templates and free minute-taking software will be discussed.
The document provides instructions for evaluating an argument presented in an informational text. It defines key concepts like claims, evidence, logical and emotional appeals. It also provides examples and questions to help evaluate an argument about the jury system presented in a passage. The passage argues that the jury system is fair because jurors come from varied backgrounds, ensuring verdicts are not based on individual biases. It provides some evidence to support this claim.
1. Key characteristics of effective claims include being stated as a clear position rather than a question, being phrased without biased language to allow both sides to advocate their positions fairly, and being as specific as possible about who, what, when, and where.
2. A claim should be against the status quo or current approach to create potential for debate, and the burdens of proof should be clear for both the pro side arguing for the claim and the con side arguing against changing the status quo.
3. Both sides should debate the same single claim to maintain a clear focus, rather than multiple claims, and effective claims promote a pro/con argumentative environment where one side advocates accepting the claim and the
This document provides information about debates, including what a debate is, the structure of formal debates, important elements and strategies for debates. It discusses that a debate involves two sides discussing a resolution, with one side supporting and one opposing. It emphasizes that the goal is to improve arguments, not raise voices. Key parts of debates are identified as the parties, speeches, judge and decision. Central elements of arguments are outlined as perspective, development, exchange of ideas, refutation and defense. The document provides guidance on preparing for and participating in debates.
The document outlines the order of procedure and criteria for judging a parliamentary debate competition.
The order of procedure lists the various stages of a debate, including time allotted for proposing and opposing the motion, open debate, and summaries. Judges will assess teams on their strategy, content, and style, with an emphasis on teamwork, rebuttal, logical arguments, and oratory skills. Additional guidance is provided on definitions, burden of proof, and the goal of evaluating how teams would impress a reasonable observer.
The document outlines objectives for understanding consultation, negotiation, and joint problem solving. It defines consultation as jointly examining issues to find acceptable solutions while management reserves decision rights. Benefits include improved employee involvement, cooperation, and decision-making. Joint problem solving enables identifying, tackling, and resolving issues through consensus. Negotiation implies agreement is required, with parties having commitment and authority to vary terms. Theories of negotiation include integrative/interest-based bargaining and distributive/position-based bargaining. Stages of negotiation include preparation, opening moves, middle game, and end game. Positive behaviors include questioning, listening, and focusing on interests, while negative behaviors include interrupting and entrenched positions.
Combining from many sources specially the ones I get from English Debate Society of Universitas Bakrie, here's the Debate 101 presentation that I usually used in my coaching or teaching activities.
This is a pilot presentation for a multi-campus ESL learning opportunity allowing English learners to engage in higher level discussions in a structured manner.
What is Debate?
a formal contest of argumentation between two teams or individuals
More broadly, and more importantly, debate is an essential tool for developing and maintaining democracy and open societies
embodies the ideals of reasoned argument, tolerance for divergent points of view and rigorous self-examination
MECHANICS
Debaters work together in teams of three and must research both sides of each issue
Each team is given the opportunity to offer arguments and direct questions to the opposing team
Choosing a DEBATE TOPIC
Whatever topic you choose to debate, make sure it is something you can form an argument for or against.
The more passionate you are about a topic, the better.
TIPS FOR THE DEBATE
Time conscious – group leader as well as the group member should keep track of time to ensure that discussion is moving efficiently.
Individually brainstorm – should begin listing reasons for both sides of the argument. Think of what most intelligent people say about the topic.
Present – discuss your brainstorm as a team. Come to an agreement on how you will interpret the topic.
Speech wise – prepare speeches individually. The first and second speakers should begin preparing engaging speeches. The statements should be backed up with research where possible.
KINDS OF DEBATE
.......
The document discusses the key elements of a debate. It defines a debate as a structured argument between two sides on a particular topic or resolution. The main points covered include:
- The roles of the affirmative and negative sides in supporting or opposing the resolution.
- Guidelines for participants on research, constructing speeches, rebuttals, and the psychological aspects of debating.
- Tips on public speaking skills like style, tone, volume and eye contact.
- Procedures for moderating a debate such as announcing the topic, assigning sides, and timekeeping.
- Resources for further information on rules, strategies and the elements of an effective debate.
This document provides guidance on an effective closing argument. It discusses selecting powerful arguments tailored to the jury, organizing the argument around the key issues, developing points with clear statements and support, and delivering the argument extemporaneously while speaking directly to the jury. The goal is to persuasively analyze the factual disputes and legal issues through creative interpretation of the evidence and inferences.
This document provides guidance for teachers on preparing students for debates in the classroom. It explains that debates engage students cognitively and linguistically. It outlines the key elements of a parliamentary debate format, including having two sides that argue for or against a motion, time limits for speakers, and a neutral chairperson. The document also offers tips for choosing motions, brainstorming and researching arguments, grouping similar reasons, and turning assertions into fully supported arguments to strengthen each team's position.
Debate is a formal argumentative contest between individuals or teams that aims to persuade others of a position. It teaches skills like critical thinking, teamwork, research, and the ability to think on one's feet. A debate involves presenting structured arguments and rebuttals on a given topic. To run an effective debate, the organizer should clarify participants and structure, maintain a respectful environment, and ensure all sides have a chance to present their views before reaching a conclusion. Debate skills are also valuable for business, teaching how to communicate positions, make tough decisions under pressure, and understand different perspectives.
These seminars aim to help people learn how to judge debates by taking on the role of an "ordinary intelligent person". Judges should see their role as rationally evaluating which team made the strongest argument for their side based on the debate itself, without intervening or relying on specialist knowledge. When judging, they should follow the logical flow of arguments, consider which positions were most supported or refuted, determine rankings by comparing team performances, and provide specific feedback to explain their reasoning and help teams improve.
Case Study 10.1 Introduction to the Case Study Introduction to.docxtidwellveronique
Case Study / 10.1 Introduction to the Case Study
Introduction to the Case Study
This last chapter is different from the others. Instead of introducing a new area of critical thinking, it is a capstone activity in which you will apply the skills you've learned to one contemporary, controversial issue.
The topic for this case study is global climate change. Because it is beyond the scope of this course to thoroughly evaluate a complex scientific topic, you will not be expected to form a position or offer your opinion on this topic. Rather, the material in this chapter is presented for you to practice evaluating arguments, identifying fallacies, and questioning sources—with the hope that you will continue to apply these skills whenever you encounter material aimed to persuade.
This chapter won't present any new exposition. Instead, we provide some relevant review notes that have been excerpted from the earlier chapters. You can consult these notes if you need a refresher as you work through the final videos, articles, and questions in the course.
REVIEW NOTES
Arguments
To say that something is true is to make a claim. But to give reasons to believe that it is true is to make an argument. Thus all arguments consist of at least two parts:
1. premise – one or more reasons to support the claim
2. conclusion – the claim being supported
Common Fallacies
Fallacy:a type of flawed reasoning
1. Begging the question: fallacy where the argument relies on a premise that resembles the conclusion, depends on the conclusion, or is as controversial as the conclusion.
2. Appeal to popularity: fallacy where the arguer attempts to bolster his or her argument by mentioning that "everybody" (or a large group of people) shares the same belief, preference, or habit.
3. Post hoc ergo propter hoc: fallacy where the arguer assumes that because there is a correlation between two events (i.e., one preceded the other), then the first must have caused the second. The phrase is Latin for "after this, therefore because of this."
4. Appeal to ignorance: fallacy where the arguer claims that because something cannot be proven false, it must be true unless the opponent can disprove the conclusion.
5. Appeal to emotion: fallacy where the arguer tries to persuade the audience by arousing feelings such as pity, fear, patriotism, flattery, etc. in lieu of presenting rational arguments.
6. Unqualified authority: fallacy where the arguer tries to get people to agree by appealing to the reputation of someone who is not an expert in the field or otherwise qualified to prove that something is true.
7. Ad hominem: fallacy where the arguer attacks his or her opponent's personal characteristics, qualifications, or circumstances instead of the argument presented. The phrase is Latin for "to the man."
8. False dichotomy: fallacy where the arguer inaccurately portrays a circumstance as having a limited number of possible outcomes, thus setting up an either-or situation with the intent of prese ...
This lecture discusses group discussions, debates, and one minute presentations. It defines group discussions as an exchange of ideas between participants on a topic. The key aspects checked in group discussions are communication skills, open-mindedness, leadership, and social confidence. Debates involve a formal discussion where opposing sides argue the pros and cons of an issue. Debate rules require affirmative and negative teams to take turns giving constructive and rebuttal speeches to support their positions using evidence and logic.
This document provides an introduction to debate and building effective arguments. It defines key terms used in debate such as facts, opinions, evidence, claims, and affirmative and negative sides. It explains that debate involves arguing both sides of an issue using logic and research to persuade judges. The core of debate is refutation, where debaters make their own arguments and respond to the opposing team's arguments to prove their position is better supported.
The panel discussion focused on impact through dialogue and deliberation. They discussed reasons for researchers to facilitate dialogue such as to gain diverse perspectives, build awareness of research, and explore social and ethical issues. Key dynamics in dialogue include building safety, storytelling, listening, and collaborative inquiry. Challenges include creating the right environment, managing expectations, redefining expertise, and balancing advocacy and facilitation. The discussion emphasized building capacity for dialogic facilitation through awareness of emotional and factual content in discussions.
This document provides an overview of negotiation concepts and best practices. It defines negotiation as a communication process where two parties try to reach an agreement on an issue of common concern while representing their own viewpoints and objectives. The document then discusses characteristics of negotiation such as conflicting interests and interdependence between parties. It also covers culture-specific negotiation styles, why negotiations are important for organizations, and qualities of an effective negotiator. The remainder of the document outlines steps for effective planning and preparation, including framing issues, setting negotiation norms, presenting facts, and addressing potential barriers. It concludes by discussing competitive and collaborative negotiation approaches and the importance of communication.
This document provides an overview of cross-examination debate. It explains that cross-examination debate involves direct confrontation between opposing debate team members through a question and answer exchange. The goals are to clarify the opposition's points, expose errors or unsupported claims, and obtain damaging admissions. Key components include one speaker asking questions while the opponent answers, avoiding sarcasm or evasiveness, and being polite and focused. Cross-examination debate differs from parliamentary debate in that there are no interruptions allowed and each speaker's speech is followed by a questioning period from the opposition.
The document summarizes conflict management and resolution strategies. It discusses the phases of conflict escalation from harmony to disintegration. It emphasizes building trust between parties by acting with integrity, respecting others' views, and seeking solutions that benefit everyone. Effective communication involves skills like dialogue, listening to understand other perspectives, and exploring issues from multiple sides to find truth. When deciding whether to address a conflict, factors to consider are its potential impact, risks, rewards, and confidence in the resolution process. The document outlines a four-phase process for dialogue-based conflict resolution: preparation, initiation, exploration of all views, and collaborative solution finding.
The document summarizes a presentation on incorporating debate into English language teaching. It discusses what debate is, the skills it helps develop, how to design a debate-focused syllabus, and tips for structuring classroom debates. Debate involves arguing for or against a resolution and helps improve students' critical thinking, research, public speaking and listening skills. The presentation provides examples of debate topics and structures for classroom debates, as well as suggestions for supporting arguments and developing counterarguments.
The document discusses communication techniques that are useful in mediation cases. It covers four phases of mediation: pre-mediation which involves building the basis for a successful mediation through private meetings; main-mediation which focuses on interest-based bargaining and settlement through conferences and caucuses; post-mediation which addresses ensuring durable agreements; and meta-mediation which aims for transformation and reconciliation. The document also outlines various communication techniques mediators can use such as active listening, probing questions, checking understanding through review and summary, and giving information through "I" statements. It discusses using reframing, moderating, eliciting suggestions, and getting agreement on action plans.
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This presentation is a curated compilation of PowerPoint diagrams and templates designed to illustrate 20 different digital transformation frameworks and models. These frameworks are based on recent industry trends and best practices, ensuring that the content remains relevant and up-to-date.
Key highlights include Microsoft's Digital Transformation Framework, which focuses on driving innovation and efficiency, and McKinsey's Ten Guiding Principles, which provide strategic insights for successful digital transformation. Additionally, Forrester's framework emphasizes enhancing customer experiences and modernizing IT infrastructure, while IDC's MaturityScape helps assess and develop organizational digital maturity. MIT's framework explores cutting-edge strategies for achieving digital success.
These materials are perfect for enhancing your business or classroom presentations, offering visual aids to supplement your insights. Please note that while comprehensive, these slides are intended as supplementary resources and may not be complete for standalone instructional purposes.
Frameworks/Models included:
Microsoft’s Digital Transformation Framework
McKinsey’s Ten Guiding Principles of Digital Transformation
Forrester’s Digital Transformation Framework
IDC’s Digital Transformation MaturityScape
MIT’s Digital Transformation Framework
Gartner’s Digital Transformation Framework
Accenture’s Digital Strategy & Enterprise Frameworks
Deloitte’s Digital Industrial Transformation Framework
Capgemini’s Digital Transformation Framework
PwC’s Digital Transformation Framework
Cisco’s Digital Transformation Framework
Cognizant’s Digital Transformation Framework
DXC Technology’s Digital Transformation Framework
The BCG Strategy Palette
McKinsey’s Digital Transformation Framework
Digital Transformation Compass
Four Levels of Digital Maturity
Design Thinking Framework
Business Model Canvas
Customer Journey Map
Digital Marketing with a Focus on Sustainabilitysssourabhsharma
Digital Marketing best practices including influencer marketing, content creators, and omnichannel marketing for Sustainable Brands at the Sustainable Cosmetics Summit 2024 in New York
[To download this presentation, visit:
https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations]
This PowerPoint compilation offers a comprehensive overview of 20 leading innovation management frameworks and methodologies, selected for their broad applicability across various industries and organizational contexts. These frameworks are valuable resources for a wide range of users, including business professionals, educators, and consultants.
Each framework is presented with visually engaging diagrams and templates, ensuring the content is both informative and appealing. While this compilation is thorough, please note that the slides are intended as supplementary resources and may not be sufficient for standalone instructional purposes.
This compilation is ideal for anyone looking to enhance their understanding of innovation management and drive meaningful change within their organization. Whether you aim to improve product development processes, enhance customer experiences, or drive digital transformation, these frameworks offer valuable insights and tools to help you achieve your goals.
INCLUDED FRAMEWORKS/MODELS:
1. Stanford’s Design Thinking
2. IDEO’s Human-Centered Design
3. Strategyzer’s Business Model Innovation
4. Lean Startup Methodology
5. Agile Innovation Framework
6. Doblin’s Ten Types of Innovation
7. McKinsey’s Three Horizons of Growth
8. Customer Journey Map
9. Christensen’s Disruptive Innovation Theory
10. Blue Ocean Strategy
11. Strategyn’s Jobs-To-Be-Done (JTBD) Framework with Job Map
12. Design Sprint Framework
13. The Double Diamond
14. Lean Six Sigma DMAIC
15. TRIZ Problem-Solving Framework
16. Edward de Bono’s Six Thinking Hats
17. Stage-Gate Model
18. Toyota’s Six Steps of Kaizen
19. Microsoft’s Digital Transformation Framework
20. Design for Six Sigma (DFSS)
To download this presentation, visit:
https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations
Ellen Burstyn: From Detroit Dreamer to Hollywood Legend | CIO Women MagazineCIOWomenMagazine
In this article, we will dive into the extraordinary life of Ellen Burstyn, where the curtains rise on a story that's far more attractive than any script.
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Part 2 Deep Dive: Navigating the 2024 Slowdownjeffkluth1
Introduction
The global retail industry has weathered numerous storms, with the financial crisis of 2008 serving as a poignant reminder of the sector's resilience and adaptability. However, as we navigate the complex landscape of 2024, retailers face a unique set of challenges that demand innovative strategies and a fundamental shift in mindset. This white paper contrasts the impact of the 2008 recession on the retail sector with the current headwinds retailers are grappling with, while offering a comprehensive roadmap for success in this new paradigm.
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Presentation by Herman Kienhuis (Curiosity VC) on Investing in AI for ABS Alu...Herman Kienhuis
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NIMA2024 | De toegevoegde waarde van DEI en ESG in campagnes | Nathalie Lam |...BBPMedia1
Nathalie zal delen hoe DEI en ESG een fundamentele rol kunnen spelen in je merkstrategie en je de juiste aansluiting kan creëren met je doelgroep. Door middel van voorbeelden en simpele handvatten toont ze hoe dit in jouw organisatie toegepast kan worden.
Brian Fitzsimmons on the Business Strategy and Content Flywheel of Barstool S...Neil Horowitz
On episode 272 of the Digital and Social Media Sports Podcast, Neil chatted with Brian Fitzsimmons, Director of Licensing and Business Development for Barstool Sports.
What follows is a collection of snippets from the podcast. To hear the full interview and more, check out the podcast on all podcast platforms and at www.dsmsports.net
Starting a business is like embarking on an unpredictable adventure. It’s a journey filled with highs and lows, victories and defeats. But what if I told you that those setbacks and failures could be the very stepping stones that lead you to fortune? Let’s explore how resilience, adaptability, and strategic thinking can transform adversity into opportunity.
Industrial Tech SW: Category Renewal and CreationChristian Dahlen
Every industrial revolution has created a new set of categories and a new set of players.
Multiple new technologies have emerged, but Samsara and C3.ai are only two companies which have gone public so far.
Manufacturing startups constitute the largest pipeline share of unicorns and IPO candidates in the SF Bay Area, and software startups dominate in Germany.
4. Definition
The presentation and examination of two or more opposing
viewpoints on a specific proposition with the aim of assessing
their compatibility and, if necessary, choosing between them.
Distinct from a negotiation, which aims to establish agreement or
consensus, and a discussion, which facilitates the exchange of
viewpoints without requiring a decision at the end of it.
6. When to debate
Situation and purpose Most appropriate form of dialogue
• Brainstorming, exploring options, conducting a
listening exercise to see where everyone stands
• Discussion – hear everyone out - no need to make
anyone pin their colours to the mast just yet
• Gathering evidence, fact-finding, surveying expert
opinion, researching case-studies
• Interview – focus on asking good questions and
collecting as much data as possible
• Comparing options, testing assumptions, making
decisions, and justifying consequences
• Debate – decision must be based on accurate
portrayal of best case for each available option
• Securing the support of those who lost the debate
and ironing out the final details
• Negotiation – goal is to build sufficient consensus
to ensure decision is implemented and honoured
• Resolving disputes and repairing relationships to
allow for process to be repeated in future
• Mediation – judge the dialogue on how it is
conducted rather than how it is concluded
8. Setting rules for structured debates
Obstacle in everyday disagreement Solution in structured debating
• Peer pressure
• Dissent not just permitted
but actively encouraged
• Bias or parochialism
• Speakers required to defend
positions other than their own
• Intimidation
• Protected speaking time and
personal attacks forbidden
• Deviation
• Moderator to intervene if and
when speakers go off topic
• Repercussions
• Designation of a specific forum
as safe space for debate
9. Setting standards for structured debates
Stage 1
Have both sides addressed
the issues at the heart of
the debate?
If No
Debate inconclusive
as both sides are talking
about different issues.
If Yes
Proceed to Stage 2
Stage 2
Have both sides made a
persuasive case for their
own positions?
If No
Debate inconclusive if
audience don’t consider
either side to be credible.
If Yes
Proceed to Stage 3
Stage 3
Have both sides analysed
each other's evidence and
reasoning?
If No
Debate inconclusive if false
claims and logical fallacies
escape scrutiny.
If Yes
Proceed to Stage 4
Stage 4
Have both sides compared
each other's positions with
their own?
If No
Debate inconclusive if it is
unclear which side has
made the best case.
If Yes
Proceed to vote
10. The ultimate goal?
Not to produce unanimous agreement
But to produce a decision that everyone can accept as fair
and legitimate even if they disagree with it
aka DEMOCRACY
13. Position – clarifying your stance
Problem solution outcome
Place the debate in context and explore why a decision is needed at all,
the viability of the options available, and the likely consequences.
Burden of proof
Sum up the points that the case for change will need to prove and that
the case against it will in turn need to disprove.
Points of clash
List the strongest arguments for and against on each point and then
decide which ones to concede and which to contest.
14. Philosophy – justifying your position
Framing the debate
Clarify what both sides assume to be true and how this influences what
they consider to be the top priorities when making this decision.
Connecting principles to position
Test the logical consistency of each side’s position by applying their
philosophy to the specific circumstances of the debate.
Logical fallacies
Test the logical consistency of individual arguments by screening them
for fallacies that prey on widely held cognitive biases.
15. Presentation – persuading your audience
Ethos – watch example video
Presenting yourself or your sources as a trusted authority, especially if
what you are proposing is counter-intuitive or unconventional.
Pathos – watch example video
Helping your audience to empathise with others by sharing experiences
that help them to see the world from someone else’s point of view .
Logos – watch example video
Using agreed facts or modes of reasoning that lead your audience to
conclude for themselves that your argument must be true.
16. Debate strategy – the iDEAs methodology
Opening speakers Middle speakers Closing speakers
introduce your arguments
Define your position and
burden of proof
Define the points your
side still needs to prove
Define the conflict at the
heart of the debate
Explain the reasoning
behind your position
Explain how they support
your side’s position
Explain the position of
both sides on that conflict
Analyse the conflict at the
heart of the debate
Analyse the arguments
made by the other side
Analyse the comparative
strength of both positions
summarise your arguments