Debating involves two teams (affirmative and negative) arguing for or against a topic. Each team has three speakers. The document outlines the rules and structure of a debate, including the duties of each speaker, how to define and interpret the topic, how to prepare arguments, and tips for effective presentation and structure. Good debaters use clear, well-supported arguments and address both their own position and the opposing position.
The document defines key terms used for different types of writing such as narrative, persuasive, and informative essays. It outlines important elements for each type such as conflict and resolution for narratives, arguments and supporting details for persuasive writing, and main ideas and facts for informative essays. Transitions, word choice, and language appropriate for the audience and purpose are discussed as important across all types of writing.
The document provides guidance on listening comprehension for the TOEFL exam. It discusses the typical structure of lectures and conversations in the listening section, which usually involve an introduction stating the topic and purpose, supporting details and examples, and a conclusion. Distracting elements like digressions and interruptions are common in the listening tasks. Students are advised to take minimal notes focusing on major points due to time constraints. Active listening strategies from reading, like identifying purpose and key details, are also important. Sample lecture segments are analyzed showing the expected introduction of topics, examples, and transitions between ideas.
This document discusses reading skills and the reading process. It covers several key points:
- There are different types of reading including scanning, skimming, intensive reading, and extensive reading that employ different strategies.
- The reading process involves both bottom-up processing of individual words and grammar as well as top-down processing using background knowledge.
- Readers use eye movements to focus on words in short fixations and jumps to read text.
- Successful reading requires knowledge of text structure and genres, language elements, topics, and formal language skills like spelling and grammar.
- Readers deploy different skills depending on the text and their purpose in reading.
The document provides tips for improving reading skills for the TOEFL exam. It discusses 10 tips: 1) memorizing question types, 2) focusing on keywords, 3) practicing with a timer, 4) being aware of modifiers in answers, 5) learning academic vocabulary, 6) understanding word parts, 7) being an active reader, 8) studying the same test multiple times, 9) explaining answers, and 10) practicing with short passages. It emphasizes spending the most time on question types like negative detail and paraphrasing that require rereading passages.
This document provides guidance on analyzing persuasive language use in a text. It discusses identifying the contention, planning a response by outlining the background, contention, reasons, writer, tone, and audience. It also analyzes persuasive techniques including logic, emotion, tone, audience, annotated text examples, and outlines the structure of an analysis including an introduction, body paragraphs, visual analysis, and conclusion.
A persuasive text aims to convince readers by appealing to their emotions and ability to reason. Some common types of persuasive texts include speeches, books, and essays that try to get readers to agree with a point of view. Writers use techniques like facts, repetition, and strong language to persuade. They may repeat phrases to draw attention and create rhythm, use facts to support their arguments, and choose strong words to effectively make their point. The goal is for the writing to reach readers emotionally and get them to believe something.
The document provides tips for effective debating strategies. It advises to remain calm and on topic, thoroughly research arguments, and use examples and stories appropriately. Debaters should be aware of time limits and present information in a logical, appropriate manner without introducing new points in their closing statement. Working as a team and addressing all opposing arguments is important for a successful debate.
In order to make an effective presentation we have to prepare everything. The lack of preparation will cause the unsuccessful presentation. This PPT will give us knowledge on giving presentation. I hope this file will be useful
The document defines key terms used for different types of writing such as narrative, persuasive, and informative essays. It outlines important elements for each type such as conflict and resolution for narratives, arguments and supporting details for persuasive writing, and main ideas and facts for informative essays. Transitions, word choice, and language appropriate for the audience and purpose are discussed as important across all types of writing.
The document provides guidance on listening comprehension for the TOEFL exam. It discusses the typical structure of lectures and conversations in the listening section, which usually involve an introduction stating the topic and purpose, supporting details and examples, and a conclusion. Distracting elements like digressions and interruptions are common in the listening tasks. Students are advised to take minimal notes focusing on major points due to time constraints. Active listening strategies from reading, like identifying purpose and key details, are also important. Sample lecture segments are analyzed showing the expected introduction of topics, examples, and transitions between ideas.
This document discusses reading skills and the reading process. It covers several key points:
- There are different types of reading including scanning, skimming, intensive reading, and extensive reading that employ different strategies.
- The reading process involves both bottom-up processing of individual words and grammar as well as top-down processing using background knowledge.
- Readers use eye movements to focus on words in short fixations and jumps to read text.
- Successful reading requires knowledge of text structure and genres, language elements, topics, and formal language skills like spelling and grammar.
- Readers deploy different skills depending on the text and their purpose in reading.
The document provides tips for improving reading skills for the TOEFL exam. It discusses 10 tips: 1) memorizing question types, 2) focusing on keywords, 3) practicing with a timer, 4) being aware of modifiers in answers, 5) learning academic vocabulary, 6) understanding word parts, 7) being an active reader, 8) studying the same test multiple times, 9) explaining answers, and 10) practicing with short passages. It emphasizes spending the most time on question types like negative detail and paraphrasing that require rereading passages.
This document provides guidance on analyzing persuasive language use in a text. It discusses identifying the contention, planning a response by outlining the background, contention, reasons, writer, tone, and audience. It also analyzes persuasive techniques including logic, emotion, tone, audience, annotated text examples, and outlines the structure of an analysis including an introduction, body paragraphs, visual analysis, and conclusion.
A persuasive text aims to convince readers by appealing to their emotions and ability to reason. Some common types of persuasive texts include speeches, books, and essays that try to get readers to agree with a point of view. Writers use techniques like facts, repetition, and strong language to persuade. They may repeat phrases to draw attention and create rhythm, use facts to support their arguments, and choose strong words to effectively make their point. The goal is for the writing to reach readers emotionally and get them to believe something.
The document provides tips for effective debating strategies. It advises to remain calm and on topic, thoroughly research arguments, and use examples and stories appropriately. Debaters should be aware of time limits and present information in a logical, appropriate manner without introducing new points in their closing statement. Working as a team and addressing all opposing arguments is important for a successful debate.
In order to make an effective presentation we have to prepare everything. The lack of preparation will cause the unsuccessful presentation. This PPT will give us knowledge on giving presentation. I hope this file will be useful
This document provides an overview of debating skills. It discusses what debating is, the benefits of debating, and basic debating skills. The key points covered are:
- Debating is a structured argument where two sides alternately argue for and against a contention on a topic. It allows opposing views to be discussed without insults.
- Benefits of debating include improving speaking skills and gaining experience developing convincing arguments while considering multiple perspectives.
- Basic debating skills include effective style, pace, tone, volume, clarity, use of notes, understanding other positions, and amicably resolving debates. Strategies like preparing arguments, rebuttals, and conceding small points are also discussed
This document provides an overview of advanced debating techniques. It discusses the components of a basic argument: content, organization, and delivery. For organization, it recommends using the ARE structure of argument, reason, and evidence. For delivery, it recommends considering audibility, engagement, conviction, authority, and likability. It then discusses how to make arguments more persuasive through "chunking" - relating arguments to abstract principles, real-world examples, and analogies. It provides examples and recommends debaters practice these techniques to strengthen their persuasive abilities.
1) The document outlines the scheme of work and activities for a Year 7 English checkpoint focusing on developing language skills through exploring the five senses as a topic.
2) Activities cover reading comprehension, speaking, writing descriptions, and recognizing literary devices. Students will learn about and practice using vocabulary, punctuation, parts of speech, and narrative elements.
3) Students will write poems, stories, and descriptions focusing on using imagery, setting, adjectives, nouns, and punctuation correctly. They will also analyze genres and compare descriptions in different texts.
This document provides an overview of basic debating skills. It explains that a debate involves arguing for or against a topic using strict rules of conduct and sophisticated arguing techniques. A topic defines what will be debated, with an affirmative team arguing for the topic and a negative team arguing against it. Each debating team has three speakers with specified roles, such as defining the topic, presenting arguments, rebutting the opposing team's arguments, and summarizing their team's position. Speakers are evaluated on the substance of their arguments, how well they are organized and presented, and their public speaking mannerisms. The goal is to build a persuasive case using clear logic and examples while following proper debating protocols.
VCE English Exam: Text Response RevisionAmy Gallacher
The document provides guidance on preparing for exams involving reading comprehension and essay writing. It discusses the skills required, such as understanding themes, characters, and how the author constructs meaning. It emphasizes practicing writing essays within time limits and following proper formatting. The document also provides tips for approaching essay topics, such as understanding the question, forming a clear position, and planning essays with an introduction, body, and conclusion. Students are encouraged to practice these skills to feel prepared for exams.
Debating involves a structured argument between two sides on a topic. Each side is given a set time to speak for or against the issue. The goal is to improve speaking skills and experience in developing convincing arguments. Basic debating skills include style, speed, tone, volume, and clarity of expression. A good debate includes introducing the argument, building the case with evidence, and rebutting the opposing side's arguments.
This document provides instructions on how to debate effectively. It discusses what a debate is, why people debate, and basic debating skills. The skills covered include style, speed, tone, volume, clarity, use of notes, eye contact, content, case structure, and rebuttal techniques. The document emphasizes the importance of presenting arguments in a clear, logical, and evidence-based manner while also engaging with the audience. Debates involve structuring an argument, supporting various positions, and systematically addressing opposing views.
The document provides 10 suggestions for improving legal writing. It recommends getting to the point quickly in the first few pages; framing the issue in under 75 words; stating facts succinctly; avoiding overuse of dates; using informative headings; writing in short paragraphs; ensuring proper formatting; carefully proofreading all documents; keeping writing concise by imposing page limits; and editing as carefully as composing. It also discusses avoiding surplus words, compound constructions, redundancy, fancy language, and properly using certain terms.
The document provides guidance on how to analyze persuasive texts, including how to identify the main contention, arguments, and persuasive techniques used by the author. It recommends asking questions about what is being said, how it is said, and why it is persuasive. The response should include an introduction stating the text, author, contention, and tone. Body paragraphs should follow the TEEL structure and discuss how techniques shape the reader's view. Connectives should link paragraphs, and the conclusion should summarize the contention and persuasive strategies.
This document provides an introduction to debating. It defines a debate as a structured argument where two sides alternately speak for and against a proposition. It highlights that debating helps improve speaking skills by providing experience developing convincing arguments from different perspectives. The document outlines basic debating skills like style, speed, tone, volume, and clarity. It also discusses the importance of focusing on the opposing side's position and limiting arguments to three points or less supported by logic and evidence. Finally, it lists nine principles of good debating including keeping discussions professional and focusing on substance over personal attacks.
This document provides information about how debates are structured and tips for effective debating. It discusses the key parts of a debate: constructive speeches from each side laying out their arguments, a cross-examination period, and rebuttals. Successful debaters state a clear resolution up front, research their position thoroughly, address their opponents' arguments, and stay on topic while speaking within the allotted time limits. Planning, practicing, and working as a team are emphasized as important strategies.
The document provides guidance on the art of debating, including the basic elements, procedures, roles, and techniques involved. It discusses setting up a debate with a motion, government and opposition sides, time constraints, and a jury. It offers tips on phrasing the motion, determining the scope of controversy, presenting arguments, refuting opposing arguments, evaluating a debate, and preparing for a debate through brainstorming and role assignment.
This document provides tips for oral exams, including prepared presentations and discussions. It recommends being prepared by researching the topic, structuring the presentation clearly with an introduction, main points, and conclusion. Language should be varied using synonyms and grammar checked. For discussions, anticipate questions and use phrases like "I think" and "in my opinion." The key is to speak clearly, stay calm, ask for clarification if needed, and speak as much as possible to demonstrate oral skills.
This document provides an overview of basic debating skills. It explains that a debate involves arguing a topic from two opposing sides (affirmative and negative) according to strict rules. The affirmative must define the topic and present their team's position, while the negative argues against the topic. Each speaker has a specific role, such as presenting arguments, rebutting the other side's points, and working as part of a coordinated team. Effective debating requires strong substantive arguments, confident delivery, and logical organization of one's points. Speakers are evaluated on the substance of their arguments, their presentation style, and their strategic approach.
This document provides examples of persuasive writing techniques that can be used when writing for exams, including guilt, rhetorical questions, imagery, personal pronouns, emotive language, repetition, stressing a point, the rule of three, provocative language, and statistics. It encourages the use of alliteration, facts, opinions, rhetorical questions, emotive language, statistics, threats, and short sentences to persuade the reader.
The document provides an overview of the British Parliamentary (BP) debating format used in the Oxford Union Schools' Competition. It explains the basic structure and roles of each team in a BP debate. There are four teams - opening proposition, opening opposition, closing proposition, and closing opposition. Each speaker has 5 minutes for their speech and must follow the prescribed role and structure depending on their position. The document outlines the expectations and guidelines for an effective BP debate, including defining the motion, making arguments, rebutting the other side, and offering points of information.
The document provides guidance on how to write and structure an effective speech. It discusses determining the purpose and audience for the speech. It also covers common speech features like repetition, anecdotes, and statistics that can be used. The document recommends watching Emma Watson's HeForShe speech as an example of effective speech delivery through gestures, intonation, expression, and pacing. It concludes by outlining the typical structure of an opening, body, and conclusion for a speech.
This document provides tips for improving English speaking abilities in four common difficulty areas: listening, vocabulary, pronunciation, and confidence. For listening, it recommends practicing listening to English podcasts daily and memorizing phrases to use when not understanding. For vocabulary, it suggests learning words in relation to common situations or topics. For pronunciation, it advises taking a pronunciation course or practicing listening and repeating sentences. Finally, for confidence, it notes the importance of not worrying about small grammar mistakes, having a positive attitude, and practicing in low-pressure situations.
Speaking is the act of communicating orally through vocal sounds and language. It involves more than just pronouncing words and requires skills like being prepared, interacting with audiences, and structuring speeches effectively. There are different types of speaking situations from interactive conversations to non-interactive recordings. Improving speaking abilities involves regular practice, public speaking opportunities, gaining feedback, and focusing on fluency over complex grammar. Speaking skills are important for meetings, presentations, and communicating ideas clearly.
The document discusses various language communication skills, including listening skills, speaking skills, writing skills, and reading skills. It provides details on listening skills, such as the 10 principles of listening and barriers to listening like environmental, linguistic, psychological, content, and personal barriers. It also discusses improving listening skills through practices like concentrating, summarizing, asking clarifying questions, and showing engagement. The document then covers speaking skills, including what to prepare before speaking, principles like being prepared and interacting with the audience, micro-skills, barriers to speaking, and how to improve speaking ability. Finally, it briefly defines writing skills and their importance in communication.
This document provides an overview of debating skills. It discusses what debating is, the benefits of debating, and basic debating skills. The key points covered are:
- Debating is a structured argument where two sides alternately argue for and against a contention on a topic. It allows opposing views to be discussed without insults.
- Benefits of debating include improving speaking skills and gaining experience developing convincing arguments while considering multiple perspectives.
- Basic debating skills include effective style, pace, tone, volume, clarity, use of notes, understanding other positions, and amicably resolving debates. Strategies like preparing arguments, rebuttals, and conceding small points are also discussed
This document provides an overview of advanced debating techniques. It discusses the components of a basic argument: content, organization, and delivery. For organization, it recommends using the ARE structure of argument, reason, and evidence. For delivery, it recommends considering audibility, engagement, conviction, authority, and likability. It then discusses how to make arguments more persuasive through "chunking" - relating arguments to abstract principles, real-world examples, and analogies. It provides examples and recommends debaters practice these techniques to strengthen their persuasive abilities.
1) The document outlines the scheme of work and activities for a Year 7 English checkpoint focusing on developing language skills through exploring the five senses as a topic.
2) Activities cover reading comprehension, speaking, writing descriptions, and recognizing literary devices. Students will learn about and practice using vocabulary, punctuation, parts of speech, and narrative elements.
3) Students will write poems, stories, and descriptions focusing on using imagery, setting, adjectives, nouns, and punctuation correctly. They will also analyze genres and compare descriptions in different texts.
This document provides an overview of basic debating skills. It explains that a debate involves arguing for or against a topic using strict rules of conduct and sophisticated arguing techniques. A topic defines what will be debated, with an affirmative team arguing for the topic and a negative team arguing against it. Each debating team has three speakers with specified roles, such as defining the topic, presenting arguments, rebutting the opposing team's arguments, and summarizing their team's position. Speakers are evaluated on the substance of their arguments, how well they are organized and presented, and their public speaking mannerisms. The goal is to build a persuasive case using clear logic and examples while following proper debating protocols.
VCE English Exam: Text Response RevisionAmy Gallacher
The document provides guidance on preparing for exams involving reading comprehension and essay writing. It discusses the skills required, such as understanding themes, characters, and how the author constructs meaning. It emphasizes practicing writing essays within time limits and following proper formatting. The document also provides tips for approaching essay topics, such as understanding the question, forming a clear position, and planning essays with an introduction, body, and conclusion. Students are encouraged to practice these skills to feel prepared for exams.
Debating involves a structured argument between two sides on a topic. Each side is given a set time to speak for or against the issue. The goal is to improve speaking skills and experience in developing convincing arguments. Basic debating skills include style, speed, tone, volume, and clarity of expression. A good debate includes introducing the argument, building the case with evidence, and rebutting the opposing side's arguments.
This document provides instructions on how to debate effectively. It discusses what a debate is, why people debate, and basic debating skills. The skills covered include style, speed, tone, volume, clarity, use of notes, eye contact, content, case structure, and rebuttal techniques. The document emphasizes the importance of presenting arguments in a clear, logical, and evidence-based manner while also engaging with the audience. Debates involve structuring an argument, supporting various positions, and systematically addressing opposing views.
The document provides 10 suggestions for improving legal writing. It recommends getting to the point quickly in the first few pages; framing the issue in under 75 words; stating facts succinctly; avoiding overuse of dates; using informative headings; writing in short paragraphs; ensuring proper formatting; carefully proofreading all documents; keeping writing concise by imposing page limits; and editing as carefully as composing. It also discusses avoiding surplus words, compound constructions, redundancy, fancy language, and properly using certain terms.
The document provides guidance on how to analyze persuasive texts, including how to identify the main contention, arguments, and persuasive techniques used by the author. It recommends asking questions about what is being said, how it is said, and why it is persuasive. The response should include an introduction stating the text, author, contention, and tone. Body paragraphs should follow the TEEL structure and discuss how techniques shape the reader's view. Connectives should link paragraphs, and the conclusion should summarize the contention and persuasive strategies.
This document provides an introduction to debating. It defines a debate as a structured argument where two sides alternately speak for and against a proposition. It highlights that debating helps improve speaking skills by providing experience developing convincing arguments from different perspectives. The document outlines basic debating skills like style, speed, tone, volume, and clarity. It also discusses the importance of focusing on the opposing side's position and limiting arguments to three points or less supported by logic and evidence. Finally, it lists nine principles of good debating including keeping discussions professional and focusing on substance over personal attacks.
This document provides information about how debates are structured and tips for effective debating. It discusses the key parts of a debate: constructive speeches from each side laying out their arguments, a cross-examination period, and rebuttals. Successful debaters state a clear resolution up front, research their position thoroughly, address their opponents' arguments, and stay on topic while speaking within the allotted time limits. Planning, practicing, and working as a team are emphasized as important strategies.
The document provides guidance on the art of debating, including the basic elements, procedures, roles, and techniques involved. It discusses setting up a debate with a motion, government and opposition sides, time constraints, and a jury. It offers tips on phrasing the motion, determining the scope of controversy, presenting arguments, refuting opposing arguments, evaluating a debate, and preparing for a debate through brainstorming and role assignment.
This document provides tips for oral exams, including prepared presentations and discussions. It recommends being prepared by researching the topic, structuring the presentation clearly with an introduction, main points, and conclusion. Language should be varied using synonyms and grammar checked. For discussions, anticipate questions and use phrases like "I think" and "in my opinion." The key is to speak clearly, stay calm, ask for clarification if needed, and speak as much as possible to demonstrate oral skills.
This document provides an overview of basic debating skills. It explains that a debate involves arguing a topic from two opposing sides (affirmative and negative) according to strict rules. The affirmative must define the topic and present their team's position, while the negative argues against the topic. Each speaker has a specific role, such as presenting arguments, rebutting the other side's points, and working as part of a coordinated team. Effective debating requires strong substantive arguments, confident delivery, and logical organization of one's points. Speakers are evaluated on the substance of their arguments, their presentation style, and their strategic approach.
This document provides examples of persuasive writing techniques that can be used when writing for exams, including guilt, rhetorical questions, imagery, personal pronouns, emotive language, repetition, stressing a point, the rule of three, provocative language, and statistics. It encourages the use of alliteration, facts, opinions, rhetorical questions, emotive language, statistics, threats, and short sentences to persuade the reader.
The document provides an overview of the British Parliamentary (BP) debating format used in the Oxford Union Schools' Competition. It explains the basic structure and roles of each team in a BP debate. There are four teams - opening proposition, opening opposition, closing proposition, and closing opposition. Each speaker has 5 minutes for their speech and must follow the prescribed role and structure depending on their position. The document outlines the expectations and guidelines for an effective BP debate, including defining the motion, making arguments, rebutting the other side, and offering points of information.
The document provides guidance on how to write and structure an effective speech. It discusses determining the purpose and audience for the speech. It also covers common speech features like repetition, anecdotes, and statistics that can be used. The document recommends watching Emma Watson's HeForShe speech as an example of effective speech delivery through gestures, intonation, expression, and pacing. It concludes by outlining the typical structure of an opening, body, and conclusion for a speech.
This document provides tips for improving English speaking abilities in four common difficulty areas: listening, vocabulary, pronunciation, and confidence. For listening, it recommends practicing listening to English podcasts daily and memorizing phrases to use when not understanding. For vocabulary, it suggests learning words in relation to common situations or topics. For pronunciation, it advises taking a pronunciation course or practicing listening and repeating sentences. Finally, for confidence, it notes the importance of not worrying about small grammar mistakes, having a positive attitude, and practicing in low-pressure situations.
Speaking is the act of communicating orally through vocal sounds and language. It involves more than just pronouncing words and requires skills like being prepared, interacting with audiences, and structuring speeches effectively. There are different types of speaking situations from interactive conversations to non-interactive recordings. Improving speaking abilities involves regular practice, public speaking opportunities, gaining feedback, and focusing on fluency over complex grammar. Speaking skills are important for meetings, presentations, and communicating ideas clearly.
The document discusses various language communication skills, including listening skills, speaking skills, writing skills, and reading skills. It provides details on listening skills, such as the 10 principles of listening and barriers to listening like environmental, linguistic, psychological, content, and personal barriers. It also discusses improving listening skills through practices like concentrating, summarizing, asking clarifying questions, and showing engagement. The document then covers speaking skills, including what to prepare before speaking, principles like being prepared and interacting with the audience, micro-skills, barriers to speaking, and how to improve speaking ability. Finally, it briefly defines writing skills and their importance in communication.
The document provides guidance on fulfilling one's role in a debate. It explains that the aim is to persuade the audience to agree with your side through use of reasoning, evidence, organization, listening skills, and effective expression and delivery. It outlines key aspects of each category, such as justifying reasons through multiple types of evidence and addressing opposing views. The document also gives tips for body language, vocal delivery, word choice, and maintaining engagement.
This document appears to be a lesson plan for an English communication class. It includes an agenda with items like prayer, attendance, house rules, and a review. It then covers topics like types of speech acts, movies, interviews, vocabulary words, and communicative strategies. For communicative strategies, it defines and provides examples of 7 types: nomination, restriction, turn-taking, topic control, topic shifting, repair, and termination. It includes activities like role plays applying the strategies and identifying them in examples. The lesson aims to help students distinguish and use polite and meaningful communicative strategies.
The document provides guidelines for effective public speaking. It discusses preparing for the speech by understanding the audience and topic. It emphasizes defining key terms, structuring the speech clearly, and limiting each argument to around three points with facts and examples. For the delivery, it recommends engaging the audience with humor, examples, and visual aids while staying organized, calm, and respectful when handling questions or disturbances. Proper use of body language, dress, and an impactful conclusion are also addressed.
The document provides an overview of basic debating skills. It defines what a debate is, the roles of different speakers, how to structure arguments and rebuttals, and tips for effective delivery. A debate involves presenting structured speeches on opposing sides of an issue to determine the stronger argument. Each speaker has a designated role, such as introducing the topic or rebutting the other side's arguments. Debaters are scored on the substance of their arguments, how they organize their presentation, and their public speaking mannerisms. The goal is a logical, well-structured exchange of ideas, not an undisciplined shouting match.
This document provides tips for preparing and delivering an effective speech. It discusses the importance of having a strong introduction that gets the audience's attention and establishes credibility. The body of the speech should answer questions the audience likely has and prioritize key points. Effective delivery requires practicing multiple times, maintaining eye contact with the audience, and using cue cards strategically. The conclusion should signal that the speech is ending and reinforce the central idea. Humor can engage audiences if used appropriately for the context and audience. Body language also significantly impacts delivery, so speakers should communicate positively and naturally.
The document provides information about different levels in the Council of Europe Framework of Reference for Languages. The candidate's test scores were rated at level B1, which means they can understand general meanings and take part in routine meetings. A good business executive should be at level C1, allowing them to understand complex ideas, argue their case effectively, and write any necessary letters. The document then discusses various methods of communication and how to determine the best medium depending on the message and receiver.
1. The document describes the different parts and types of problems in the Listening section of the TOEFL exam.
2. Part A contains short conversations followed by one question, Part B has longer conversations followed by multiple questions, and Part C involves talks and lectures.
3. The types of problems involve recalling details, identifying idioms, suggestions, assumptions, predictions, implications, topics, and summarizing main ideas from academic conversations, class discussions, and lectures. Test takers must listen for specific facts as well as understand implied meanings.
This document provides tips for effective participation and performance in a class debate. Some key points include:
- Thoroughly research the debate topic from multiple perspectives in advance and anticipate counterarguments. Start preparing early by reading materials like topic guides.
- Confidently defend your own arguments and don't back down when facing criticism from judges or opponents. Answer questions directly while maintaining control of the discussion.
- Speak clearly and slowly, using techniques like examples, statistics and persuasive language to strengthen your position. Have rebuttals prepared in advance but also be able to think on your feet.
- Focus on the substance of your arguments over performance aspects. However, also maintain eye contact, speak passionately and relax
This document provides a guide for improving listening skills through various strategies. It discusses pre-listening strategies like predicting themes, questions, and vocabulary. It emphasizes identifying main ideas through discourse markers, repetition, pace of speech, and visual aids. The guide also covers note-taking strategies like using shorthand, writing key words and phrases quickly, and taking notes in the language that will be used later.
This document provides tips and strategies for participating in a debate. It discusses important debate terminology like affirmative, negative, and argument. It offers dos and don'ts for debating such as staying calm, clearly defining the resolution, thoroughly researching your position, being aware of time constraints, and addressing all rebuttals. The document also discusses different types of debates like congressional debate, Lincoln-Douglas debate, parliamentary debate, and public forum debate.
This document provides information about soft skills and effective communication skills. It discusses that both technical skills and soft skills are important for candidates, but soft skills like communication, leadership, and teamwork are what recruiters often look for. Soft skills are harder to acquire than technical skills. Effective communication involves both verbal and non-verbal communication. Some key aspects of good communication are establishing eye contact, listening, being clear, avoiding jargon, and asking for feedback. The document provides tips for communicating effectively, such as controlling fear, having belief in your message, and restating major points.
The passage discusses effective listening skills. It notes that the human mind can process words faster than most speakers can speak, creating a gap that requires listeners to concentrate. It states that listening involves not just hearing but paying attention, observing, and interpreting. Effective listening is an interactive process that demonstrates interest in what the other person is saying. It can be cultivated by skills like prompting and persuading without interrupting. Barriers like physical hindrances or psychological biases must be removed for listening to be effective.
Ditch your verbal crutch for clearer communicationChelse Benham
The document discusses verbal crutches like fillers, hedges and qualifiers that people use when speaking to hold thoughts or fill pauses but don't add meaning. It provides tips from experts on how to identify and eliminate unnecessary words to communicate more clearly, including recording yourself, pausing instead of filling silence, and getting feedback from others. Young people especially rely on verbal crutches, but can learn to vary their speech depending on the context and audience. Developing strong articulation, inflection, and vocabulary allows people to express themselves powerfully without extra words weakening the message.
Soft skills & effective communication skillsShashank Shekhar
This document discusses soft skills and effective communication skills. It defines soft skills as people skills or personality traits, in contrast to hard or technical skills. Effective communication skills are one of the most important soft skills. The document provides an overview of communication basics like definitions, barriers, and types of communication. It also gives detailed guidance on verbal communication best practices, such as establishing eye contact, active listening, thinking before speaking, using gestures, restating key points, and asking for feedback. The goal is to help people improve their soft skills, especially their communication abilities, which are highly valued by employers.
This document provides an overview of oral communication skills, including speaking in front of groups, the elements of communication, communication barriers, active listening strategies, examining verbal and nonverbal cues, analyzing word choice, evaluating messages, preparing and delivering speeches, interviewing skills, group roles and etiquette, and resolving conflicts. Key aspects covered include the speaker, message, and audience in communication; external, speaker-based, and audience-based barriers; informational, critical, creative, and empathic listening; and planning, writing, and rehearsing speeches.
This document provides an introduction to public speaking. It defines public speaking as the human ability to communicate using formalized language systems, which has allowed some of the most powerful historical figures to convey their messages effectively. The document then outlines eight key qualities of an effective public speaker: confidence, conciseness, ability to read an audience, enthusiasm, self-awareness, authenticity, appropriate attire, and adaptability. Finally, it addresses some common misconceptions about public speaking, such as the ideas that the skill cannot be learned and that speech delivery is more important than content.
Extempore speaking refers to unscripted speeches where the speaker chooses their words spontaneously at the time of speaking. It requires mental preparation in advance through knowledge acquisition and consideration of the audience. Effective extempore speaking flows smoothly while addressing the purpose and impact on listeners, though complete improvisation without any preparation is unrealistic. Tips for extempore speaking include starting at an even pace, maintaining confidence, handling mental blocks gracefully, controlling the speech, and presenting multiple perspectives on controversial topics when possible.
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United Nations World Oceans Day 2024; June 8th " Awaken new dephts".Christina Parmionova
The program will expand our perspectives and appreciation for our blue planet, build new foundations for our relationship to the ocean, and ignite a wave of action toward necessary change.
UN WOD 2024 will take us on a journey of discovery through the ocean's vastness, tapping into the wisdom and expertise of global policy-makers, scientists, managers, thought leaders, and artists to awaken new depths of understanding, compassion, collaboration and commitment for the ocean and all it sustains. The program will expand our perspectives and appreciation for our blue planet, build new foundations for our relationship to the ocean, and ignite a wave of action toward necessary change.
This report explores the significance of border towns and spaces for strengthening responses to young people on the move. In particular it explores the linkages of young people to local service centres with the aim of further developing service, protection, and support strategies for migrant children in border areas across the region. The report is based on a small-scale fieldwork study in the border towns of Chipata and Katete in Zambia conducted in July 2023. Border towns and spaces provide a rich source of information about issues related to the informal or irregular movement of young people across borders, including smuggling and trafficking. They can help build a picture of the nature and scope of the type of movement young migrants undertake and also the forms of protection available to them. Border towns and spaces also provide a lens through which we can better understand the vulnerabilities of young people on the move and, critically, the strategies they use to navigate challenges and access support.
The findings in this report highlight some of the key factors shaping the experiences and vulnerabilities of young people on the move – particularly their proximity to border spaces and how this affects the risks that they face. The report describes strategies that young people on the move employ to remain below the radar of visibility to state and non-state actors due to fear of arrest, detention, and deportation while also trying to keep themselves safe and access support in border towns. These strategies of (in)visibility provide a way to protect themselves yet at the same time also heighten some of the risks young people face as their vulnerabilities are not always recognised by those who could offer support.
In this report we show that the realities and challenges of life and migration in this region and in Zambia need to be better understood for support to be strengthened and tuned to meet the specific needs of young people on the move. This includes understanding the role of state and non-state stakeholders, the impact of laws and policies and, critically, the experiences of the young people themselves. We provide recommendations for immediate action, recommendations for programming to support young people on the move in the two towns that would reduce risk for young people in this area, and recommendations for longer term policy advocacy.
The Antyodaya Saral Haryana Portal is a pioneering initiative by the Government of Haryana aimed at providing citizens with seamless access to a wide range of government services
RFP for Reno's Community Assistance CenterThis Is Reno
Property appraisals completed in May for downtown Reno’s Community Assistance and Triage Centers (CAC) reveal that repairing the buildings to bring them back into service would cost an estimated $10.1 million—nearly four times the amount previously reported by city staff.
Jennifer Schaus and Associates hosts a complimentary webinar series on The FAR in 2024. Join the webinars on Wednesdays and Fridays at noon, eastern.
Recordings are on YouTube and the company website.
https://www.youtube.com/@jenniferschaus/videos
Monitoring Health for the SDGs - Global Health Statistics 2024 - WHOChristina Parmionova
The 2024 World Health Statistics edition reviews more than 50 health-related indicators from the Sustainable Development Goals and WHO’s Thirteenth General Programme of Work. It also highlights the findings from the Global health estimates 2021, notably the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on life expectancy and healthy life expectancy.