This document discusses the key elements of making claims in arguments. It defines a claim as a single statement that is the topic of an argument, stated against the status quo in a way that clearly defines the burdens of proof for both sides. It outlines the burdens of proof, presumption, and rebuttal that both sides must address. It also categorizes claims into three types: claims of fact, value, and policy and provides examples of each.

1. Claims
by: Jennifer Villalobos

2. Before making claims
1) Find the issues through research, brain
storm and analysis (issues are questions)
Pick one quality issue.
2) Answer the issue (question) the answer is
called “contention”
Use the contention to make a statement.

3. A claim is…
a single statement.
the topic of an argument.
not a question.
phrased against the status quo.
phrased in a way that burdens are clear
to both sides of the claim.

4. Burdens in Claims
Burden of proof (pro side of an argument/claim)
Burden of Presumption (con side)
Burden to make a prima facie case (pro/con side)
Burden of Rebutal (pro/con side)

5. Three types of Claims
Claim of Fact
Claim of Value
Claim of Policy

6. Claim of Fact
Is a statement of something that
has existed (past), exists
(present) or will exist (future)
Ex:”The oldest known disease in
the world is leprosy”.

7. Claim of Value
A claim of value is
based on preference
such as likes /dislikes
(good or bad)
Ex: The Lakers are a the best team in the NBA.

8. Claim of Policy
Is a statement that Indicates
that an action must be taken
in specific policies.
Ex: . Congress should pass the dream act.

9. Claims are debated
in 7 Environments
Political debate claims of policy.
Scholarly and Business debate claims of fact.
Legal debate claims of fact and policy.
Educational debate claims of value and
policy.
Religious debate of fact and value claims
Social debates all claims (fact, value, policy)

10. More examples of types of
claims
1. Yougurtland is better than Pinkberry
(claim of value)
2. China will be the number one English
speaking country. (claim of fact)
3. Congress should reduce the drinking age
to 18. (claim of policy)