This thesis examines the performance of plate-fin and pin-fin heat sinks for liquid cooling applications. Study 1 validates a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of a dynamic cold plate by comparing results to experimental data. Study 2 uses the validated CFD model to perform a parametric study of plate-fin and pin-fin heat sinks, comparing their thermal resistances under different operating conditions. The study optimizes the base height, fin height and thickness/radius for minimum thermal resistance. Future work includes evaluating additional heat sink designs and studying performance under fixed pumping power conditions.
This document describes a design of experiments study to optimize the regeneration of spent activated carbon cloth used to adsorb volatile organic compounds in automobile painting processes. A full factorial design was used initially to screen important factors. A central composite design was then employed to develop regression models and identify optimum regeneration conditions that minimize residual compounds ("heel") and maximize pore volume for reuse. The optimum conditions were identified as a molecular weight of 79.2 g/mol, kinetic diameter of 0.28 nm, and heating temperature of 259°C, achieving 4.1% heel and 0.82 cm3/g pore volume.
IRJET-Cooling System in TIG Welding by using Vapour Compression CycleIRJET Journal
This document describes a study to implement a vapor compression cooling system to lower the temperature of water used as a coolant in TIG (tungsten inert gas) welding. TIG welding generates high temperatures that can cause issues if the coolant water gets too hot. The vapor compression cycle works similarly to a reversed Carnot cycle to reduce the coolant water temperature below ambient. It consists of an evaporator, compressor, condenser, and expansion valve. With the vapor compression system, the welds show improved properties and microstructure due to the enhanced cooling and increased welding pool stability from lower coolant temperatures.
The document presents a project on the production of L-phenylacetylcarbinol (L-PAC) through fermentation. It includes a literature review on the fermentation process and usage of L-PAC. An economy analysis of the global demand and supply of L-PAC from 2006-2013 is presented. The process description includes fermentation in a bioreactor, centrifugation, precipitation, filtration and drying. Mass and energy balances are calculated for the bioreactor and distillation column. The pressure vessel designs for the bioreactor and distillation column are discussed. Heat exchanger designs and heat integration are analyzed. Control loops for bioreactor level, feed rate and antifoam are proposed. Wastew
Study and Analysis of Tube Failure in Water Tube boilerArunMalanthara
This report explain about Study and Analysis of Tube failure in water tube boiler. It tells about safe conditions to prevent accident. Different Mathematical modelling, Design, Thermal analysis, Structural analysis and Pressure analysis have been carried out to get optimum safe conditions.
This document describes Wetzel Engineering's development of a modular space frame design for wind turbine blades. Some key points:
- The design aims to reduce weight, costs, and improve quality/inspection over conventional designs through a modular structure of spars and ribs connected by adhesive bonds rather than an infused shell.
- Motivations include enabling larger 100m blades for 10MW turbines through elimination of heavy core materials and large molds.
- Modularization also allows easier transportation and installation of large blades.
- Cost modeling of an 83m 6MW blade showed the space frame design could reduce costs by up to 22.5% over conventional designs.
This document discusses tire testing and the manufacturing process. It covers:
- Tire manufacturing is a complex process involving over 200 raw materials. Quality control and R&D are critical.
- Common tire tests include tension, adhesion, tear, fatigue and wear tests. Tension tests are often done according to ASTM D412 or ISO 37 standards using dumbbell or ring specimens at 500mm/min.
- Proper gripping, extensometers, and environmental controls are needed to get accurate tension test results, especially for rubber's high elongations. Both contacting and non-contacting extensometers are used.
The document outlines a final report for a regenerative cooling nozzle project completed for the Boston University Rocket Propulsion Group (BURPG). It includes an executive summary describing the design of a MATLAB model and CAD models to simulate different nozzle designs. Test results showed the model's results matched a CFD analysis and existing studies. The report also details the project requirements, specifications provided by BURPG, design process, cost analysis, conclusions and acknowledgements. Tables list the project success points achieved and models/prototypes developed.
This document describes a design of experiments study to optimize the regeneration of spent activated carbon cloth used to adsorb volatile organic compounds in automobile painting processes. A full factorial design was used initially to screen important factors. A central composite design was then employed to develop regression models and identify optimum regeneration conditions that minimize residual compounds ("heel") and maximize pore volume for reuse. The optimum conditions were identified as a molecular weight of 79.2 g/mol, kinetic diameter of 0.28 nm, and heating temperature of 259°C, achieving 4.1% heel and 0.82 cm3/g pore volume.
IRJET-Cooling System in TIG Welding by using Vapour Compression CycleIRJET Journal
This document describes a study to implement a vapor compression cooling system to lower the temperature of water used as a coolant in TIG (tungsten inert gas) welding. TIG welding generates high temperatures that can cause issues if the coolant water gets too hot. The vapor compression cycle works similarly to a reversed Carnot cycle to reduce the coolant water temperature below ambient. It consists of an evaporator, compressor, condenser, and expansion valve. With the vapor compression system, the welds show improved properties and microstructure due to the enhanced cooling and increased welding pool stability from lower coolant temperatures.
The document presents a project on the production of L-phenylacetylcarbinol (L-PAC) through fermentation. It includes a literature review on the fermentation process and usage of L-PAC. An economy analysis of the global demand and supply of L-PAC from 2006-2013 is presented. The process description includes fermentation in a bioreactor, centrifugation, precipitation, filtration and drying. Mass and energy balances are calculated for the bioreactor and distillation column. The pressure vessel designs for the bioreactor and distillation column are discussed. Heat exchanger designs and heat integration are analyzed. Control loops for bioreactor level, feed rate and antifoam are proposed. Wastew
Study and Analysis of Tube Failure in Water Tube boilerArunMalanthara
This report explain about Study and Analysis of Tube failure in water tube boiler. It tells about safe conditions to prevent accident. Different Mathematical modelling, Design, Thermal analysis, Structural analysis and Pressure analysis have been carried out to get optimum safe conditions.
This document describes Wetzel Engineering's development of a modular space frame design for wind turbine blades. Some key points:
- The design aims to reduce weight, costs, and improve quality/inspection over conventional designs through a modular structure of spars and ribs connected by adhesive bonds rather than an infused shell.
- Motivations include enabling larger 100m blades for 10MW turbines through elimination of heavy core materials and large molds.
- Modularization also allows easier transportation and installation of large blades.
- Cost modeling of an 83m 6MW blade showed the space frame design could reduce costs by up to 22.5% over conventional designs.
This document discusses tire testing and the manufacturing process. It covers:
- Tire manufacturing is a complex process involving over 200 raw materials. Quality control and R&D are critical.
- Common tire tests include tension, adhesion, tear, fatigue and wear tests. Tension tests are often done according to ASTM D412 or ISO 37 standards using dumbbell or ring specimens at 500mm/min.
- Proper gripping, extensometers, and environmental controls are needed to get accurate tension test results, especially for rubber's high elongations. Both contacting and non-contacting extensometers are used.
The document outlines a final report for a regenerative cooling nozzle project completed for the Boston University Rocket Propulsion Group (BURPG). It includes an executive summary describing the design of a MATLAB model and CAD models to simulate different nozzle designs. Test results showed the model's results matched a CFD analysis and existing studies. The report also details the project requirements, specifications provided by BURPG, design process, cost analysis, conclusions and acknowledgements. Tables list the project success points achieved and models/prototypes developed.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
SUCKER ROD GUIDE MATERIAL PERFORMANCE USING ASTM TEST METHODSalf-iqhub
RTP Company conducted a study to quantify the wear performance of various thermoplastic materials for sucker rod guides using ASTM test methods. They tested 11 compounds against abrasive and sliding wear. For abrasive wear, PEEK and PPS compounds performed the best with the least mass loss. For sliding wear at high pressures and velocities simulating downhole conditions, PEEK and select PPS compounds showed the lowest wear factors, indicating they would be suitable for rod guide applications. The study provided data to develop improved thermoplastic compounds for sucker rod guides.
The document provides static analysis of an XYZ wellhead platform based on API RP2A WSD. It includes main data on the platform dimensions, equipment loads, environmental conditions, and preliminary design. Static analysis was performed considering gravity and environmental loads under operating and storm conditions. Several members were redesigned due to utilization coefficients greater than 1. The maximum utilization coefficients were for the heli deck secondary girder under operating conditions and the conductor under storm conditions.
This document lists turbine and piping orders for various power plant projects between 2007-2012. It provides details of the client, project name and location, year of order, tonnage of piping supplied, pipe grades as per industry standards, range of pipe diameters from 1/4 to 32 inches, and pipe thickness ranging from 1.65 to 14.2 mm. In total, over 50 different orders for power plants in India with capacities between 195MW to 660MW are described over 5 pages with specifications of pipe materials.
Comparative Analysis of HVAC System Based on Life Cycle Cost AnalysisIJERA Editor
A heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) system is designed to satisfy the environmental requirements of comfort or a process, in a specific building or portion of a building and in a particular geographic locale. Efficient design of heating, ventilating and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems is a primary concern in building projects. The objectives of the HVAC system design are to provide a thermal comfort, good indoor quality and energy conservation. For the typical commercial building projects, it is not difficult to acquire the reference settings for efficient operation. However, for some special projects, due to the specific design and control of the HVAC system, conventional settings may not be necessarily energy-efficient in daily operation. The HVAC system design and equipment selection for a commercial building (376 TR) is included as a case study in this paper. The outcomes of this paper are efficient design of HVAC system with minimum energy consumption and equipment selection based on operating and life cycle cost analysis.
Sandia National Laboratories has been conducting research on 100-meter wind turbine blades since 2009 to reduce technology risk and identify challenges of scaling up blade size. Their research has included developing detailed reference designs of 100-meter blades, studying advanced materials like carbon fiber and core materials, and investigating the effects of blade geometry and slenderness. Their work has resulted in four designs - SNL100-00 through SNL100-03 - each incorporating design improvements. All reference models, reports, and other materials from the project are publicly available online to support continued research on large wind turbine blades.
This document provides an overview of melt flow testing based on ISO 1133 and ASTM D1238 standards. Melt flow testing measures the mass or volume of melted polymer that flows through a die in 10 minutes at a specified temperature. It is commonly used for quality control of thermoplastics to verify materials, check quality, compare new materials, and predict polymer processing behavior. Key factors that can influence melt flow results include temperature accuracy and stability, sample preparation and moisture content, compaction method, density value used, manual test operations, die and piston maintenance, and cleaning procedures.
This summary provides an overview of the co-op rotation of Ash Abel at GE Healthcare in Florence, SC. During the rotation, Ash completed several goals including testing the performance of the AH2-1 gradient coil through thermal, acoustic, and vibration tests. Ash also identified leak testing equipment and procedures for the LCM, and researched vacuum chamber options for leak testing. Through the rotation, Ash learned about thermal measurements, gradient coil performance evaluation, acoustic and vibration testing procedures, and the importance of clear documentation.
Boiler Modification for SHR & Reliability Improvement SSL (IPP)Ashok Yadav
This document provides an overview of Sesa Sterlite Ltd's 4x600 MW independent power plant (IPP) located in Jharsuguda, India. The key points are:
1) The IPP has 4 units totaling 4x600 MW capacity supplied by SEPCO-III China. It uses boiler and turbine technology from Harbin and DFPS of China respectively.
2) Modifications were made to the boiler of one unit to improve efficiency and reliability. This involved reducing the surface area of low temperature superheater and reheater zones as well as increasing the economizer surface area.
3) Testing after the modifications showed improved parameters including a reduction in station heat rate of 14
The document summarizes results from an experiment conducted by Sandia National Labs to characterize and quantify the performance of non-destructive inspection methods for detecting flaws in wind turbine blades. The experiment involved fabricating test specimens with engineered flaws and having over 20 NDI technology vendors perform blind inspections to identify flaws. The goals were to establish baseline performance of current methods and evaluate how well newer techniques like phased array ultrasound, thermography and terahertz radiation could detect flaws. Preliminary results found that phased array UT, shearography and thermography showed improved detection capabilities compared to traditional UT and could benefit from hybrid inspection approaches combining multiple methods.
This document discusses challenges and solutions for measuring the performance of vortex generators on wind turbines. It outlines two methods for assessing performance: 1) comparing power curves with and without vortex generators, and 2) comparing the active power relationship between a test turbine using vortex generators and a control turbine. The analysis seeks to closely match the inflow conditions for test and control periods to isolate the effects of the vortex generators while accounting for seasonal and turbulence intensity variations. Preliminary results suggest a potential 1-2% increase in energy capture with vortex generators.
- The document discusses Mayekawa Mfg. Co., Ltd.'s NH3/CO2 refrigeration system called "NewTon". It aims to provide energy conservation and comply with environmental regulations by using natural refrigerants.
- NewTon uses a prefabricated package for the NH3 refrigeration cycle that is tested and assembled in the factory prior to shipping. This allows for quicker onsite installation and minimizes NH3 charge.
- Performance data shows NewTon provides significant power reductions of 19-41% compared to previous HCFC-22 systems in various cold storage applications. It also has higher energy efficiency factors compared to HCFC-22 freezer systems.
IRJET-Performance Analysis of Solar Air Heater with Different Absorber Materi...IRJET Journal
1) The document compares the performance of two types of solar air heaters - one with a toughened glass absorber plate and the other with a GI (galvanized iron) absorber plate.
2) Experimental results showed that the efficiency of the solar air heater with the toughened glass plate was higher than the one with the GI plate. The air temperature achieved was also higher with the toughened glass plate.
3) Efficiency increased with higher air velocities for both types of heaters but the toughened glass plate design performed better overall according to the analysis.
This document describes a resilient seated gate valve with the following key characteristics:
- Suitable for pressures up to 16 bar and temperatures up to 100°C
- Made of ductile cast iron and stainless steel
- With flanged ends, boltless bonnet, corrosion resistant stem sealing, and low torque operation
- Available in sizes from DN 40 to 300 in standard and long face-to-face lengths
The document discusses several engineering projects related to thermal management and design. It describes analyzing cooling for power MOSFETs using a copper cold plate model. It also discusses evaluating layout configurations to minimize temperature for high powered solid state devices using thermal analysis and CFD studies. Additionally, it outlines the design of a 20,000 CFM wind tunnel for testing a 30kW oil to air heat exchanger, including integrated sensor and control systems.
The AVATAR project aims to improve aerodynamic and fluid-structure models for large 10MW wind turbines by validating submodels against experiments. These include airfoil measurements in a pressurized wind tunnel up to Reynolds numbers of 15 million. A blind test was conducted comparing experimental and computational results. The project also involves designing an advanced 10MW AVATAR reference wind turbine with longer blades, higher tip speed and lower induction compared to a conventional design.
This document presents the results of an experiment comparing the time-temperature profiles and weld properties of gas metal arc welding (GMAW), flux-cored arc welding (FCAW), and metal-cored arc welding (MCAW) processes. Time-temperature data was collected during welding and showed that FCAW reached the highest temperatures despite having the lowest heat input. Macrostructural images showed differences in weld reinforcement and porosity between the processes. Dimensional analysis found FCAW had the narrowest weld bead. Microstructural images revealed finer grains in FCAW and MCAW due to lower heat input. Microhardness testing showed welds from FCAW had the highest hardness.
Review of Heat Transfer Parameters using internal threaded pipe fitted with i...ijiert bestjournal
Many heat transfer enhanced techniques have simultaneously been de veloped for the improvement of energy consumption,material saving,size reduction and pumping power reduction. Screw tape inserts in tubes are a typical technique that offer s a higher heat transfer increase and,at the same time,only a mild pressure drop penalty. This study investi gates the heat transfer characteristics of a horizontal tube-in-tube heat exchanger having internal threaded pip e with Screw tape inserts of different materials i.e. Mild steel screw tape and Aluminum sc rew tape inserted in the inner tube. Heat transfer,flow friction characteristics in a threaded tube fitted with sc rew tape,using oil as working fluid are investigated experimentally. Influences of the changing mate rial i.e M.S screw tape and Aluminum screw tape arrangements are also described. The experiments ar e conducted using the tapes with same twist ratios and pitch over a Reynolds number range less than 2,0 in a heat exchanger.
Senior Design Project - B.S. Mechanical Engineering (ITV Research and analysis)Kartik Suvarna
This document outlines the design of an intake throttle valve for a Navistar engine. It discusses the current issues with rapid closure of the throttle valve due to increasing pressure differential. Three concepts are proposed to address this - an orifice plate valve with a hole, an oval shaped valve, and a reduced diameter valve. Calculations of fluid flow and pressure differential would be used to select the best concept to prevent forced closure while meeting performance targets. Testing of a prototype part would then validate the chosen design.
This document summarizes a student project to design and build a prototype screw press. It includes an analysis of existing screw press designs and calculations to determine the dimensions of the screw press components. The objectives are to continue optimizing screw press design and evaluate performance. The methodology involves studying existing presses, selecting one for improvement, designing modifications, fabricating the press, and testing it. Dimensions and drawings of the prototype's power screw, columns, and plates are provided. The prototype was successfully built to specifications using wood instead of metal to reduce costs. The project enhanced workshop and design skills.
BE Chemical Engineering Design Project Production Of Propylene Oxidepatrickconneran
The document summarizes the design of a plant to produce 100,000 tonnes per year of 99.8% propylene oxide. It describes the selection of the cumene hydroperoxide process and provides details on the design of the key equipment, including oxidation, epoxidation, and distillation reactors and columns. It also discusses cost estimates, environmental impact assessments, hazard and operability studies, and the proposed site layout.
Ijri te-03-012 design and optimization of water cool condenser for central ai...Ijripublishers Ijri
Water-cooled chiller systems have typically been designed around entering condenser water temperatures of 85°F with a Optimization of Water - Cooled Chiller – Cooling Tower Combinations The warm water leaving the chilled water coils is pumped to the evaporator of the chiller, where the unwanted heat from the building is transferred by the latent heat of vaporization of the refrigerant. The compressor of the chiller then compresses the refrigerant to a higher pressure, adding the heat of compression in the process. The high pressure refrigerant then moves to the economical condenser water flow of 3.0 USGPM/ton and a 10°F denser, where the unwanted heat is rerange. In recent years, there has been considerable debate on the merits of designing around lower condenser water flow rates with a higher range in order to improve system lifecycle costs. However, two other parameters must also be considered in any analysis - approach and design wet bulb. The question to be answered is: What nominal condenser water flow rate and approach is best from a first cost standpoint as well as from a full load energy standpoint at any given wet bulb.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
SUCKER ROD GUIDE MATERIAL PERFORMANCE USING ASTM TEST METHODSalf-iqhub
RTP Company conducted a study to quantify the wear performance of various thermoplastic materials for sucker rod guides using ASTM test methods. They tested 11 compounds against abrasive and sliding wear. For abrasive wear, PEEK and PPS compounds performed the best with the least mass loss. For sliding wear at high pressures and velocities simulating downhole conditions, PEEK and select PPS compounds showed the lowest wear factors, indicating they would be suitable for rod guide applications. The study provided data to develop improved thermoplastic compounds for sucker rod guides.
The document provides static analysis of an XYZ wellhead platform based on API RP2A WSD. It includes main data on the platform dimensions, equipment loads, environmental conditions, and preliminary design. Static analysis was performed considering gravity and environmental loads under operating and storm conditions. Several members were redesigned due to utilization coefficients greater than 1. The maximum utilization coefficients were for the heli deck secondary girder under operating conditions and the conductor under storm conditions.
This document lists turbine and piping orders for various power plant projects between 2007-2012. It provides details of the client, project name and location, year of order, tonnage of piping supplied, pipe grades as per industry standards, range of pipe diameters from 1/4 to 32 inches, and pipe thickness ranging from 1.65 to 14.2 mm. In total, over 50 different orders for power plants in India with capacities between 195MW to 660MW are described over 5 pages with specifications of pipe materials.
Comparative Analysis of HVAC System Based on Life Cycle Cost AnalysisIJERA Editor
A heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) system is designed to satisfy the environmental requirements of comfort or a process, in a specific building or portion of a building and in a particular geographic locale. Efficient design of heating, ventilating and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems is a primary concern in building projects. The objectives of the HVAC system design are to provide a thermal comfort, good indoor quality and energy conservation. For the typical commercial building projects, it is not difficult to acquire the reference settings for efficient operation. However, for some special projects, due to the specific design and control of the HVAC system, conventional settings may not be necessarily energy-efficient in daily operation. The HVAC system design and equipment selection for a commercial building (376 TR) is included as a case study in this paper. The outcomes of this paper are efficient design of HVAC system with minimum energy consumption and equipment selection based on operating and life cycle cost analysis.
Sandia National Laboratories has been conducting research on 100-meter wind turbine blades since 2009 to reduce technology risk and identify challenges of scaling up blade size. Their research has included developing detailed reference designs of 100-meter blades, studying advanced materials like carbon fiber and core materials, and investigating the effects of blade geometry and slenderness. Their work has resulted in four designs - SNL100-00 through SNL100-03 - each incorporating design improvements. All reference models, reports, and other materials from the project are publicly available online to support continued research on large wind turbine blades.
This document provides an overview of melt flow testing based on ISO 1133 and ASTM D1238 standards. Melt flow testing measures the mass or volume of melted polymer that flows through a die in 10 minutes at a specified temperature. It is commonly used for quality control of thermoplastics to verify materials, check quality, compare new materials, and predict polymer processing behavior. Key factors that can influence melt flow results include temperature accuracy and stability, sample preparation and moisture content, compaction method, density value used, manual test operations, die and piston maintenance, and cleaning procedures.
This summary provides an overview of the co-op rotation of Ash Abel at GE Healthcare in Florence, SC. During the rotation, Ash completed several goals including testing the performance of the AH2-1 gradient coil through thermal, acoustic, and vibration tests. Ash also identified leak testing equipment and procedures for the LCM, and researched vacuum chamber options for leak testing. Through the rotation, Ash learned about thermal measurements, gradient coil performance evaluation, acoustic and vibration testing procedures, and the importance of clear documentation.
Boiler Modification for SHR & Reliability Improvement SSL (IPP)Ashok Yadav
This document provides an overview of Sesa Sterlite Ltd's 4x600 MW independent power plant (IPP) located in Jharsuguda, India. The key points are:
1) The IPP has 4 units totaling 4x600 MW capacity supplied by SEPCO-III China. It uses boiler and turbine technology from Harbin and DFPS of China respectively.
2) Modifications were made to the boiler of one unit to improve efficiency and reliability. This involved reducing the surface area of low temperature superheater and reheater zones as well as increasing the economizer surface area.
3) Testing after the modifications showed improved parameters including a reduction in station heat rate of 14
The document summarizes results from an experiment conducted by Sandia National Labs to characterize and quantify the performance of non-destructive inspection methods for detecting flaws in wind turbine blades. The experiment involved fabricating test specimens with engineered flaws and having over 20 NDI technology vendors perform blind inspections to identify flaws. The goals were to establish baseline performance of current methods and evaluate how well newer techniques like phased array ultrasound, thermography and terahertz radiation could detect flaws. Preliminary results found that phased array UT, shearography and thermography showed improved detection capabilities compared to traditional UT and could benefit from hybrid inspection approaches combining multiple methods.
This document discusses challenges and solutions for measuring the performance of vortex generators on wind turbines. It outlines two methods for assessing performance: 1) comparing power curves with and without vortex generators, and 2) comparing the active power relationship between a test turbine using vortex generators and a control turbine. The analysis seeks to closely match the inflow conditions for test and control periods to isolate the effects of the vortex generators while accounting for seasonal and turbulence intensity variations. Preliminary results suggest a potential 1-2% increase in energy capture with vortex generators.
- The document discusses Mayekawa Mfg. Co., Ltd.'s NH3/CO2 refrigeration system called "NewTon". It aims to provide energy conservation and comply with environmental regulations by using natural refrigerants.
- NewTon uses a prefabricated package for the NH3 refrigeration cycle that is tested and assembled in the factory prior to shipping. This allows for quicker onsite installation and minimizes NH3 charge.
- Performance data shows NewTon provides significant power reductions of 19-41% compared to previous HCFC-22 systems in various cold storage applications. It also has higher energy efficiency factors compared to HCFC-22 freezer systems.
IRJET-Performance Analysis of Solar Air Heater with Different Absorber Materi...IRJET Journal
1) The document compares the performance of two types of solar air heaters - one with a toughened glass absorber plate and the other with a GI (galvanized iron) absorber plate.
2) Experimental results showed that the efficiency of the solar air heater with the toughened glass plate was higher than the one with the GI plate. The air temperature achieved was also higher with the toughened glass plate.
3) Efficiency increased with higher air velocities for both types of heaters but the toughened glass plate design performed better overall according to the analysis.
This document describes a resilient seated gate valve with the following key characteristics:
- Suitable for pressures up to 16 bar and temperatures up to 100°C
- Made of ductile cast iron and stainless steel
- With flanged ends, boltless bonnet, corrosion resistant stem sealing, and low torque operation
- Available in sizes from DN 40 to 300 in standard and long face-to-face lengths
The document discusses several engineering projects related to thermal management and design. It describes analyzing cooling for power MOSFETs using a copper cold plate model. It also discusses evaluating layout configurations to minimize temperature for high powered solid state devices using thermal analysis and CFD studies. Additionally, it outlines the design of a 20,000 CFM wind tunnel for testing a 30kW oil to air heat exchanger, including integrated sensor and control systems.
The AVATAR project aims to improve aerodynamic and fluid-structure models for large 10MW wind turbines by validating submodels against experiments. These include airfoil measurements in a pressurized wind tunnel up to Reynolds numbers of 15 million. A blind test was conducted comparing experimental and computational results. The project also involves designing an advanced 10MW AVATAR reference wind turbine with longer blades, higher tip speed and lower induction compared to a conventional design.
This document presents the results of an experiment comparing the time-temperature profiles and weld properties of gas metal arc welding (GMAW), flux-cored arc welding (FCAW), and metal-cored arc welding (MCAW) processes. Time-temperature data was collected during welding and showed that FCAW reached the highest temperatures despite having the lowest heat input. Macrostructural images showed differences in weld reinforcement and porosity between the processes. Dimensional analysis found FCAW had the narrowest weld bead. Microstructural images revealed finer grains in FCAW and MCAW due to lower heat input. Microhardness testing showed welds from FCAW had the highest hardness.
Review of Heat Transfer Parameters using internal threaded pipe fitted with i...ijiert bestjournal
Many heat transfer enhanced techniques have simultaneously been de veloped for the improvement of energy consumption,material saving,size reduction and pumping power reduction. Screw tape inserts in tubes are a typical technique that offer s a higher heat transfer increase and,at the same time,only a mild pressure drop penalty. This study investi gates the heat transfer characteristics of a horizontal tube-in-tube heat exchanger having internal threaded pip e with Screw tape inserts of different materials i.e. Mild steel screw tape and Aluminum sc rew tape inserted in the inner tube. Heat transfer,flow friction characteristics in a threaded tube fitted with sc rew tape,using oil as working fluid are investigated experimentally. Influences of the changing mate rial i.e M.S screw tape and Aluminum screw tape arrangements are also described. The experiments ar e conducted using the tapes with same twist ratios and pitch over a Reynolds number range less than 2,0 in a heat exchanger.
Senior Design Project - B.S. Mechanical Engineering (ITV Research and analysis)Kartik Suvarna
This document outlines the design of an intake throttle valve for a Navistar engine. It discusses the current issues with rapid closure of the throttle valve due to increasing pressure differential. Three concepts are proposed to address this - an orifice plate valve with a hole, an oval shaped valve, and a reduced diameter valve. Calculations of fluid flow and pressure differential would be used to select the best concept to prevent forced closure while meeting performance targets. Testing of a prototype part would then validate the chosen design.
This document summarizes a student project to design and build a prototype screw press. It includes an analysis of existing screw press designs and calculations to determine the dimensions of the screw press components. The objectives are to continue optimizing screw press design and evaluate performance. The methodology involves studying existing presses, selecting one for improvement, designing modifications, fabricating the press, and testing it. Dimensions and drawings of the prototype's power screw, columns, and plates are provided. The prototype was successfully built to specifications using wood instead of metal to reduce costs. The project enhanced workshop and design skills.
BE Chemical Engineering Design Project Production Of Propylene Oxidepatrickconneran
The document summarizes the design of a plant to produce 100,000 tonnes per year of 99.8% propylene oxide. It describes the selection of the cumene hydroperoxide process and provides details on the design of the key equipment, including oxidation, epoxidation, and distillation reactors and columns. It also discusses cost estimates, environmental impact assessments, hazard and operability studies, and the proposed site layout.
Ijri te-03-012 design and optimization of water cool condenser for central ai...Ijripublishers Ijri
Water-cooled chiller systems have typically been designed around entering condenser water temperatures of 85°F with a Optimization of Water - Cooled Chiller – Cooling Tower Combinations The warm water leaving the chilled water coils is pumped to the evaporator of the chiller, where the unwanted heat from the building is transferred by the latent heat of vaporization of the refrigerant. The compressor of the chiller then compresses the refrigerant to a higher pressure, adding the heat of compression in the process. The high pressure refrigerant then moves to the economical condenser water flow of 3.0 USGPM/ton and a 10°F denser, where the unwanted heat is rerange. In recent years, there has been considerable debate on the merits of designing around lower condenser water flow rates with a higher range in order to improve system lifecycle costs. However, two other parameters must also be considered in any analysis - approach and design wet bulb. The question to be answered is: What nominal condenser water flow rate and approach is best from a first cost standpoint as well as from a full load energy standpoint at any given wet bulb.
This presentation will cover pipe support design, 3D modeling, Finite Element Analysis, special stress and thermal cases, along with the unique cases that brought on new pipe support designs. Increase your understanding of the value-added services that are offered by PT&P, and rest assured that your Engineering and Design needs can be covered by our 24x7 web-based emergency services, providing field service, and quick-turn around time when you need it most. We look forward to having you join us for this complimentary presentation on Engineering and Design of Pipe Supports.
Study of forced convection in smooth and ribbed ductsHaamid Shah
This document is a project report submitted by two students to fulfill the requirements of a Bachelor of Technology degree. It presents an experimental study on heat transfer in smooth and ribbed ducts. The experiments were conducted using a circular duct with an internal diameter of 28 mm lined with either a plain profile or an internal square thread profile. Heat transfer, pressure drop, friction factor, Nusselt number, and convection coefficient data were determined and compared between the two duct profiles. The objective was to analyze the effect of the ribbed duct on these parameters and heat transfer enhancement compared to the smooth duct.
Blending of traditional hot forging practice with the latest technologies in computational simulation,sensing and closed loop controls,to improve process efficiency.
This presentation will cover pipe support design, 3D modeling, Finite Element Analysis, special stress and thermal cases, along with the unique cases that brought on new pipe support designs. Increase your understanding of the value-added services that are offered by PT&P, and rest assured that your Engineering and Design needs can be covered by our 24x7 web-based emergency services, providing field service, and quick-turn around time when you need it most.
This presentation covers process safety considerations and when a dynamic simulation is required. We also provide a modelling approach and a case study on Coker Bottoms Steam Generator, which includes information on device selection and device sizing.
Fabrication and CFD Analysis of Cylindrical Heat Sink Having Longitudinal Fin...IRJET Journal
This document describes a study on the effects of adding rectangular notches to the fins of a cylindrical heat sink. A cylindrical heat sink with longitudinal aluminum fins was fabricated, with fins containing notches of varying sizes (10%, 20%, and 30% of the fin area) and configurations (with and without compensating for the removed notch area). Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis and experimental testing were performed to analyze heat transfer and air flow over heat sinks with different fin notch variations. The results showed that heat transfer increased for heat sinks with 10% and 20% notches compared to a plane fin heat sink, but decreased for heat sinks with 30% notches. CFD analysis of the different designs provided data on pressure
This presentation will cover pipe support design, 3D modeling, Finite Element Analysis, special stress and thermal cases, along with the unique cases that brought on new pipe support designs. Increase your understanding of the value-added services that are offered by PT&P, and rest assured that your Engineering and Design needs can be covered by our 24x7 web-based emergency services, providing field service, and quick-turn around time when you need it most.
This presentation will cover pipe support design, 3D modeling, Finite Element Analysis, special stress and thermal cases, along with the unique cases that brought on new pipe support designs. Increase your understanding of the value-added services that are offered by PT&P, and rest assured that your Engineering and Design needs can be covered by our 24x7 web-based emergency services, providing field service, and quick-turn around time when you need it most. We look forward to having you join us for this complimentary presentation on Engineering and Design of Pipe Supports.
IRJET- Thermal Analysis and Optimization of Two-Wheeler Engine Cylinder FinsIRJET Journal
This document discusses thermal analysis and optimization of fins on a two-wheeler engine cylinder. It analyzes the existing cylinder block design and performs finite element analysis on modified designs. The goals are to improve heat transfer rate from the engine by varying fin geometry, thickness, and material. Two modified designs are analyzed - one with slotted fins and reduced thickness, and another with increased number of fins. Results show the maximum and minimum temperatures, total heat flux, and directional heat flux for the existing and modified designs. The modified designs achieved higher heat transfer rates from the engine cylinder.
OPTIMIZED DIE STRUCTURE DESIGN OF PLASTIC INJECTION MOULD USING FEM TECHNIQUEIjripublishers Ijri
The Aim of this thesis work is to reduce weight and cost of the injection mold by removing unwanted materials and using
low cost materials at non-stress region areas.
A general large size model will be prepared to design the mold structure using theoretical method.
Complete level of mold parts and assembly will be prepared to conduct analysis.
Structural analysis will be conducted on mould to find stress locations and non-effective locations.
Modifications will be done on mold according to obtained results.
OPTIMIZED DIE STRUCTURE DESIGN OF PLASTIC INJECTION MOULD USING FEM TECHNIQUEIjripublishers Ijri
A die is a specialized tool used in manufacturing industries to cut or shape material mostly using a press. Like molds,
dies are generally customized to the item they are used to create. Products made with dies range from simple paper clips
to complex pieces used in advanced technology.
The Aim of this thesis work is to reduce weight and cost of the injection mold by removing unwanted materials and using
low cost materials at non-stress region areas.
A general large size model will be prepared to design the mold structure using theoretical method.
Complete level of mold parts and assembly will be prepared to conduct analysis.
Structural analysis will be conducted on mould to find stress locations and non-effective locations.
Modifications will be done on mold according to obtained results.
Senior Capstone presentation,
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Microchannel heat exchangers provide higher performance than conventional heat exchangers due to their small channel size which enables higher heat transfer coefficients and surface area to volume ratios. They also have manageable pressure drops due to distributed laminar flow through multiple short channels. Microchannel exchangers are fabricated using robust manufacturing methods like diffusion bonding and have been implemented and proven in applications like natural gas liquefaction plants and steam methane reforming where their compact size provides economic advantages.
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This document summarizes an experimental analysis of heat transfer from circular perforated fin arrays under forced convection using a wind tunnel. Trapezoidal microfin arrays with circular perforations were selected and designed using Taguchi Method. Experiments were conducted in a wind tunnel on three test specimens - a solid rectangular fin array and two trapezoidal perforated fin arrays with different perforation pitches. The perforated fin arrays showed higher overall efficiency and effectiveness compared to the solid fin array. Maximum overall efficiency was obtained for the array with 5mm perforation pitch at an air velocity of 2m/s and heat input of 150W. Optimum effectiveness was obtained for the array with 7mm pitch at 2m/s and 120W input
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HDOT one of the topmost Manufacturing Units in IndiaGitanjali Singh
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1. Performance Evaluation of Plate-fin and Pin-fin
Heat Sinks and Design Optimization of Dynamic
Cold Plate (DCP)
By
Parth Jayeshkumar Soni
MS Mechanical Engineering Graduate Student
The University of Texas at Arlington
Date:03/21/2016
Thesis Advisor: Dr. Dereje Agonafer
Committee Members: Dr. A. Haji-Sheikh
Dr. Miguel AAmaya
Parth Soni Advisor: Dr. Dereje Agonafer
1
2. Why Liquid Cooling…
Power Trends
https://www.cisl.ucar.edu/nar/2006/1.0.sc.jsp
Parth Soni Advisor: Dr. Dereje Agonafer
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3. Focus
Study 1: Design Validation of Dynamic Cold Plate
(DCP)
Study 2: Parametric Study and Performance
Comparison of Pin-fin and Plate-fin Heat Sinks for
the Application of Oil Immersed Cooling
Parth Soni Advisor: Dr. Dereje Agonafer
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4. Focus
Study 1: Design Validation of Dynamic Cold Plate
(DCP)
Study 2: Parametric Study and Performance Comparison
of Pin-fin and Plate-fin Heat Sinks for the Application of
Oil Immersed Cooling
Parth Soni Advisor: Dr. Dereje Agonafer
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5. Original Cold Plate(OCP) vs Dynamic Cold
Plate(DCP)
One inlet one outlet
Same water flow for all heat generating components
Parth Soni Advisor: Dr. Dereje Agonafer
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Separate inlet and outlet for different compartment inside cold
plate
Different flow for different compartment
6. What is DCP?
Dynamic cold plate is extended
version of original cold plate
Parth Soni Advisor: Dr. Dereje Agonafer
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CAD model Fin placement
Referance heat generating platform
7. Parth Soni Advisor: Dr. Dereje Agonafer
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Dimensions (in mm)
ASICs – 14.71 × 13.31 ×
0.8
FPGA – 10.5 × 12.7 × 0.8
Reference Platform
Component Quantity Power(W)
Base 1 -
ASIC 1(B1) 40
ASIC 11 5
FPGA 1 5
LICA 137 0
ASIC:-Application-Specific Integrated Circuit
FPGA:-Field-Programmable Gate Array
• MCM serves as basis for design of solution
- Power dissipation of 485W over 78mm × 78mm
8. CFD Modeling of DCP
Parth Soni Advisor: Dr. Dereje Agonafer
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10. Model of Dynamic Cold Plate
Parth Soni Advisor: Dr. Dereje Agonafer
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Dimensions cold late
Foot print : 90*90 mm
Base height: 5mm
Fin dimensions
Thickness: 0.5 mm
Height: 2mm
Length: 29mm
Pitch: 1mm
Dimensions of cover
Footprint : 90*90 mm
Height: 15mm
Ø of inlet outlet: 7mm
Dimensions from Experimental setup
11. Purpose of Study
To visualize the flow in side the cold plate
To validate of the CFD model
For, Optimization of flow inside cold plate
For, parametric study of DCP
Parth Soni Advisor: Dr. Dereje Agonafer
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12. Mesh
Unstructured mesh
No of elements: 11,15,321
Shape of elements: Tetra elements
Mesh algorithm: Robust (octree)
top-down meshing approach
top-down meshing approach
Parth Soni Advisor: Dr. Dereje Agonafer
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13. Mesh Density
Fin surface: 0.001 m
Fin thickness: 0.005m
Other surfaces: 1m
Parth Soni Advisor: Dr. Dereje Agonafer
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14. Analysis
Models in fluent
Energy equation
Turbulent model: K-epsilon turbulence model
Materials used in the modeling
Parth Soni Advisor: Dr. Dereje Agonafer
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15. K-epsilon Turbulence Model
Parth Soni Advisor: Dr. Dereje Agonafer
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Turbulent kinetic energy k
Eddy Dissipation ε
10% turbulent intensity from length scale model (Fluent
user guide)
16. Boundary Conditions
4 inlets: Velocity inlets
Velocity of water: 4 lpm
(Reference experimental data)
Temperature: Ambient
Pressure : 3000 pa
4 outlets: Pressure outlets
No back pressure
Parth Soni Advisor: Dr. Dereje Agonafer
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19. Temperature Distribution
Parth Soni Advisor: Dr. Dereje Agonafer
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• This figure shows
the heat spread on
the copper plate
• As temperature of
B1 increases
neighboring chips
also shows some
higher temperature
20. Pressure Drop
Parth Soni Advisor: Dr. Dereje Agonafer
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Pumping power=Pressure drop *
Flow rate
Pumping power= 2.2 W(CFD result)
Pumping power=2.76 w(Experimental result)
22. Conclusion
Thus, from the CFD results this model is in good agreement
with experimental results
Hence, this model can be used for the further study of
optimization and parametric study
Parth Soni Advisor: Dr. Dereje Agonafer
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23. Future Work
Study 1:
This model can be used to optimize the design of the DCP
Cover design optimization for better flow rate
Parametric study and documentation of different fins and
different cover design
Parth Soni Advisor: Dr. Dereje Agonafer
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24. Focus
Study 1:Design Validation of Dynamic Cold Plate (DCP)
Study 2: Parametric study and performance
comparison of pin fin and plate fin heat sinks for the
application of oil immersed cooling
Parth Soni Advisor: Dr. Dereje Agonafer
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25. Study 1
Parametric study and
performance comparison of pin
fin and plate fin heat sinks for the
application of oil immersed
cooling for open compute
generation one server
Parth Soni Advisor: Dr. Dereje Agonafer
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26. Previous Study
Validation of the model using the identical boundary
condition generated in experiment
Documentation of parametric study and the performance of
the parallel plate heat sink for the oil immersed application
Optimization of the parallel plate heat sink design
Parth Soni Advisor: Dr. Dereje Agonafer
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27. Parth Soni Advisor: Dr. Dereje Agonafer
27
Evaluate the performance of pin fin and plate fin heat
sink
Compare the thermal resistance of both the heat sinks
with current heat sink in use for open compute server
Motivation
28. Methodology
Place plate fin and pin fin heat sink in place of the parallel
plate heat sink on the validated model
Parametric study of heat sinks for same condition as
experimental set up
Base height
Pin thickness and radius
Flow rate
Documentation of the performance of both heat sinks
Parth Soni Advisor: Dr. Dereje Agonafer
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29. Types of Heat Sinks
Parth Soni Advisor: Dr. Dereje Agonafer
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http://img.diytrade.com/cdimg/720673/627215
7/0/1214899819/pin_fin_heat_sink.jpg
http://www.enertron-
inc.com/images/resources/forged/forged_2.JPGhttp://www.newegg.ca/Product/Product.aspx?Ite
m=N82E16816101827
Parallel plate heat sink Pin fin heat sink Plate fin heat sink
30. Parth Soni Advisor: Dr. Dereje Agonafer
30 Material Properties
PCB, Ram- FR-4 epoxy resin
Density- 1900 kg/m3
Thermal conductivity – 0.17 W/m K
Specific heat – 749 J/kg K
Heat sink - Aluminum
Density- 2700 kg/m3
Thermal conductivity-218 W/m K
Specific heat- 900 J/Kg K
31. Mineral Oil Properties31
𝜇 = 𝐶1 ∗ 𝐸𝑥𝑝
2797.3
𝑇 + 273.2
STE Oil Company data sheets and
MSDS:http://www.steoil.com/msds-tech-data
Density – 1680 Kg/m3
Thermal conductivity – 0.13 J/kg K
Specific heat – 1680
Re: 4.6
Parth Soni Advisor: Dr. Dereje Agonafer
32. 32 Flow Conditions
• Inlet temperature: 30˚C
• Volume rate : 1 lpm
• Velocity : 0.00115 m/s
• Pressure : 6 psi
• Re : 13.6
Volume flow rate = Area of inlet ×
Velocity
Re=
𝜌𝑣𝐷
𝝁
𝐷 =
2𝑔ℎ
𝑔+ℎ
g= channel width
h=fin height
Pumping power= pressure drop * mass
flow rate
Parth Soni Advisor: Dr. Dereje Agonafer
33. CFD Set Up
Parth Soni Advisor: Dr. Dereje Agonafer
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Heat sink data:
• Foot print- 10 cm ×7 cm
• Base height – 0.6 cm
• Total height – 3.1 cm
• Number of fins – 25
• Fin radius – 0.6 cm
Model data
Cabinet
Footprint: 35*35 cm
Ram
Dimension: 14*3*8 cmHeat sink data:
• Foot print- 10 cm ×7 cm
• Base height – 0.6 cm
• Total height – 3.1 cm
• Number of fins – 25
• Fin thickness – 0.4 cm
34. Why Fixed Flow Rate
Pressure drop in air cooling application is around 4
Pa
For parallel plate heat sink in in oil cooling
application pressure drop around 0.9 Pa
Where as, in oil cooling application pressure drop is
around 0.032 Pa
Parth Soni Advisor: Dr. Dereje Agonafer
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Pumping power=Pressure drop * Flow rate
Advantage of fix Flow rate concept
• Less time consuming
• Easy to use
36. Grid independent Study
Parth Soni Advisor: Dr. Dereje Agonafer
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Inlet Temperature - 30° C
Volume rate – 1 lpm
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000 300000
Thermalresistance(c/kg.k)
No of nodes
Chart Title
Plate fin pin fin
37. Flow Rate vs Thermal Resistance
Parth Soni Advisor: Dr. Dereje Agonafer
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Inlet Temperature - 30° C
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
Thermalresistance(c/kg.k)
Flow rate(lpm)
Flow rate vs Thermal resistance
pin fin
plate fin
38. Base Height vs Thermal Resistance
Parth Soni Advisor: Dr. Dereje Agonafer
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Inlet Temperature - 30° C
Volume rate – 1 lpm
0.935
0.94
0.945
0.95
0.955
0.96
0.965
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8
Thermalresistance(c/kg.k)
Base height (cm)
Base height vs Thermal resistance
39. Fin Height and Fin Radius vs Thermal Resistance
for Pin Fin Heat Sink
Parth Soni Advisor: Dr. Dereje Agonafer
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40. Fin Height And Fin Thickness vs Thermal
Resistance for Plate fin heat sink
Parth Soni Advisor: Dr. Dereje Agonafer
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2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5 0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
0.1
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.18
0.2
0.22
0.24
0.26
0.28
0.3
0.32
'C:UsersParthDesktopNew folder (2)project-16resultPin fin2.dat'
Height of fin (cm)
Thickness of fin (cm)
0.1
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.18
0.2
0.22
0.24
0.26
0.28
0.3
0.32
41. Conclusion
Base height: Optimize base height can be 0.6cm as after
that the thermal resistance is not varying much.
Fin height: Fin height shows the optimum result at 2.5 to 3 cm
as after that flow passes through lease
resistance path
Fin radius or thickness:
recommended thickness of the fin can be 0.4mm to 0.6 mm
(Plate fin) as after that resistance increases and performance
decreases
Recommended radius of the fin can be 0.5 to 0.6 mm as after
that flow resistance increases and performance decreases
Parth Soni Advisor: Dr. Dereje Agonafer
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42. Future Work
Performance of the other available heat sinks can be
documented for the same model as well as higher
generation servers
This same can be studied for the fix pumping power
method
Parth Soni Advisor: Dr. Dereje Agonafer
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