Covid-19 seems to be here to stay. While we keep physical distance from each other to ensure the living do not infect other living, it is also important to know that to do so the dead too do not kill the living. This presentation gives an overview of certification of death in the ear of covid-19 and standards for autopsy practice for a Grade 3 biohazard such as the SARS- Cov 2
Due to the latest "Pandemic-Corona", people are worried and unaware of some facts regarding the management of the dead body of Corona infected people.
The death toll has almost reached 20,000 globally.
Being a new disease there is knowledge gap on how to dispose of dead body of a suspect or confirmed case of COVID-19.
Here are the guidelines regarding management of Dead Body in Corona Virus Disease.
Please Share this presentation and educate others to keep them safe and infection free.
To know more about Corona Virus Disease check out following links:-
1)https://www.slideshare.net/ApurvCharles/nutritional-aspects-of-corona-covid-19-230680286
2)https://www.slideshare.net/ApurvCharles/public-health-emergencycorona-precautions-and-safety-230796332
3)https://www.slideshare.net/ApurvCharles/pregnancy-and-corona-virus-disease-covid19
Feedbacks are appreciated.
Thank you.
Guideline on dead body management of covid 19Jonils Macwan
1. The document provides guidelines for handling dead bodies of COVID-19 cases, including standard precautions, removal from isolation, transportation, handling in the mortuary, autopsies, and procedures at crematoriums/burial grounds.
2. Key recommendations include wearing proper PPE, placing bodies in leak-proof body bags, disinfecting surfaces, avoiding non-essential autopsies or embalming, and allowing limited viewing and religious rituals at crematoriums while avoiding large gatherings or direct contact with the body.
3. Health workers handling bodies should be trained in infection control and properly use and dispose of PPE, disinfect equipment, and clean and dis
Ic lecture for general hospital orientation program updatedNashwa Elsayed
This document provides an overview of an infection control orientation program. It discusses the importance of infection control in healthcare settings and the roles and responsibilities of an infection control department. It covers key aspects of an infection control program including standard and transmission-based precautions, healthcare-acquired infections, the chain of infection, multi-drug resistant organisms, isolation techniques, and management of exposures. It also addresses specific policies around hand hygiene, personal protective equipment, laboratory specimens, cleaning, waste disposal, and management of needlestick injuries.
The document provides guidance on infection prevention and control (IPC) strategies for COVID-19 recommended by the WHO. It outlines standard IPC precautions that should be applied to all patients, including hand hygiene, respiratory etiquette, and appropriate use of personal protective equipment (PPE) based on risk assessment. The WHO recommends IPC strategies for health care settings to prevent or limit COVID-19 transmission, including applying standard precautions, early recognition and source control, implementing additional precautions for suspected cases, and administrative controls.
PROTECTING YOURSELF from COVID -19. SAFETY and HEALTH AWARENESS for Health/Cl...SKGaana
The training tool was created upon the current Different guidelines and work safety and health science worker training programs with different institutional safety guidelines (SOPs/protocols) , to create this orientation briefing for those who may be exposed to COVID -19 (Corona virus disease 2019)
Universal precautions are defined as simple infection prevention control measures that reduces the risk of transmission of blood borne pathogens through exposure to blood and body fluids among patients and health care workers
This document provides interim guidance for the safe management of dead bodies infected with COVID-19. It outlines key considerations like COVID-19 being transmitted through droplets and close contact, with dead bodies generally not being infectious. It recommends standard precautions like hand hygiene and appropriate PPE be used by anyone interacting with the body. Specific guidance is given for preparing and packing the body, funeral home/mortuary care, autopsies, environmental cleaning, and burial procedures. The dignity of the deceased and cultural/religious traditions should be respected throughout the process.
Due to the latest "Pandemic-Corona", people are worried and unaware of some facts regarding the management of the dead body of Corona infected people.
The death toll has almost reached 20,000 globally.
Being a new disease there is knowledge gap on how to dispose of dead body of a suspect or confirmed case of COVID-19.
Here are the guidelines regarding management of Dead Body in Corona Virus Disease.
Please Share this presentation and educate others to keep them safe and infection free.
To know more about Corona Virus Disease check out following links:-
1)https://www.slideshare.net/ApurvCharles/nutritional-aspects-of-corona-covid-19-230680286
2)https://www.slideshare.net/ApurvCharles/public-health-emergencycorona-precautions-and-safety-230796332
3)https://www.slideshare.net/ApurvCharles/pregnancy-and-corona-virus-disease-covid19
Feedbacks are appreciated.
Thank you.
Guideline on dead body management of covid 19Jonils Macwan
1. The document provides guidelines for handling dead bodies of COVID-19 cases, including standard precautions, removal from isolation, transportation, handling in the mortuary, autopsies, and procedures at crematoriums/burial grounds.
2. Key recommendations include wearing proper PPE, placing bodies in leak-proof body bags, disinfecting surfaces, avoiding non-essential autopsies or embalming, and allowing limited viewing and religious rituals at crematoriums while avoiding large gatherings or direct contact with the body.
3. Health workers handling bodies should be trained in infection control and properly use and dispose of PPE, disinfect equipment, and clean and dis
Ic lecture for general hospital orientation program updatedNashwa Elsayed
This document provides an overview of an infection control orientation program. It discusses the importance of infection control in healthcare settings and the roles and responsibilities of an infection control department. It covers key aspects of an infection control program including standard and transmission-based precautions, healthcare-acquired infections, the chain of infection, multi-drug resistant organisms, isolation techniques, and management of exposures. It also addresses specific policies around hand hygiene, personal protective equipment, laboratory specimens, cleaning, waste disposal, and management of needlestick injuries.
The document provides guidance on infection prevention and control (IPC) strategies for COVID-19 recommended by the WHO. It outlines standard IPC precautions that should be applied to all patients, including hand hygiene, respiratory etiquette, and appropriate use of personal protective equipment (PPE) based on risk assessment. The WHO recommends IPC strategies for health care settings to prevent or limit COVID-19 transmission, including applying standard precautions, early recognition and source control, implementing additional precautions for suspected cases, and administrative controls.
PROTECTING YOURSELF from COVID -19. SAFETY and HEALTH AWARENESS for Health/Cl...SKGaana
The training tool was created upon the current Different guidelines and work safety and health science worker training programs with different institutional safety guidelines (SOPs/protocols) , to create this orientation briefing for those who may be exposed to COVID -19 (Corona virus disease 2019)
Universal precautions are defined as simple infection prevention control measures that reduces the risk of transmission of blood borne pathogens through exposure to blood and body fluids among patients and health care workers
This document provides interim guidance for the safe management of dead bodies infected with COVID-19. It outlines key considerations like COVID-19 being transmitted through droplets and close contact, with dead bodies generally not being infectious. It recommends standard precautions like hand hygiene and appropriate PPE be used by anyone interacting with the body. Specific guidance is given for preparing and packing the body, funeral home/mortuary care, autopsies, environmental cleaning, and burial procedures. The dignity of the deceased and cultural/religious traditions should be respected throughout the process.
This document provides guidelines for infection control in the funeral industry. It discusses various communicable diseases that funeral workers may encounter, including hepatitis B and C, HIV/AIDS, Ebola, and SARS. It emphasizes the importance of treating all human remains as potentially infectious and outlines proper procedures for transporting and preparing bodies. These include placing remains in durable, airtight containers; disinfecting surfaces; and following immunization and personal protective equipment guidelines. The document also covers waste disposal, cleaning/disinfection, and maintaining confidentiality as required by law.
Prevention of infection in dental clinic in COVID-19Prachi Jha
PREVENTION OF INFECTION IN DENTAL CLINIC DURING COVID 19 PANDEMIC IN ACCORDANCE WITH GUIDELINES ISSUED BY MOHFW, CDC, IDA, DCI AND IT'S APPLICATION WITH AN ENDODNOTISTS'S POINT OF VIEW
This document discusses infection control and prevention in a hospital setting. It begins by defining infection and listing some common infectious agents. It then discusses the importance of infection control in hospitals, noting that hospital-acquired infections are a leading cause of preventable death. The document outlines the chain of infection and various ways to break the chain, including appropriate handling of infectious materials and waste, sterilization and disinfection, isolation protocols, and other infection prevention strategies. It provides details on standard precautions like hand hygiene, personal protective equipment, and maintaining a sterile field during procedures. The role of nurses in infection control is also highlighted.
This document provides an overview of standard precautions and infection control procedures for a hospital induction training. It discusses standard precautions including hand hygiene, personal protective equipment, environmental cleaning, and respiratory etiquette. It also covers biomedical waste management, safe injection practices including needlestick injury management, and spill management procedures. The goal is to educate new hospital staff on universal safety protocols to prevent the transmission of infectious diseases.
Standard precautions are meant to reduce the risk of transmission of blood borne and other pathogens from both recognized and unrecognized sources.
They are the basic level of infection control precautions which are to be used, as a minimum, in the care of all patients.
Standard safety precautions are the basic infection prevention and control measures necessary to reduce the risk of transmission of infectious agent from both unrecognized and unrecognized sources of infection.
The elements of Standard Precautions include:
Hand hygiene.
Use of gloves and other barriers (e.g., mask, eye protection, face shield, gown).
Handling of patient care equipment and linen.
Environmental control.
Prevention of injury from sharps devices, and patient placement.
Respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette
This document discusses infection control in dentistry. It covers personal protection like gloves, masks and protective eyewear. It also discusses sterilization, disinfection and aseptic techniques. Universal precautions should be followed, treating all body fluids as potentially infectious. OSHA guidelines require hepatitis B vaccination, engineering controls to reduce aerosols, and safe handling of sharps. Proper sterilization of instruments is important to prevent transmission of diseases between patients and dental staff.
Rationale
Chain of infection
Routes of disease transmission
CDC and OSHA
Spauldings classification
Sterilization protocol
Methods of sterilization-physical and chemical agents
New methods of sterilization
Sterilization of scaler handpeice and inserts
Infection control
Infectious diseases commonly encounterd in dentistry
Medical history and dental safety
Immunization of personnel involved in dental care
Infection control practices
Hand hygiene
Personal protective equipments
Surface barriers
Waste management in dental practice
Cdc guidelines-special considerations
This document discusses various isolation precautions used to prevent the spread of infectious diseases in healthcare settings. It describes the goals of isolation as protecting healthcare workers, other patients, visitors, and the environment from pathogens. The key components of isolation precautions are outlined, including standard precautions used for all patient care, and transmission-based precautions for airborne, droplet, and contact infections. Hand hygiene, personal protective equipment, patient placement, transport, cleaning, and other infection control measures are discussed for different isolation scenarios. Reversed isolation used to protect immunocompromised patients from environmental pathogens is also covered.
Definition of Isolation, Need of isolation, Types of Isolation, Mode Of Transmission Of Disease, Modes of Isolation, Types of precautions, Universal / standard precautions, Transmission based precautions, Advantages of Isolation, Disadvantages of Isolation, Isolation Ward in Hospital, Isolation Room in Hospital, Disease Wise Periods of Isolation Recommended etc.
This document discusses various myths and misconceptions around infection control practices in the operating room. It addresses topics such as appropriate OR attire and laundering, the use of masks, cleaning practices, handling of antibiotic-resistant organisms, surgical hand scrubs using alcohol vs. chlorhexidine, instrument cleaning and sterilization, and challenges with cleaning complex instruments. The document provides perspectives and recommendations from organizations like AORN, CDC and WHO on these issues.
Transmission based precaution techniquesReynel Dan
This document outlines transmission-based precaution techniques, including airborne, droplet, and contact precautions. Airborne precautions are for diseases transmitted through small particles that remain suspended in the air, like measles or tuberculosis, and involve respiratory protection, negative pressure rooms, and appropriate ventilation. Droplet precautions are for diseases transmitted through large respiratory droplets, like influenza, and involve masks within 3 feet and private rooms. Contact precautions are for diseases transmitted through direct or indirect contact and involve private rooms, dedicated or disposable equipment, gloves, and hand hygiene.
INFECTION CONTROL NURSING - Agents of Nosocomial Infection - Modes of Transmi...Enoch Snowden
Infection control Nursing - Agents of Nosocomial Infection - Modes of Transmission - Infection Control Principles -GENERAL MEASURES TO REDUCE INFECTIONS - INFECTION CONTROL GUIDELINES/ POLICIES
This document discusses infection control procedures in dental offices. It covers topics like sterilization, disinfection, asepsis, antisepsis, and the consequences of lack of sterilization. Various sterilization methods are described like dry heat, moist heat using autoclaves, filtration, radiation, and chemicals. It also discusses the classification of instruments as critical, semi-critical, and non-critical and appropriate sterilization protocols for each.
This document discusses infection control in dentistry. It covers various types of contamination like airborne, direct, and indirect contamination. Maintaining proper infection control is important to prevent transmission of diseases between patients and dental staff. Universal precautions like personal protective equipment, aseptic techniques, and sterilization of instruments are described. Sterilization can be achieved through steam, dry heat, or chemicals and is important for critical and semi-critical instruments. Maintaining proper sterilization and disinfection procedures helps ensure a safe dental practice.
This document discusses infection control in dentistry. It defines key terms like sterilization, disinfection, asepsis, and provides the objectives and importance of infection control. The modes of disease transmission are described. Infection control involves proper sterilization and disinfection of instruments, protective barriers, immunization, and waste disposal. Proper hand hygiene and use of PPE is essential. Infection control guidelines help protect dental staff and patients from exposure to pathogens.
Private dental practice after covid 19 pandemic outbreakALEX KUMAR
The document provides guidelines for private dental practices after the COVID-19 pandemic, including screening patients, using personal protective equipment like masks and gloves, maintaining infection control practices through measures like social distancing and disinfecting surfaces, and categorizing treatment based on patients' COVID-19 status. It also outlines recommendations for procedures, clinic maintenance, and managing costs associated with increased safety precautions. The guidelines are meant to help dental practices safely resume operations while preventing the spread of coronavirus.
This document provides information on infection control techniques for healthcare workers. It defines key terms like infection, communicable disease, and modes of transmission. It explains that universal precautions should be followed to prevent the spread of disease from contact with blood and body fluids. Proper hand hygiene, including washing hands and using hand sanitizer, is the most effective way to prevent transmission. Other important techniques include wearing gloves when contact with body fluids is anticipated, properly disposing of contaminated materials, and cleaning up spills by wiping from outside to inside. The document also demonstrates proper techniques for putting on and removing gloves.
The document provides information on SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, including its origins and symptoms. It discusses NSW Health's response to an outbreak of the virus in Australia, including procedures for identifying and managing cases, infection control strategies, and guidance for healthcare workers. The document also contains technical details about the virus and disease.
Emphasis on wellness, education and prevention of covid 19shamil C.B
The document discusses COVID-19 and provides information on the virus, its transmission, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and prevention. It describes coronaviruses and defines COVID-19. It covers the incidence and spread of COVID-19 globally. Key points include how the virus is transmitted, its incubation period, high-risk groups, common and severe symptoms, diagnostic tests and medical management. The presentation emphasizes the importance of prevention measures like hand washing, social distancing and mask wearing.
Rekha Dehariya (M.Sc nursing 1st year) Bhopal Nursing College, Bhopal
Covid -19 has effected broud number of people all over the world. the health education is necessary to aware people about it.
Management of orthopaedic patients during covid‑19 pandemicpunithpc605
Coronaviruses can cause diseases ranging from the common cold to more severe respiratory illnesses like SARS and MERS. The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 emerged in China in late 2019 and has caused a global pandemic. India faces challenges in managing orthopaedic patients during the pandemic due to its large population and limited healthcare resources. Hospitals risk becoming sites of virus transmission. Guidelines are outlined for safely assessing and treating orthopaedic patients, including maintaining isolation and protective equipment for staff, and prioritizing urgent/emergency cases while delaying elective procedures to conserve resources and protect patients and healthcare workers during this difficult time.
This document provides guidelines for infection control in the funeral industry. It discusses various communicable diseases that funeral workers may encounter, including hepatitis B and C, HIV/AIDS, Ebola, and SARS. It emphasizes the importance of treating all human remains as potentially infectious and outlines proper procedures for transporting and preparing bodies. These include placing remains in durable, airtight containers; disinfecting surfaces; and following immunization and personal protective equipment guidelines. The document also covers waste disposal, cleaning/disinfection, and maintaining confidentiality as required by law.
Prevention of infection in dental clinic in COVID-19Prachi Jha
PREVENTION OF INFECTION IN DENTAL CLINIC DURING COVID 19 PANDEMIC IN ACCORDANCE WITH GUIDELINES ISSUED BY MOHFW, CDC, IDA, DCI AND IT'S APPLICATION WITH AN ENDODNOTISTS'S POINT OF VIEW
This document discusses infection control and prevention in a hospital setting. It begins by defining infection and listing some common infectious agents. It then discusses the importance of infection control in hospitals, noting that hospital-acquired infections are a leading cause of preventable death. The document outlines the chain of infection and various ways to break the chain, including appropriate handling of infectious materials and waste, sterilization and disinfection, isolation protocols, and other infection prevention strategies. It provides details on standard precautions like hand hygiene, personal protective equipment, and maintaining a sterile field during procedures. The role of nurses in infection control is also highlighted.
This document provides an overview of standard precautions and infection control procedures for a hospital induction training. It discusses standard precautions including hand hygiene, personal protective equipment, environmental cleaning, and respiratory etiquette. It also covers biomedical waste management, safe injection practices including needlestick injury management, and spill management procedures. The goal is to educate new hospital staff on universal safety protocols to prevent the transmission of infectious diseases.
Standard precautions are meant to reduce the risk of transmission of blood borne and other pathogens from both recognized and unrecognized sources.
They are the basic level of infection control precautions which are to be used, as a minimum, in the care of all patients.
Standard safety precautions are the basic infection prevention and control measures necessary to reduce the risk of transmission of infectious agent from both unrecognized and unrecognized sources of infection.
The elements of Standard Precautions include:
Hand hygiene.
Use of gloves and other barriers (e.g., mask, eye protection, face shield, gown).
Handling of patient care equipment and linen.
Environmental control.
Prevention of injury from sharps devices, and patient placement.
Respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette
This document discusses infection control in dentistry. It covers personal protection like gloves, masks and protective eyewear. It also discusses sterilization, disinfection and aseptic techniques. Universal precautions should be followed, treating all body fluids as potentially infectious. OSHA guidelines require hepatitis B vaccination, engineering controls to reduce aerosols, and safe handling of sharps. Proper sterilization of instruments is important to prevent transmission of diseases between patients and dental staff.
Rationale
Chain of infection
Routes of disease transmission
CDC and OSHA
Spauldings classification
Sterilization protocol
Methods of sterilization-physical and chemical agents
New methods of sterilization
Sterilization of scaler handpeice and inserts
Infection control
Infectious diseases commonly encounterd in dentistry
Medical history and dental safety
Immunization of personnel involved in dental care
Infection control practices
Hand hygiene
Personal protective equipments
Surface barriers
Waste management in dental practice
Cdc guidelines-special considerations
This document discusses various isolation precautions used to prevent the spread of infectious diseases in healthcare settings. It describes the goals of isolation as protecting healthcare workers, other patients, visitors, and the environment from pathogens. The key components of isolation precautions are outlined, including standard precautions used for all patient care, and transmission-based precautions for airborne, droplet, and contact infections. Hand hygiene, personal protective equipment, patient placement, transport, cleaning, and other infection control measures are discussed for different isolation scenarios. Reversed isolation used to protect immunocompromised patients from environmental pathogens is also covered.
Definition of Isolation, Need of isolation, Types of Isolation, Mode Of Transmission Of Disease, Modes of Isolation, Types of precautions, Universal / standard precautions, Transmission based precautions, Advantages of Isolation, Disadvantages of Isolation, Isolation Ward in Hospital, Isolation Room in Hospital, Disease Wise Periods of Isolation Recommended etc.
This document discusses various myths and misconceptions around infection control practices in the operating room. It addresses topics such as appropriate OR attire and laundering, the use of masks, cleaning practices, handling of antibiotic-resistant organisms, surgical hand scrubs using alcohol vs. chlorhexidine, instrument cleaning and sterilization, and challenges with cleaning complex instruments. The document provides perspectives and recommendations from organizations like AORN, CDC and WHO on these issues.
Transmission based precaution techniquesReynel Dan
This document outlines transmission-based precaution techniques, including airborne, droplet, and contact precautions. Airborne precautions are for diseases transmitted through small particles that remain suspended in the air, like measles or tuberculosis, and involve respiratory protection, negative pressure rooms, and appropriate ventilation. Droplet precautions are for diseases transmitted through large respiratory droplets, like influenza, and involve masks within 3 feet and private rooms. Contact precautions are for diseases transmitted through direct or indirect contact and involve private rooms, dedicated or disposable equipment, gloves, and hand hygiene.
INFECTION CONTROL NURSING - Agents of Nosocomial Infection - Modes of Transmi...Enoch Snowden
Infection control Nursing - Agents of Nosocomial Infection - Modes of Transmission - Infection Control Principles -GENERAL MEASURES TO REDUCE INFECTIONS - INFECTION CONTROL GUIDELINES/ POLICIES
This document discusses infection control procedures in dental offices. It covers topics like sterilization, disinfection, asepsis, antisepsis, and the consequences of lack of sterilization. Various sterilization methods are described like dry heat, moist heat using autoclaves, filtration, radiation, and chemicals. It also discusses the classification of instruments as critical, semi-critical, and non-critical and appropriate sterilization protocols for each.
This document discusses infection control in dentistry. It covers various types of contamination like airborne, direct, and indirect contamination. Maintaining proper infection control is important to prevent transmission of diseases between patients and dental staff. Universal precautions like personal protective equipment, aseptic techniques, and sterilization of instruments are described. Sterilization can be achieved through steam, dry heat, or chemicals and is important for critical and semi-critical instruments. Maintaining proper sterilization and disinfection procedures helps ensure a safe dental practice.
This document discusses infection control in dentistry. It defines key terms like sterilization, disinfection, asepsis, and provides the objectives and importance of infection control. The modes of disease transmission are described. Infection control involves proper sterilization and disinfection of instruments, protective barriers, immunization, and waste disposal. Proper hand hygiene and use of PPE is essential. Infection control guidelines help protect dental staff and patients from exposure to pathogens.
Private dental practice after covid 19 pandemic outbreakALEX KUMAR
The document provides guidelines for private dental practices after the COVID-19 pandemic, including screening patients, using personal protective equipment like masks and gloves, maintaining infection control practices through measures like social distancing and disinfecting surfaces, and categorizing treatment based on patients' COVID-19 status. It also outlines recommendations for procedures, clinic maintenance, and managing costs associated with increased safety precautions. The guidelines are meant to help dental practices safely resume operations while preventing the spread of coronavirus.
This document provides information on infection control techniques for healthcare workers. It defines key terms like infection, communicable disease, and modes of transmission. It explains that universal precautions should be followed to prevent the spread of disease from contact with blood and body fluids. Proper hand hygiene, including washing hands and using hand sanitizer, is the most effective way to prevent transmission. Other important techniques include wearing gloves when contact with body fluids is anticipated, properly disposing of contaminated materials, and cleaning up spills by wiping from outside to inside. The document also demonstrates proper techniques for putting on and removing gloves.
The document provides information on SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, including its origins and symptoms. It discusses NSW Health's response to an outbreak of the virus in Australia, including procedures for identifying and managing cases, infection control strategies, and guidance for healthcare workers. The document also contains technical details about the virus and disease.
Emphasis on wellness, education and prevention of covid 19shamil C.B
The document discusses COVID-19 and provides information on the virus, its transmission, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and prevention. It describes coronaviruses and defines COVID-19. It covers the incidence and spread of COVID-19 globally. Key points include how the virus is transmitted, its incubation period, high-risk groups, common and severe symptoms, diagnostic tests and medical management. The presentation emphasizes the importance of prevention measures like hand washing, social distancing and mask wearing.
Rekha Dehariya (M.Sc nursing 1st year) Bhopal Nursing College, Bhopal
Covid -19 has effected broud number of people all over the world. the health education is necessary to aware people about it.
Management of orthopaedic patients during covid‑19 pandemicpunithpc605
Coronaviruses can cause diseases ranging from the common cold to more severe respiratory illnesses like SARS and MERS. The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 emerged in China in late 2019 and has caused a global pandemic. India faces challenges in managing orthopaedic patients during the pandemic due to its large population and limited healthcare resources. Hospitals risk becoming sites of virus transmission. Guidelines are outlined for safely assessing and treating orthopaedic patients, including maintaining isolation and protective equipment for staff, and prioritizing urgent/emergency cases while delaying elective procedures to conserve resources and protect patients and healthcare workers during this difficult time.
This document provides information for nursing professionals on COVID-19 in post-acute care facilities. It discusses the origin and spread of the virus, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment. It emphasizes the importance of infection control through proper hand hygiene, use of personal protective equipment, monitoring residents, adjusting visitor policies, and encouraging employee responsibility. Key recommendations include limiting how many germs enter the facility, isolating symptomatic residents, and protecting healthcare workers through appropriate use of PPE.
This document summarizes information about COVID-19 for nursing professionals working in post-acute care facilities. It discusses the origin and spread of the virus, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment. It emphasizes the importance of strict infection control practices, including excellent hand hygiene, monitoring residents for symptoms, and providing appropriate personal protective equipment for healthcare workers. Healthcare workers are urged to take action to reduce transmission rates and prevent overwhelming local healthcare systems.
This document provides information for nursing professionals on COVID-19 in post-acute care facilities. It discusses the origin and spread of the virus, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment. It emphasizes the importance of infection control through hygiene, monitoring residents, appropriate use of PPE, encouraging employee responsibility and adjusting visitor policies. Key recommendations include limiting how germs enter the facility, isolating symptomatic residents, and protecting staff through proper PPE use.
The document summarizes COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2. It describes the origin in Wuhan, China in late 2019. Transmission occurs through respiratory droplets from coughing or sneezing. Symptoms range from mild to severe respiratory illness and death. Diagnosis is via PCR testing of nasal swabs. The virus utilizes the ACE2 receptor for cell entry and may cause a cytokine storm. Management involves social distancing, hand washing, testing/isolation of cases and supportive care, as no vaccine yet exists. Experimental treatments under investigation target the virus itself or hyper-inflammation.
Orthodontic management of patients during covid 19Shrutika Chand
A brief knowledge of how to deal with patients during COVID-19. Safety measures and about the cases which falls under the category of "Dental emergencies"
The document provides a summary of COVID-19 including its definition, epidemiology, aetiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment and prevention. Some key points:
- COVID-19 is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus and presents with respiratory symptoms ranging from mild to severe.
- It spread rapidly from Wuhan, China in December 2019. Risk factors include travel to affected areas and close contact with infected individuals.
- SARS-CoV-2 binds to ACE2 receptors in humans, similarly to SARS. It has a reproductive number of approximately 2.2.
- Diagnosis involves screening for exposure risk factors and testing respiratory samples for SARS-CoV-2
This presentation discusses COVID-19. It covers etiology, epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnosis, clinical management and treatment of COVID-19. It also discusses the effects of COVID-19 on pregnancy,how it manifests and how it is diagnosed and how it is managed. Hope this will help you.
The document discusses coronavirus disease (COVID-19) including its definition, transmission, clinical presentation, course, and diagnostic testing recommendations. It defines healthcare personnel and notes COVID-19 is a new coronavirus strain discovered in 2019 that is zoonotic, mainly spread through respiratory droplets. Symptoms can range from mild to severe and include fever, cough and shortness of breath. Older patients and those with chronic conditions are at higher risk. Diagnostic testing is recommended for suspected cases using molecular tests on respiratory specimens.
This document provides information on the management of CoViD 19. It discusses the virology of SARS-CoV-2, symptoms of CoViD 19, transmission routes, diagnosis methods including RT-PCR testing and CT scans, treatment approaches based on illness severity from mild to severe pneumonia and ARDS, and those at high risk of severe illness such as older patients and those with underlying medical conditions. Pathology findings include diffuse alveolar damage and lymphocytic infiltrates in severe cases.
This document from the CDC provides an overview of COVID-19 and infection prevention guidelines for non-US healthcare settings. It describes how COVID-19 emerged in Wuhan, China in late 2019 and is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The primary mode of transmission is through respiratory droplets. Most cases are mild, but some can be severe or fatal, especially in older individuals or those with underlying conditions. Prevention focuses on hand hygiene, physical distancing, and isolation of suspected cases. For healthcare settings, it recommends rapid identification and isolation of suspected COVID-19 patients, adherence to standard and transmission-based precautions like masks and gowns, and safe practices for aerosol-generating procedures.
Webinar Series on COVID-19: Jointly organized by Malaysian Society of Infection Control and Infectious Diseases (MyICID) & Institute for Clinical Research, NIH
Speaker: Prof Dr Sasheela A/p Sri La Sri Ponnampalavanar, Consultant Infectious Disease Physician at the University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC) Malaysia.
More info about the speaker and this webinar available here:
https://clinupcovid.mailerpage.com/resources/u6i5w2-infection-prevention-and-control
Anesthesiologist’s Prospective on Self-protection, Therapy, and Managements i...asclepiuspdfs
During the beginnings of 2020, a virus has spread from China and caused a huge surge in severe acute respiratory cases globally. Due to the high contagiousness and anomalous course of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, caused by coronavirus disease, abbreviated as COVID-19, the World Health Organization (W.H.O) announced it as a pandemic and strict measurements were implemented to try and protect the vulnerable populations and those fighting on the frontline of this wave.[1] Scientific personnel all over the world began reviewing hundreds of articles published by scientific authors about the preexisting coronaviruses to assess the strain and pathogenesis of COVID-19 and explore possible effective therapies. At the beginning of the pandemic, the goal was clear: Support the immune system by using preexisting drugs such as antibiotics and antivirals to prevent superinfections and alleviate possible foreseen complications, in addition to the use of prophylactic vaccines in high-risk groups. Another therapy option was the use of convalescent sera, which is a passive antibody therapy used as prophylaxis.[2] In this review, we conclude the importance of adhering to the precautionary guidelines set by the W.H.O recommended for health care workers and the general population, as the most important factor for protection against further transmission of the virus. The extra respiratory manifestations of the virus will also be highlighted along with the therapy modalities that are already being used and the upcoming vaccines that will counteract the virus.
- A novel coronavirus was identified in Wuhan, China in late 2019 and caused a pneumonia outbreak. It has since spread globally resulting in the COVID-19 pandemic.
- SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, is transmitted primarily through respiratory droplets. It has an incubation period of up to 14 days. Clinical features range from mild to severe/critical illness.
- Diagnosis is made through RT-PCR testing of respiratory samples. Chest CT may show signs of viral pneumonia. Management involves isolation and supportive care, with investigational antiviral treatments being explored.
The document provides guidelines for COVID-19 surveillance and response in Punjab, Pakistan. It outlines case definitions, epidemiology of COVID-19, alert thresholds, and surveillance protocols. It describes laboratory diagnosis, contact tracing, and the roles and responsibilities of the Provincial Disease Surveillance and Response Unit. Guidelines are provided for clinical management, laboratory sample collection and transport, and infection prevention and control.
UPDATED 2019 novel coronavirus wuhan, china 2 feb 2020Dr Ahmed Sayeed
This document summarizes a research study on the clinical characteristics of the first 41 hospitalized patients with confirmed 2019-nCoV infection in Wuhan, China. Key findings include:
- Common symptoms were fever, cough, and dyspnea. Bilateral lung opacities were seen on CT scans.
- Complications included ARDS (29%), RNAaemia (15%), and secondary infections (10%).
- Treatment was supportive care including antibiotics, antivirals, corticosteroids, and oxygen therapy. By late January 2020, 15% of patients had died while 68% were discharged.
- 2019-nCoV caused severe illness similar to SARS and MERS coronaviruses. Strict isolation prec
Similar to Death certification and minimum standards for performing autopsies (20)
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
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Osteoporosis is an increasing cause of morbidity among the elderly.
In this document , a brief outline of osteoporosis is given , including the risk factors of osteoporosis fractures , the indications for testing bone mineral density and the management of osteoporosis
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Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
2. OUTLINE
Introduction
Background
Definition of death due to Covid-19
Guidelines for certification
Guidelines for autopsy in Covid-19 deaths
Safety guidelines for performing such autopsies
Conclusion
References
3. INTRODUCTION
In December 2019 a novel Coronavirus (SARS-
CoV-2) was identified as the causative agent of a
severe acute respiratory illness (COVID-19) in
Wuhan, China. The virus spread to different
countries and WHO declared a pandemic on March
11, 2020.
There are still some uncertainties in the natural
history of the COVID-19, including source(s),
transmissibility mechanisms, viral shedding, and
persistency of the virus in the environment.
4. INTRO CONT’D
Human-to-human transmission has been
documented, with incubation period from 2 to 14
days.
Transmission of infectious diseases associated with
management of dead body can occur and can be
enhanced by non-compliance to standard and
transmission-based precautions, especially in
healthcare settings.
5. BACKGROUND
In the majority of clinical deaths from Covid-19,
respiratory failure is the proximate cause of death.
However, autopsy findings in a recent study
showed that, in the presence of other comorbidities,
patients may die with the disease rather than from
it.
6. BACKGROUND CONT’D
This presents a dilemma of sorts when it comes to
deciding what the cause of death on the death
certificate should be.
Transmission of infectious diseases associated with
management of dead body can occur and can be
enhanced by non-compliance to standard and
transmission-based precautions, especially in
healthcare settings.
7. BACKGROUND CONT’D
Aerosol generating procedures (AGPs) have a role
in the spread of the disease, as well as
contaminated hands of healthcare providers,
surfaces and fomites.
SARS-Cov-2 is one of the organisms in the Hazard
Group 3, and for such autopsies, it is required that
certain minimum criteria be fulfilled.
8. DEFINITION
A death due to COVID-19 is defined for surveillance
purposes as a death resulting from a clinically
compatible illness, in a probable or confirmed
COVID-19 case, unless there is a clear alternative
cause of death that cannot be related to COVID
disease (e.g. trauma). There should be no period of
complete recovery from COVID-19 between illness
and death.
9. DEFINITION CONT’D
A death due to COVID-19 may not be attributed to
another disease (e.g. cancer) and should be
counted independently of preexisting conditions
that are suspected of triggering a severe course of
COVID-19.
10. GUIDELINES FOR CERTIFICATION
In view of COVID-19 it is important to record and
report deaths due to COVID-19 in a uniform way.
Recording COVID-19 on the MCCD
Terminology
Chain of events
Comorbidities
11. Recording COVID-19 on the MCCD
COVID-19 should be recorded on the medical
certificate of cause of death for ALL decedents
where the disease caused, or is assumed to have
caused, or contributed to death.
12. Terminology
The use of official terminology, COVID-19, should
be used for all certification of this cause of death.
As there are many types of coronaviruses, it is
recommended not to use “coronavirus” in place of
COVID-19.
13. CHAIN OF EVENTS
Specification of the causal sequence leading to
death in Part 1 of the certificate is important.
For example, in cases when COVID-19 causes
pneumonia and fatal respiratory distress, both
pneumonia and respiratory distress should be
included, along with COVID-19, in Part 1.
Certifiers should include as much detail as possible
based on their knowledge of the case, as from
medical records, or about laboratory testing.
15. COMORBIDITIES
There is increasing evidence that people with
existing chronic conditions or compromised immune
systems due to disability are at higher risk of death
due to COVID-19.
Chronic conditions may be non-communicable
diseases such as coronary artery disease, chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and
diabetes or disabilities.
16. COMORBIDITIES
If the decedent had existing chronic conditions,
such as these, they should be reported in Part 2 of
the medical certificate of cause of death.
18. GUIDELINES FOR AUTOPSY IN
COVID-19 DEATHS
In general, if a death is believed to be due to
confirmed COVID-19 infection there is unlikely to be
any need for an autopsy.
On the other hand, if a death is suspected to have
been due to Covid-19 but the infection was not
confirmed at the time of death, assessment will be
based on the same set of criteria used in assessing
risk in the living, viz:
19. GUIDELINES CONT’D
Inpatient definition
requiring admission to hospital
and
have either clinical or radiological evidence of
pneumonia
or
acute respiratory distress syndrome
or
influenza like illness (fever ≥37.8°C and at least one of
the following respiratory symptoms, which must be of
acute onset: persistent cough (with or without sputum),
hoarseness, nasal discharge or congestion, shortness
of breath, sore throat, wheezing, sneezing
21. GUIDELINES CONT’D
If by using these criteria it is felt that a death may
be due to COVID-19, the decisions to be taken are:
Whether to proceed to post-mortem examination or not.
The extent of the autopsy
Is the examination limited to obtaining the necessary
swabs and samples to confirm COVID-19 infection
Should it entail a fuller more invasive post-mortem
examination?
22. GUIDELINES CONT’D
It is recommended that autopsies on likely Covid-19
bodies should be staged by first taking samples to
assess for COVID-19 infection.
Only after these results have been assessed should
a fuller, more invasive post-mortem examination be
carried out.
Autopsies after confirmation of infection are mainly
for academic or research purposes.
23. SAFETY GUIDELINES FOR
COVID-19 AUTOPSIES
CRITERIA
the mortuary is sufficiently well-equipped, safe and
accredited
the anatomic pathology technologists are comfortable
with continuing the examination
the pathologist has knowledge of what they might
encounter in the organs and how to proceed with
sample selection and then interpretation of the
histopathology.
24. SAFETY GUIDELINES CONT’D
If these conditions are not fulfilled, then either a
more experienced pathologist may be invited to
perform the autopsy in the same mortuary, or the
case may be referred to another mortuary that is
appropriately equipped and staffed.
25. SAFETY GUIDELINES CONT’D
CLINICAL INFORMATION
In addition to standard clinical information and
location of death, knowledge of past international
travel, laboratory data and microbiology data
(positive and negative) are critical.
It is important not to assume that the information
provided is accurate.
26. UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS
Aerosol-generating procedures such as use of an
oscillating bone saw should be avoided for known
or suspected COVID-19 cases. Consider using
hand shears as an alternative cutting tool. If an
oscillating saw is used, attach a vacuum shroud to
contain aerosols.
Allow only one person to cut at a given time.
Limit the number of personnel working in the
autopsy suite at any given time to the minimum
number of people necessary to safely conduct the
autopsy.
Limit the number of personnel working on the
human body at any given time.
27. UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS
Use a biosafety cabinet for the handling and
examination of smaller specimens and other
containment equipment whenever possible.
Use caution when handling needles or other
sharps, and dispose of contaminated sharps in
puncture-proof, labeled, closable sharps containers.
A logbook including names, dates, and activities of
all workers participating in the postmortem and
cleaning of the autopsy suite should be kept to
assist in future follow up, if necessary.
28. PPE
All employers have to protect the health and safety
of their employees under the Health and Safety at
Work Act 1974.
PPE is essential. It is standard for all autopsies that
pathologists and APTs wear the following:
surgical scrub suit
hat to protect hair
clear visor to protect the face, eyes and mouth
respiratory protection, either as a standard surgical
mask or a FFP3 mask, which more effectively excludes
small particles of infective material
29. PPE CONT’D
a waterproof gown that covers the entire body, including
the forearms
a plastic apron over a waterproof gown
rubber boots with metal-protected toecaps and dorsal
reinforcement
under single use disposable non-latex gloves, protective
gloves made of kevlar or neoprene, which are cut-
resistant in case of potential blood-borne infection.
30.
31. ENGINEERING AND ENVIRONMENTAL
CONTROLS
Autopsies on known or suspected COVID-19 cases
should be conducted in airborne infection isolation
rooms (AIIRs). These rooms are at negative
pressure to surrounding areas, have a minimum of
6 air changes per hour (ACH) for existing structures
and 12 ACH for renovated or new structures, and
have air exhausted directly outside or through a
HEPA filter.
Doors to the room should be kept closed except
during entry and egress.
32.
33. ENGINEERING AND ENVIRONMENTAL
CONTROLS
If an AIIR is not available, ensure the room is
negative pressure with no air recirculation to
adjacent spaces.
A portable HEPA recirculation unit could be placed
in the room to provide further reduction in aerosols.
34. ENGINEERING AND ENVIRONMENTAL
CONTROLS
Local airflow control (ie, laminar flow systems) can
be used to direct aerosols away from personnel.
If use of an AIIR or HEPA unit is not possible, the
procedure should be performed in the most
protective environment possible.
Air should never be returned to the building interior,
but should be exhausted outdoors, away from
areas of human traffic or gathering spaces and
away from other air intake systems.
35. ENGINEERING AND ENVIRONMENTAL
CONTROLS
Engage a minimum number of staff in the
procedure, and perform only if:
an adequately ventilated room suitable for the
procedure is available.
appropriate PPE is available; scrub suit, surgical mask
or if AGP particulate respirator or N95 mask, long
sleeved fluid-resistant gown, gloves (either two pairs or
one pair autopsy gloves) and face shield (preferably) or
goggles, boots.
36. ENGINEERING CONT’D
For reduction of aerosol generating procedures
during such autopsies, these should be considered:
use containment devices (e.g. biosafety cabinets for the
handling and examination of smaller specimens).
use vacuum shrouds for oscillating saws.
do not use high-pressure water sprays.
if opening intestines, do it under water.
37. TABLE 1 – USE OF PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
ACCORDING TO THE PROCEDURE RELATED TO THE MORTUARY
MANAGEMENT OF COVID-19.
38. TABLE 2 – TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR PERSONAL PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENT FOR PROCEDURES RELATED TO THE MORTUARY
MANAGEMENT OF COVID-19.
Safety measure Details
Hand hygiene alcohol based hand rub
running water
liquid plain soap for hand hygiene
disposable towel for hand drying
(paper or tissue)
PPE gloves
waterproof plastic apron
long sleeve gowns
anti-fog googles
face shield
N95 respirator or surgical mask
Waste management and
environmental cleaning
disposal bag for bio-hazardous
waste
Soap and water or detergent
disinfectant for surfaces –
hypochlorite solution 0.1% (1000
39. LIMITED AUTOPSIES
There has been much research on the utility of
limited autopsies (i.e. needle sampling or single
opening organ sampling) in the context of autopsy
practice in resource-poor countries with limited
mortuary facilities and staff.
Such minimally invasive autopsies (MIA) are
undoubtedly useful in cases of systemic infection by
viruses and bacteria, where sampling blood, liver
and spleen will reliably provide diagnostic samples
and provide an anatomic cause of death.
40. CONCLUSION
Covid-19 is an acceptable direct or underlying
cause of death for the purposes of completing the
death certificate.
That Covid-19 is a notifiable disease does not
mean referral to a coroner is required by virtue of
this status.
Every autopsy carries the potential risk of
transmission of infection and even more so when it
involves a confirmed or suspected case of Covid-
19.
Safety precautions by way of both PPEs and
appropriate environmental engineering need to be
ion place to mitigate the risks.
41. REFERENCES
1. International guidelines for certification and Classification
(coding) of covid-19 as cause of Death based on
International statistical classification of diseases (16 april
2020)
2. Chan JF, Yuan S, Kok KH, To KK, Chu H, Yang J, et al. A
familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel
coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a
study of a family cluster. Lancet. 2020.
3. The epidemiological characteristics of an outbreak of 2019
novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) in China].
Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi. 2020;41(2):145-51.
4. World Health Organization. WHO Director-General's
opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 - 11
March 2020 Geneva2020
5. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Autopsy Guidance
FAQ https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2500121-
overview?src=mkm_200514_mscpmrk_COVID_feature_Aut
opsy&uac=349717PT&impID=2380938&faf=1
Editor's Notes
Stigma – insurance claims
positive pressure ventilation (BiPAP and CPAP),
AGPs include: endotracheal intubation, airway suction, high frequency oscillatory ventilation, tracheostomy, chest physiotherapy, nebulizer
treatment, sputum induction, bronchoscopy, and necropsies.
This helps to reduce uncertainty for the classification or coding and to correctly monitor these deaths.
This is a typical course with a certificate that has been filled in correctly. It is important to indicate whether the virus causing COVID-19 had been identified in the decedent.
Note: Clinicians should consider testing inpatients with new respiratory symptoms or fever without another cause or worsening of a pre-existing respiratory condition
This decision should be taken on a case-by-case basis depending on the needs of the coroner and other relevant
parties.
FFP3 - FFP stands for "Filtering Face Piece" and the number denotes the level of protection
High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA)
Minimize aerosol generating procedures by:
avoiding the use of power saws whenever possible
avoiding splashes when removing, handling or washing organs, especially lung tissue and the intestines;
using exhaust ventilation to contain aerosols and reduce the volume of aerosols released into the ambient air environment; exhaust systems around the autopsy table should direct air and aerosols away from health-care workers performing the procedure (e.g. exhaust downward).